X-ray Spectroscopically Probing Mo_(2)C@MoSe_(2)Heterojunction Electrodes

Due to their high electrical conductivity and layered structure,two dimensional MXene materials are re⁃garded as promising candidates for energy storage applications.However,the relatively low stability and specific ca⁃pacity of MXene materials limit their further utilization.In this study,these issues are addressed using a heterostruc⁃ture strategy via a one-step selenization method to form Mo_(2)C@MoSe_(2).Synchrotron radiation X-ray spectroscopic and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM)characterizations revealed the heterostructure consisting of in-situ grown MoSe_(2)on Mo_(2)C MXene.Electrochemical tests proved the heterojunction electrode’s superior rate perfor⁃mance of 289.06 mAh·g^(-1)at a high current density of 5 A·g^(-1)and long cycling stability of 550 mAh·g^(-1)after 900 cycles at 1 A·g^(-1).This work highlights the useful X-ray spectroscopic analysis to directly elucidate the heterojunction structure,providing an effective reference method for probing heterostructures.

Benchmarking calculations of excitation energies and transition properties with spectroscopic accuracy of highly charged ions used for the fusion plasma and astrophysical plasma

Atomic radiative data such as excitation energies, transition wavelengths, radiative rates, and level lifetimes with high precision are the essential parameters for the abundance analysis, simulation, and diagnostics in fusion and astrophysical plasmas. In this work, we mainly focus on reviewing our two projects performed in the past decade. One is about the ions with Z■30 that are generally of astrophysical interest, and the other one is about the highly charged krypton(Z = 36)and tungsten(Z = 74) ions that are relevant in research of magnetic confinement fusion. Two different and independent methods, namely, multiconfiguration Dirac–Hartree–Fock(MCDHF) and the relativistic many-body perturbation theory(RMBPT) are usually used in our studies. As a complement/extension to our previous works for highly charged tungsten ions with open M-shell and open N-shell, we also mainly focus on presenting and discussing our complete RMBPT and MCDHF calculations for the excitation energies, wavelengths, electric dipole(E1), magnetic dipole(M1), electric quadrupole(E2), and magnetic quadrupole(M2) transition properties, and level lifetimes for the lowest 148 levels belonging to the 3l3configurations in Al-like W61+. We also summarize the uncertainties of our systematical theoretical calculations, by cross-checking/validating our datasets from our RMBPT and MCDHF calculations, and by detailed comparisons with available accurate observations and other theoretical calculations. The data are openly available in Science Data Bank at https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.10569.

Spectroscopy and molecule opacity investigation on excited states of SiS

The SiS molecule,which plays a significant role in space,has attracted a great deal of attention for many years.Due to complex interactions among its low-lying electronic states,precise information regarding the molecular structure of SiS is limited.To obtain accurate information about the structure of its excited states,the high-precision multireference configuration interaction(MRCI)method has been utilized.This method is used to calculate the potential energy curves(PECs)of the 18Λ–S states corresponding to the lowest dissociation limit of SiS.The core–valence correlation effect,Davidson’s correction and the scalar relativistic effect are also included to guarantee the precision of the MRCI calculation.Based on the calculated PECs,the spectroscopic constants of quasi-bound and bound electronic states are calculated and they are in accordance with previous experimental results.The transition dipole moments(TDMs)and dipole moments(DMs)are determined by the MRCI method.In addition,the abrupt variations of the DMs for the 1^(5)Σ^(+)and 2^(5)Σ^(+)states at the avoided crossing point are attributed to the variation of the electronic configuration.The opacity of SiS at a pressure of 100 atms is presented across a series of temperatures.With increasing temperature,the expanding population of excited states blurs the band boundaries.

