Study on Monoxide Emission Spectrometry of Rare Earth Elements Ⅰ. Determination of Sm in Rare Earth Concentrate by Dual Wavelength Method

On the basis of investigated enhancement effect of La, Nd, Eu, and Y on Sm determination with monoxide molecular emission spectrometry, La was selected as enhancement agent and chemical interference inhibitor. In the presence of La, dual wavelength mothod was introduced to eliminate the spectral interference on Sm by other elements. A new method was established to determine samarium in high yttrium rare earth samples with satisfactory results.

A DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM FOR ACCELERATOR MASS SPECTROMETRY

A single and dual parameter data acquisition, ion beam measurements and control system for accelerator mass spectrometry is described. The system hardware has been constructed with the advantage of the lower cost and higher reliability. It is provided with varieties of functions such as selecting acquisition mode carrying out the multiple display, analyzing data and especially viewing isometric spectrum at different directions. It can also be used for ordinary nuclear spectrum system.

Study on the wavelength calibration of type Ⅲ concave grating spectrometry system

We discuss and calibrate the spectronaetry system based on concave reflection grating. The working principle, structure and parameters of the spectrometry system are introduced. For the wavelength calibration problem, three methods are put forward and discussed in detail with formulation calculation method, circular iteration method and interpolation. Interpolation is used to calibrate the concave reflection grating spectrometry system and the error is less than 1 nm. Four spectrum images that the system collected are given in this paper. The experimental results indicate that a spectrometry system can be based on concave reflection grating and be calibrated by interpolation.

Titanium dioxide-based Q-switched dual wavelength in the 1 micron region

In this work a passively Q-switched dual-wavelength ytterbium-doped fiber laser using a titanium dioxide-based saturable absorber is proposed and proven. The system also utilizes a side-polished fiber in a ring cavity configuration to obtain the desired pulse train. A stable dual-wavelength pulse output is obtained at 1034.7and 1039.0 nm, with a maximum pulse energy of 2.0 n J, and a shortest pulse width of 3.2 μs. The generated pulse train is stable, and has a pulse repetition rate from 31.2 to 64.5 kHz.

A Dual Wavelength Differential First Derivative Spectrophotometric Method for Identification and Determination of Carbon Monoxide Generated During the Microsomal Metabolism of Xenobiotics in vitro

A dual wavelength differential first derivative spectrophotometric method has been developed to standardize the concentration of a saturated aqueous solution of carbon monoxide (CO) as the standard and to identify and to determine CO formed during the microsomal metabolism of xenobiotics in vitro. The method can significantly eliminate the background interference in the assay media and increase the quantitative accuracy and the sensitivity. There is a good linear relationship between CO concentration in the range of 2～10 μmol·L 1 CO and the distance D between the first derivative peak at 415 nm amd valley at 426 nm with r=0.9999(n=5),the regression equation being C (mmol·L 1 )=17.6D 0.4, the detection limit lower than 0.1 μmol·L 1 CO. The average recoveries of CO from the assay system and the sample were 102.1%, RSD=2.9% (n=7) and 79.7%, RSD=6.8% (n=12),respectively. The RSD of within day was 4.4%(n=18),and the RSD of day to day was 6.1%(n=16). By this method, four trihaloanilines and one trihalobenzene were tested, the results showed that only 2,4,5 trifluoroaniline could be converted to CO by the incubation with rat hepatic microsomes, NADPH and oxygen, the ability of phenobarbital or dexamethasone to induce rat hepatic microsomes to catalyze CO formation was 3 or 8 times higher than that of the control.

