Artificial ground motion compatible with specified ground shaking peaks and target response spectrum

This article describes a hybrid simulation method to generate artificial ground motion time histories that are compatible with specified peak seismic acceleration, velocity and displacement as well as the target response spectrum of absolute acceleration. First, based on traditional methods that match the target spectrum in the frequency domain, an initial acceleration time history was synthesized to satisfy the specified peak acceleration, target spectral acceleration and intensity envelope. Second, by using the inversion formula of the seismic input to a linear single-degree-of-freedom system and by superimposing a series of narrow-band time histories in the time domain, the initial time history is further modified to allow its peak velocity and displacement to approach the targets and improve its matching precision with the target spectrum. Numerical examples are provided to demonstrate that the proposed method achieves good agreement with the target values.

Artificial ground motion compatible with specified peak velocity and target spectrum

In this paper, a method, which synthesizes the artificial ground motion compatible with the specified peak velocity as well as the target acceleration response spectrum, was proposed. In this method, firstly, an initial acceleration time history α8^（0） （t）, which satisfies the prescribed peak ground acceleration, the target spectral acceleration ST（ω, ζ）,and the specified intensity envelope, is generated by the traditional method that generates the requency domain; secondly,α8^（0） （t）is further modulated by superimposing narrow-band time histories upon it in the time domain to make its peak velocity, approach the target peak ground velocity, and at the same time to improve its fitting precision to the target spectrum. Numerical examples show that this algorithm boasts high calculation precisions.

Spectrum-effect relationship between HPLC fingerprints and bioactive components of Radix Hedysari on increasing the peak bone mass of rat

The traditional Chinese medicine of Radix Hedysari plays an important role in invigorating gas for ascending, benefiting blood for promoting production of fluid, and promoting circulation for removing obstruction in collaterals, which is consistent with the principle of treatment for osteoporosis. This study is designed to investigate the bioactive components on increasing peak bone mass (PBM) by exploring the spectrum-effect relationship between chromatography fingerprints and effect. Multiple indicators are selected to evaluate the pharmacological activity. In fingerprints, 21 common peaks are obtained, five of which are identified. Furthermore, gray relational analysis (GRA) is a quantitative method of gray system theory and is used to describe the correlation degree of common peaks and pharmacological activities with relational value. 21 components are then divided into three different regions, of which ononin and calycosin play an extremely significant role in increasing PBM. In addition, factor analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) are used to screen the optimal producing area for Radix Hedysari. This provides a comprehensive and efficient method to improve the quality evaluation of Radix Hedysari, confirming the bioactive components for PBM-enhancement and further develop its medicinal value.

Grading of Brain Tumors by Mining MRS Spectrums Using LabVIEW <br/>—Metabolite Peak Height Scanning Method

In this paper, we attempt to resolve the problem of grading of brain tumors as grade 2, grade 3, grade 4, using information from magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) image, to assist in clinical diagnosis. This paper proposes a novel approach to extract metabolite values represented in a graphical form in MR Spectroscopy image. Metabolites like N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), Choline (CHO) along with the metabolite ratios NAA/CHO and presence/absence of LACTATE peak play the most important role in deciding the tumor type. The proposed approach consists of several steps including preprocessing, metabolite peak height scanning and classification. Proposed system stores the metabolite values in dataset instead of storing MRS images;so reduces the image processing tasks and memory requirements. Further these metabolite values and ratios are fed to a BPN classifier. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in classifying the brain tumors.

Generation of artificial earthquakes for matching target response unsmooth spectrum via wavelet package transform

The seismic records of target response spectrum used in the time-history analysis should be allowed to meet the norms. However, the previous fitting methods of target spectrum are mostly for the situations that the target spectrum is a smooth curve. In many cases, it needs to match unsmooth target spectrum for single determined response spectrum. An adjustment of time history via wavelet packet transform was presented, which is able to fit unsmooth target spectrum. It was found that there is a certain bias between the band center frequency of the component of seismic record after wavelet packet decomposition and the peak frequency of response spectra of wavelet packet components. For this reason, five strategies were presented to select iteration points, and the effects of the five strategies were compared with two calculation examples. It was turned out that the peak frequency of the response spectrum of wavelet packet component can lead to good fitting effect when it is selected as the iteration point. In the iteration process, it shows great promise in fitting non-smooth target spectrum and has a trend of converge.