Theoretical Studies on Structures and Spectroscopic Properties of Highly Efficient Phosphorescent [Ru（terpy）（phen）X]＋ Complexes

The ground and the lowest-lying triplet excited state geometries, electronic structures, and spectroscopic properties of three mixed-ligand Ru（II） complexes [Ru（terpy）（phen）X]＋ （terpy=2,2＇,6＇,2″-terpyridine, phen=l,10-phenanthroline, and X=-C-=CH （1）, X=Cl （2）, X-CN （3）） were investigated theoretically using the density functional theory method. The ground and excited state geometries have been fully optimized at the B3LYP/LanL2DZ and UB3LYP/LanL2DZ levels, respectively. The absorption and emission spectra of the com- plexes in CHaCN solutions were calculated by time-dependent density functional theory with the PCM solvent model. The calculated bond lengths of Ru-C, Ru-N, and Ru-Cl in the ground state agree well with the corresponding experimental results. The highest occupied molecular orbital were dominantly localized on the Ru atom and monodentate X ligand for 1 and 2, Ru atom and terpy ligand for a, while the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital were π＊（terpy） type orbital. Therefore, the lowest-energy absorptions of 1 and 2 at 688 and 631 nln are attributed to a dyz （Ru）＋Tr/p（X）--π＊ （terpy） transition with MLCT/XLCT （metal-to-ligand charge transfer/X ligand to terpy ligand charge transfer） character, whereas that of 3 at 529 nm is related to a dyz （Ru）＋π（terpy）-π＊ （terpy） transition with MLCT and ILCT transition character. The calculated phosphorescence of three complexes at 1011 nm （1）, 913 nm （2）, and 838 nm （3） have similar transition properties to that of the lowest-lying absorption. It is shown that the lowest lying absorptions and emissions transition character of these Ru（II） complexes can be tuned by changing the electron-withdrawing ability of the monodentate ligand.

Role of Bridge-bonded Formate in Formic Acid Dehydration to CO at Pt Electrode： Electrochemial in-situ Infrared Spectroscopic Study

Formic acid （HCOOH） decomposition at Pt film electrode has been studied by electrochem- ical in situ FTIR spectroscopy under attenuated-total-reflection configuration, in order to clarify whether bridge-bonded formate （HCOOD） is the reactive intermediate for COad for-mation from HCOOH molecules. When switching from HCOOH-free solution to HCOOH- containing solution at constant potential （E=0.4 V vs. RHE）, we found that immediately upon solution switch COad formation rate is the highest, while surface coverage of formate is zero, then after COad formation rate decreases, while formate coverage reaches a steady state coverage quickly within ca. 1 s. Potential step experiment from E=0.75 V to 0.35 V, reveals that formate band intensity drops immediately right after the potential step, while the COad signal develops slowly with time. Both facts indicate that formate is not the reactive intermediate for formic acid dehydration to CO.

Spectroscopic Measurements of Physiological Elements in Microdialysis Samples from Rat Brain,Flowering Plum Fruit and Pea

The basal levels of magnesium and copper in rat brain and flowering plum fruit dialysates, and the background concentration of calcium in pea dialysates have been determined with sensitive spectroscopic techniques including atomic absorption spectrometry and spectrophotometry based on amino G acid chlorophosphonazo. It is found that the magnesium level in flowering plum fruit dialysates is much lower than that in rat brain dialysates, indicating a considerable composition difference present between a plant dialysate and an animal one.

Valence Bond Study of Dissociation Behavior and Spectroscopic Constants for the Ground States of LiF and NaF

Ab initio VB calculations were used to determine the accurate spectroscopic parameters of the ground states of LiF and NaF. A set of potential energy curves corresponding to the ground states including ionic and covalent interactions, pure ionic interaction and covalent interaction were generated using the VBSCF method. Curve crossing in the dissociation processes of LiF and NaF was discussed. The optimized VB wave functions suggest that LiF and NaF are of high ionicity, and their ionic weights are 86 2% and 94 6%, respectively. NaF has a higher ionicity. The main difference between atom F and ion F - and the effect of the proper description of this difference on dissociation energies were investigated.