Variable spot size optical system for a dual-wavelength laser therapy device

The majority of existing high-power laser therapeutic instruments employ a single wavelength for a single target;thus,they do not meet the requirements for clinical treatment.Therefore,this study designs an optical system for a dual-wavelength high-power laser therapeutic device with a variable spot size.The waist of the short arm of the optical cavity and the G1G2 parameter(G-parameter equivalent cavity method)is calculated using MATLAB software,the spot size and divergence angle on the lens are calculated using an ABCD matrix,and the distance between the treatment spot at different spot sizes and the transformation lens is calculated in order to design the treatment handpiece.Experiments are conducted to analyze the stability at an output power of 532 nm before beam combination and the power loss after beam combination.The results show that the output power stability of the 532-nm beam varies by less than 2%over 150 min,and the loss of both wavelengths is less than 20%,which meets the clinical requirements of the system.The safety performance can meet the requirements of national general standards for medical electrical safety.The proposed dual-wavelength laser therapy instrument has both visible wave and near-infrared wave characteristics;thus,it can accurately target both superficial vessels and vessels with a larger diameter and deeper position.This therapeutic device has the advantages of simple operation,stable and reliable laser output,high security and strong anti-interference ability,and meets the comprehensive clinical treat-ment demands of vascular diseases.

A Study of Air/Space-borne Dual-Wavelength Radar for Estimation of Rain Profiles

In this study, a framework is given by which air/space-borne dual-wavelength radar data can be used to estimate the characteristic parameters of hydrometeors. The focus of the study is on the Global Precipitation Measurement （GPM） precipitation radar, a dual-wavelength radar that will operate in the Ku （13.6 GHz） and Ka （35 GHz） bands. A key aspect of the retrievals is the relationship between the differential frequency ratio （DFR） and the median volume diameter, Do, and its dependence on the phase state of the hydrometeors. It is shown that parametric plots of Do and particle concentration in the plane of the DFR and the radar reflectivity factor in the Ku band can be used to reduce the ambiguities in deriving Do from DFR. A self-consistent iterative algorithm, which does not require the use of an independent pathattenuation constraint, is examined by applying it to the apparent radar reflectivity profiles simulated from a drop size distribution （DSD） model. For light to moderate rain, the self-consistent rain profiling approach converges to the correct solution only if the same shape factor of the Gamma distributions is used both to generate and retrieve the rain profiles. On the other hand, if the shape factors differ, the iteration generally converges but not to the correct solution. To further examine the dual-wavelength techniques, the selfconsistent iterative algorithm, along with forward and backward rain profiling algorithms, are applied to measurements taken from the 2nd generation Precipitation Radar （PR-2） built by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Consistent with the model results, it is found that the estimated rain profiles are sensitive to the shape factor of the size distribution when the iterative, self-consistent approach is used but relatively insensitive to this parameter when the forward- and backward-constrained approaches are used.

Advantage of dual wavelength light-emitting diodes with dip-shaped quantum wells

Dual-wavelength light-emitting diodes (DW-LEDs) with dip-shaped quantum wells have been studied by numerical simulation.The emission spectra,light output power,carrier concentration in the quantum wells and internal quantum efficiency are investigated.The simulation results indicate that the DW-LEDs with dip-shaped quantum wells perform better than conventional LEDs with rectangular quantum wells in terms of light output power,leakage current and efficiency droop.These improvements in the electrical and optical characteristics are mainly attributed to the alleviation of the electrostatic field in the dip-shaped quantum wells.

Dual-wavelength distributed Bragg reflector semiconductor laser based on a composite resonant cavity

We report a monolithic integrated dual-wavelength laser diode based on a distributed Bragg reflector （DBR） composite resonant cavity. The device consists of three sections, a DBR grating section, a passive phase section, and an active gain section. The gain section facet is cleaved to work as a laser cavity mirror. The other laser mirror is the DBR grating, which also functions as a wavelength filter and can control the number of wavelengths involved in the laser action. The reflection bandwidth of the DBR grating is fabricated to have an appropriate value to make the device work at the dual-wavelength lasing state. We adopt the quantum well intermixing （QWI） technique to provide low-absorption loss grating and passive phase section in the fabrication process. By tuning the injection currents on the DBR and the gain sections, the device can generate 0.596 nm-spaced dual-wavelength lasing at room temperature.