PEAK关系训练系统：孤独症语言障碍康复的新方法

PEAK (Promoting the Emergence of Advanced Knowledge,促进高阶知识涌现)关系训练系统是全球首个同时整合了斯金纳的《言语行为》和后斯金纳主义的“关系框架理论”,促进孤独症谱系障碍(Autism spectrumdisorders, ASD)患者的语言、学习、社交等核心技能发展的语言行为评估训练系统。截至2018 年底, PEAK 关系训练系统由以下4 个模块组成:直接训练模块、泛化模块、等价关系模块、功能转化模块。每一模块依据难易程度分别设置了184 个目标能力的评估方法及训练课程。已发表的多项实证研究表明, PEAK 关系训练系统打破了《语言行为里程碑评估及安置程序》(Verbal Behavior Milestones and Placement Program, VB-MAPP)对ASD 患者进行里程碑评估时出现的“天花板效应”,有望比VB-MAPP 提供更全面、高阶的语言行为评估体系。此外, PEAK 关系训练系统表现出的评估工具的信效度良好、多项效果研究显著、实践中易操作等特性,使其不仅适用于专业人员教学,未来在ASD 患者家庭干预模式中也有潜在的应用价值。

Synthesis of accelerograms compatible with the Chinese GB 50011-2001 design spectrum via harmonic wavelets: artifi cial and historic records

A versatile approach is employed to generate artificial accelerograms which satisfy the compatibility criteria prescribed by the Chinese aseismic code provisions GB 50011-2001. In particular, a frequency dependent peak factor derived by means of appropriate Monte Carlo analyses is introduced to relate the GB 50011-2001 design spectrum to a parametrically defined evolutionary power spectrum （EPS）. Special attention is given to the definition of the frequency content of the EPS in order to accommodate the mathematical form of the aforementioned design spectrum. Further, a one-to-one relationship is established between the parameter controlling the time-varying intensity of the EPS and the effective strong ground motion duration. Subsequently, an efficient auto-regressive moving-average （ARMA） filtering technique is utilized to generate ensembles of non-stationary artificial accelerograms whose average response spectrum is in a close agreement with the considered design spectrum. Furthermore, a harmonic wavelet based iterative scheme is adopted to modify these artificial signals so that a close matching of the signals＇ response spectra with the GB 50011-2001 design spectrum is achieved on an individual basis. This is also done for field recorded accelerograms pertaining to the May, 2008 Wenchuan seismic event. In the process, zero-phase high-pass filtering is performed to accomplish proper baseline correction of the acquired spectrum compatible artificial and field accelerograms. Numerical results are given in a tabulated format to expedite their use in practice.

Transformation of Wave Energy Spectrum in Shallow Water

Combined with irregular wave-maker, the growing process of Wave Energy Spectrum in shallow water can be studied in wind wave channel on different water depth conditions, and its transformation characteristics and rules can be obtained.

Generating ground motion by two new techniques of adding harmonic wave in the time domain and approximating to response spectrum as a whole

In this paper,two new methods are introduced to fit response spectrum in generating earthquake acceleration time history.The first method is Adding Harmonic Wave in Time Domain(AHWTD).In this method, a control point of response spectrum is adjusted by adding a harmonic time history to the adjusted one.Three features of the method are that it has small cross interference,small amount of computation and it can give consideration to the amplitude envelope.The second one is Approximating Response Spectrum as a Whole(ARSW).This method has following feature. When adjust a time history that is decided by amplitude spectrum A k and phase spectrum φ k(k =0, 1, 2, …, n ), the mean square root of every relative error E j(j= 1, 2, …, M ) between response spectrum and object spectrum V r=∑Mj=1E 2 j/M is used to decide adjusting direction of any amplitude spectrum A k . Because E j and V r are functions of A k and φ k , the problem of fitting response spectrum in generating earthquake acceleration time history can be changed to a problem of finding minimum point of V r . Restricted by Nyquist frequency, AHWTD is not suitable for high frequencies of response spectrum. Restricted by frequency distribution of FFT, the density of control points in the low frequency part can′t be too dense for ARSW. But two methods can replenish each other and get such a good fitting effect that we can fit the given peak ground acceleration and peak ground velocity well at the same time.