Interaction of repaglinide with bovine serum albumin:Spectroscopic and molecular docking approaches

Repaglinide (RPG) regulates the amount of glucose by stimulating the pancreas to release insulin in the blood. In view of its biological importance, we have examined the interaction between RPG and a model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA) employing various spectroscopic, electrochemical and molecular docking methods. Fluorescence spectra of BSA were recorded in the presence and absence of RPG in phosphate buffer of pH 7.4. Fluorescence intensity of BSA was decreased upon the addition of increased concentrations of RPG, indicating the interaction between RPG and BSA. Stern-Volmer quenching analysis results revealed that RPG quenched the intensity of BSA through dynamic quenching mechanism. This was further confirmed from the time-resolved fluorescence measurements. The binding constant as calculated from the spectroscopic and voltammetric results was observed to be in the order of 104M-1 at 298 K, suggesting the moderate binding affinity between RPG and BSA. Competitive experimental results revealed that the primary binding site for RPG on BSA was site II. Absorption and circular dichroism studies indicated the changes in the secondary structure of BSA upon its interaction with RPG. Molecular simulation studies pointed out that RPG was bound to BSA in the hydrophobic pocket of site II.

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Characterization of Kaolinite from Assam and Meghalaya, Northeastern India

This study demonstrates the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic characterization of natural kaolinite from north-eastern India. The compositional and structural studies were carried out at room temperature by using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), electron microprobe (EPMA) analyses and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic techniques. The main peaks in the infrared spectra reflected Al-OH, Al-O and Si-O functional groups in the high frequency stretching and low frequency bending modes. Few peaks of infrared spectra inferred to the interference peaks for quartz as associated minerals. The present study demonstrates usefulness of the spectroscopic techniques in determining quality and crystalline nature of kaolinite from the Assam and Meghalaya, northeastern India.

In-depth investigation on physicochemical and thermal properties of magnesium(Ⅱ) gluconate using spectroscopic and thermoanalytical techniques

Magnesium gluconate is a classical organometallic pharmaceutical compound used for the prevention and treatment of hypomagnesemia as a source of magnesium ion. The present research described the in-depth study on solid state properties viz. physicochemical and thermal properties of magnesium gluconate using sophisticated analytical techniques like Powder X-ray diffraction(PXRD), particle size analysis(PSA),Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectrometry, ultraviolet–visible(UV–Vis) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)/differential thermogravimetric analysis(DTG), and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).Magnesium gluconate was found to be crystalline in nature along with the crystallite size ranging from 14.10 to47.35 nm. The particle size distribution was at d(0.1)=6.552 μm, d(0.5)=38.299 μm, d(0.9)=173.712 μm and D(4,3)=67.122 μm along with the specific surface area of 0.372 m^2/g. The wavelength for the maximum absorbance was at 198.0 nm. Magnesium gluconate exhibited 88.51% weight loss with three stages of thermal degradation process up to 895.18 °C from room temperature. The TGA/DTG thermograms of the analyte indicated that magnesium gluconate was thermally stable up to around 165 °C. Consequently, the melting temperature of magnesium gluconate was found to be 169.90 °C along with the enthalpy of fusion of 308.7 J/g.Thus, the authors conclude that the achieved results from this study are very useful in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries for the identification, characterization and qualitative analysis of magnesium gluconate for preformulation studies and also for developing magnesium gluconate based novel formulation.

Physical and geometrical parameters of CVBS X:the spectroscopic binary Gliese 762.1

We present the physical and geometrical parameters of the individual components of the close visual double-lined spectroscopic binary system Gliese 762.1, which were estimated using Al-Wardat＇s complex method for analyzing close visual binary systems. The estimated parameters of the individual components of the system are as follows： radius RA= 0.845±0.09R⊙, RB= 0.795±0.10R⊙, effective temperature Teff^A = 5300luminosity±50 K, Teff^B= 5150 L±50 K, surface gravity log gA= 4.52±0.10, log gB=4.54±0.15 and A= 0.51 with a semi-major axis of 0.0865±0.08L⊙, LB= 0.40±0.07L⊙. New orbital elements are presented±0.010 arcsec using the Hippracos parallax π = 58.96 ndividual masses of the system are determined as M = 1.±0.65 mas, and an accurate total mass and i72±0.60 M⊙,MA= 0.89±0.08 M⊙and MB= 0.83 K0 V and±0.07 M⊙. Finally, the spectral types and luminosity classes of both components are assigned as K1.5V for the primary and secondary components respectively,and their positions on the H-R diagram and evolutionary tracks are given.