Passively Q-switched dual-wavelength Yb：LSO laser based on tungsten disulphide saturable absorber

We demonstrate a passively Q-switched Yb：LSO laser based on tungsten disulphide （WS2） saturable absorber op- erating at 1034 nm and 1056 nm simultaneously. The saturable absorbers were fabricated by spin coating method. With low speed, the WS2 nanoplatelets embedded in polyvinyl alcohol could be coated on a BK7 glass substrate coated with high-refractive-index thin polymer. The shortest pulse width of 1.6 gs with a repetition rate of 76.9 kHz is obtained. As the pump power increases to 9 W, the maximum output power is measured to be 250 mW, corresponding to a single pulse energy of 3.25 μJ. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time to obtain dual-wavelength Q-switched solid-state laser using few-layer WS2 nanoplatelets.

An all-solid-state high power quasi-continuous-wave tunable dual-wavelength Ti：sapphire laser system using birefringence filter

This paper describes a tunable dual-wavelength Ti：sapphire laser system with quasi-continuous-wave and high-power outputs. In the design of the laser, it adopts a frequency-doubled Nd：YAG laser as the pumping source, and the birefringence filter as the tuning element. Tunable dual-wavelength outputs with one wavelength range from 700 nm to 756.5 nm, another from 830 nm to 900mn have been demonstrated. With a pump power of 23 W at 532 nm, a repetition rate of 7 kHz and a pulse width of 47.6 ns, an output power of 5.1 W at 744.8 nm and 860.9 nm with a pulse width of 13.2 ns and a line width of 3 nm has been obtained, it indicates an optical-to-optical conversion efficiency of 22.2%.

Dual-wavelength dual-indicator catalytic kinetic spectrophotometry for determination of trace Ru(Ⅲ)

A new dual-wavelength dual-indicator catalytic kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace Ru(III)was studied.This method was based on Ru(III)-catalyzing oxidation of Arsenazo I and indigo carmine by potassium bromate in sulfuric acid.The absorbances of the catalytic and noncatalytic systems were measured at 510 and610 nm,respectively.Under the optimum conditions,the linear range of determination is 0–0.12 lgáml-1and the detection limit is 1.21 9 10-4lgáml-1.The method was applied for the determination of trace Ru(III)in ore samples with satisfactory results.

Improvement of carrier distribution in dual wavelength light-emitting diodes

The effect of different barriers between green and blue light regions in dual wavelength light emitting diodes was studied. Compared with a traditional sample, electroluminescence and photoluminescence spectra of the newly designed samples showed peak intensity improvements and smaller blue-shifts with increasing injection current level, and the bottom quantum-wells light emitting is enhanced. All these phenomena can be ascribed to reduced barrier thickness and indium doping in the quantum-barrier influencing electric fields and more holes injecting into the bottom QWs.

Correcting Wavefront Distortion of Dual-Wavelength Beams Due to Atmospheric Turbulence with a Correction Coefficient

In order to improve the correction effect of the adaptive optical system in coherent optical communication, we investigate the relative distortion between the wavefronts of different wavelengths of the beams transmitted on the near-ground horizontal atmospheric turbulent links emitted by coherent optical communication system. And the situation is analyzed when the wavelength corresponding to the wavefront detected by the wavefront detector and the wavelength corrected by the deformed mirror are different, the influence of the wavelength factor on the adaptive optical system correction. We use a series of trigonometric functions and the Hankel transformation to derive the corrected residual variance and the Strehl ratio between the wavefront distortions of the wavelengths of the dual-wavelength combined beam in atmospheric turbulence. In relation to the parameters of the turbulent environment, the ensemble average of the wavefront difference corresponding to different wavelengths the derived is proposed as the coefficient to correct the dual-wavelength adaptive optical system. The results show that the statistic of the turbulence internal scale has a major influence on the difference between the wavefronts. By adding the correction coefficient, the signal light’s wavefront of the coherent optical communication system can be corrected more effectively by the dual-wavelength adaptive optical closure.