Transient Spectroscopic Properties of [60]Fullerene-Containing Cyclic Sulphoxide

The properties of the triplet excited state of [60]fullerene-containing cyclic sulphoxide have been investigated by time-resolved absorption spectroscopy. Transient absorption bands of [60]fullerene-containing cyclic sulphoxide showed two decay-components, which were attributed to triplet excited states of different spin multiplicity. The properties of photoexcited states of [60]fullerene-containing cyclic sulphoxide are also reported.

Accurate potential energy function and spectroscopic study of the X^2Σ^+,A^2Ⅱ and B^2Σ^+ states of the CP radical

This paper calculates the equilibrium internuclear separations, the harmonic frequencies and the potential energy curves of the X^2∑＋, A^2П and B^2∑＋ states of the CP radical by the highly accurate valence internally contracted multireference configuration interaction method with correlation-consistent basis sets （aug-cc-pV6Z for C atom and aug-cc-pVQZ for P atom）. The potential energy curves are all fitted with the analytic potential energy function by the least-square fitting. Employing the analytic potential energy function, we determine the spectroscopic constants （Be, αe and ωeχe） of these states. For the X2∑＋ state, the obtained values of De, Be, αe, ωeχe, Re and ωe are 5.4831 eV, 0.792119 cm-1, 0.005521 cm-1, 6.89653 cm-1, 0.15683 nm, 12535.11 cm-1, respectively. For the A2H state, the present values of De, Be,αe, ωeχe, Re and We are 4.586 eV, 0.703333 cm-1, 0.005458 cm-1, 6.03398 cm-1, 0.16613 nm, 1057.89 cm-1, respectively. For the B2E＋ state, the present values of De, Be, αe, ωeχe, Re and We are 3.506 eV, 0.677561 cm-1, 0.00603298 cm-1, 5.68809 cm-1, 0.1696 nm, 822.554 cm-1, respectively. For these states, the vibrational states with the rotational quantum number J equals zero （J = 0） are studied by solving the radial nuclear Schr6dinger equation using the Numerov method. For each vibrational state, the vibrational level, the classical turning points, the rotational inertial and the centrifugal distortion constants are calculated. Comparison is made with recent theoretical and experimental results.

Spectroscopic properties of Er/Ce-codoped La_3Ga_5SiO_(14)

The Er-single-doped and Er/Ce-codoped La3Ga5SiO14 polycrystalline powders are synthesized by the solid-phase synthesis method. The room-temperature luminescence spectra of the samples are investigated. The Near-infrared- region spectroscopic properties of Er3＋ ions in the La3GasSiO14 systems are analysed with Judd-Ofelt theory and rate equations. The effective deactivating effect of Ce3＋ ions on Er3＋ ions is confirmed.

Spectroscopic Properties and Judd-Ofelt Theory Analysis of Er^(3+)-Doped Heavy Metal Oxyfluoride Silicate Glass

Er^(3+)-doped heavy metal oxyfluoride silicate glass was fabricated and characterized, and the absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum of the glass were studied. The Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters Ω_t (t =2, 4, 6), spontaneous transition probability, fluorescence branching ratio and radiative lifetime of each energy levels for Er^(3+) were calculated by Judd-Ofelt theory, and stimulated emission cross-section of (()~4I_(13/2))→(()~4I_(15/2)) transition was calculated by McCumber theory. The results show that fluorescence full width at half maximum and stimulated emission cross-section of Er^(3+)-doped heavy metal oxyfluoride silicate glass are broad and large, respectively. Compared with other host glasses, the gain bandwidth property of Er^(3+)-doped heavy metal oxyfluoride silicate glass is close to those of tellurite and bismuth glasses, and has advantage over those of silicate, phosphate and germante glasses.