THE RAPID DETERMINATION FOR BENZO(a)PYRENE WITH SYNCHRONOUS FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY SCANNING IN DEFINED RANGE OF DUAL—WAVELENGTHS

A rapid method of determination of BaP in various environmental samples,using synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy scanning in defined range of dual-wavelengths(SFDW)is described in this paper.

Observation of stable bound soliton with dual-wavelength in a passively mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser

A phase-locked bound state soliton with dual-wavelength is observed experimentally in a passively mode-locked Erdoped fiber（EDF） laser with a fiber loop mirror（FLM）. The pulse duration of the soliton is 15 ps and the peak-to-peak separation is 125 ps. The repetition rate of the pulse sequence is 3.47 MHz. The output power is 11.8 mW at the pump power of 128 mW, corresponding to the pulse energy of 1.52 nJ. The FLM with a polarization controller can produce a comb spectrum, which acts as a filter. By adjusting the polarization controller or varying the pump power, the central wavelength of the comb spectrum can be tuned. When it combines with the reflective spectrum of the fiber Bragg grating, the total spectrum of the cavity can be cleaved into two parts, then the bound state soliton with dual-wavelength at 1549.7 nm and 1550.4 nm is obtained.

Dual-wavelength dissipative soliton operation of an erbium-doped fibre laser using a nonlinear polarization rotation technique

We report on the generation of dual-wavelength dissipative solitons in a passively mode-locked fibre laser with a net normal dispersion using the nonlinear polarization rotation （NPR） technique. Taking the intrinsic advantage of the intracavity birefringence-induced spectral filtering effect in the NPR-based ring laser cavity, the dual-wavelength dissipative solitons are obtained. In addition, the wavelength separation and the lasing location of the dual-wavelength solitons can be flexibly tuned by changing the orientation of the polarization controller.

Output Characteristics of Narrow No-Gain Competition Linewidth Dual-Wavelength Laser at 912 nm and 1064 nm

The output characteristics of a narrow linewidth, no-gain competition, dual-wavelength solid-state laser using an intra-cavity pumped method are reported. This system consists of an intra-cavity pumped Nd:YVO4 laser emitting at 1064 nm, using a 912 nm Nd:GdVO4 laser. A Fabry-Perot etalon is used to compress the linewidth that located at the common cavity of 912 nm and 1064 nm laser. Theoretical analysis and experimental verification were carried out. When the pump power is 32.8 W, the output of 912 nm and 1064 nm theoretical value is 0.036 W and 0.046 W, and the experimental value is 0.017 W and 0.016 W, respectively. The change trend of the theoretical simulated output power value was the same as the actual measured value in the experiment. In addition to this, the experimental measurement shows when the etalon with an angle of 15?, corresponding minimum linewidths were 0.284 nm and 0.627 nm, respectively.

Mid-IR dual-wavelength difference frequency generation in uniform grating PPLN using index dispersion control

A novel widely tunable dual-wavelength mid-IR difference frequency generation （DFG） scheme with uniform grating periodically poled lithium niobate （PPLN） is presented in this paper. By using the temperature-dependent dispersion property of PPLN, the quasi-phase matching （QPM） peak for the pump may evolve into two separate ones and the wavelength spacing between them increases with the decrease of the crystal temperature. Such two pump QPM peaks may allow simultaneous dual-wavelength mid-IR laser radiations while properly setting the two fundamental pump wavelengths. With this scheme, mid-IR dual-wavelength laser radiations at around 3.228 and 3.548, 3.114 and 3.661, and 3.019 and 3.76 μm, are experimentally achieved for the crystal temperatures of 90, 65, and 30 ℃, respectively, based on the fiber laser fundamental lights.