Molecular Spectroscopic Study on the Interaction between Heparinand Neutral Red

The interaction between heparin and neutral red was investigated by molecular spectroscopic methods. The change of all spectra suggested that positively charged neutral red had interacted with negatively charged heparin. The study of influence factors indicated that electrostatic force and hydrophobic bond might be involved in the interaction. The total binding number per disaccharide unit and intrinsic binding constant were obtained using Scatchard model.

Synthesis,Crystal Structure,Spectroscopic Characterization,Thermal Stability and Magnetic Properties of a Dinuclear Copper(Ⅱ) Complex

A new copper（Ⅱ） complex [Cu2（MNA）2（2,2‘-bipy）2]·2.5H2 O with methy-5-norbornene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid（MNA） and 2,2’-bipyridine as ligands has been synthesized in the mixed solvents of DMF and water.It crystallizes in monoclinic,space group P 1,with a = 10.4191（11）,b = 12.8883（13）,c = 16.1114（16） A,α = 70.8090（10）,β = 80.568（2）,γ = 77.440（2）o,V = 1984.3（4） A^3,Dc = 1.551 g/cm^3,Z = 2,F（000） = 962,the final GOOF = 1.051,R = 0.0431 and w R= 0.0980.The crystal structure shows that the whole molecule consists of two independent dinuclear units,in which two copper ions are bridged by two μ2-η^1：η^0 3-carboxylate groups of MNA^2-.The coordination environment of Cu（Ⅱ） ion is Cu O3N2,giving a distorted square pyramidal geometry.The spectroscopic characterization,thermal stability and magnetic properties of the complex were investigated.

UV/visible spectroscopic analysis of CO^(3+) and CO^(2+) during the dissolution of cobalt from mixed Co-Cu oxidized ores

The leaching of cobalt from four-mixed Co-Cu oxidized ores containing cobalt at levels ranging from 0.5wt% to 34wt% was studied and the results has been reported. Conventional dissolution of these oxidized Co-Cu ores with diluted H2SO4 and SO2 as a reducing agent resulted in a substantial improvement in the solution based recovery of cobalt. UV/visible spectroscopic analysis of the leached solu-tions indicated that the increased cobalt content in the solution was a result of flushing the acidified cobalt leaching solution with SO2. Fur-thermore, UV/visible spectroscopy confirmed that as SO2 was flushed into the acidified leaching solution, Co3＋ bearing minerals were re-duced to the readily soluble Co2＋ bearing minerals, and this resulted in the increase of total cobalt in the collected solution. The mechanism of the reduction of Co3＋ to Co2＋ bearing minerals when SO2 is flushed during the leaching of mixed Co-Cu oxidized ores, including the stability trends of Co3＋, Co2＋, and Cu2＋ complexes, as shown by their UV/visible spectra, are also discussed.

Space-time Resolved Spectroscopic System Based on a Rotating Hexahedral Mirror for Measurement of Visible and Ultraviolet Spectral Line Emissions

By using a rotating hexahedral mirror placed in front of the objective lens and two sets of visible and ultraviolet monochromators coupled with a branchy quartz fiber bundle, a space-time resolved spectroscopic system has been developed on the HT-7 superconducting tokamak. A center monitoring system has been used including a Helium-Neon laser and a photodiode detector to indicate the absolute position of the measurement in order to reduce the error caused by the uncertain emissive position of the plasma. By using the asymmetric Abel inversion, the space-time resolved local emission coefficients of the spectroscopic line emissions have been obtained. Presented in this article are simultaneous measurements of two spectral line emissions such as CV-227.1 nm and OV-278.1 nm during a single plasma discharge on the HT-7. Experimental results indicate that the time resolution is better than 3 ms, the space resolution is better than 1.5cm, the ratio of signal to background is better than 10：1, and the relative error of chord-integrated emission profile is less than 10%. Compared to traditional multichannel detecting systems, this system has considerably improved measurement efficiency, reduced uncertainty, and is therefore suitable for transport studies of global particles and impurities.

Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Studies in Flotation

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has beenextensively employed in flotation research. The work done by theauthor and co-workers has been reported. A comparison has been madeamong the different FTIR spectroscopic techniques, e.g., transmissionFTIR spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform(DRIFT) spectroscopy, and attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FTIRspectroscopy.