渤海油田噪声-流量测井与PEAK工具组合找漏堵漏技术

油套管漏失和管外窜槽等问题影响油气水井正常生产,特别是海上平台井筒发生漏失,大修费用高、周期长。噪声-流量测井可获取井下各深度处的噪声和流量数据,对噪声数据进行傅里叶变换,得到不同深度位置频率和幅值的对应关系,再通过流体流经不同部位时频率和幅值的响应特征,辅以流量数据,实现准确定位井筒管漏的目的;PEAK跨隔堵漏工具可以坐封在任意深度,基于它的中通特性,跨隔工具坐封堵漏后,管道上下空间正常连通。在渤海油田S4井应用,通过对噪声频谱和流量数据的分析,确定油管漏点在1494.0 m附近,下入PEAK跨隔工具封堵漏点上下各6 m范围,成功实现精准找漏堵漏并恢复正常生产,初期日产液180 m^3。该方案可避免大修作业,为今后油套管管漏问题提供有效应对方案。

MAXIMUM ENTROPY DECONVOLUTION OF XPS PEAK

Necessity of XPS spectrum deconvolution, disadvantages of the traditional Fast Fourier Transform decon-volution method (FFT) , principle, method and advantages of Maximum Entropy Deconvolution Method (MEM) are de-scribed. Criteria for determing the number of data points sam-pled in MEM are the main point disccussed in the paper,some XPS deconvolution applications of our MEM software show that the MEM makes XPS deconvolution much easier than the traditional FFT method.

NOVEL SPECTRUM SENSING METHOD BASED ON THE SPATIAL SPECTRUM FOR COGNITIVE RADIO SYSTEMS

Spectrum sensing is the key problem for Cognitive Radio(CR) systems.A method based on the Peak-to-Average Amplitude-Ratio(PAAR) of the Spatial Spectrum(SS) of the received signals is proposed to sense the available spectrum for the cognitive users with the help of the multiple antennas at the receiver of the cognitive users.The greatest advantage of the new method is that it requires no information of the noise power and is free of the noise power uncertainty.Both the simulation and the analytical results show that the proposed method is robust to noise uncertainty,and greatly outperform the classical Energy Detector(ED) method.

Taylor Dispersion of Contaminants by Dual-peak Spectral Random Waves

Recent extensive and important studies have provided detailed information and compelling evidence on how the presence of waves influences the vertical diffusivity/dispersivity in the coastal environment, which can affect various water quality considerations such as the distribution of suspended sediments in the water column as well as the potential of eutrophication. Comparatively, how the presence of waves influences the horizontal diffusivity/dispersivity has received only scant attention in the literature. Our previous works investigated the role played by the Taylor mechanism due to the wave-induced drift profile which leads to the longitudinal dispersion of contaminants in the horizontal direction, under regular sinusoidal waves and random waves with single-peak spectra. Natural waves in the coastal environment, however, often possess dual-peak spectra, comprising both higher frequency wind waves and lower frequency swells. In this study, the Taylor dispersion of contaminants under random waves with dual-peak spectra is examined through analytical derivation and numerical calculations. The effects of various dual-peak spectral parameters on the horizontal dispersion, including the proportion of lower frequency energy, peak frequency ratio and spectral shape parameter, are investigated. The results show that the relative energy distribution between the dual peaks has the most significant effect. Compared with single-peak spectra with equivalent energy, the Taylor dispersion with dual-peak spectra is stronger when the lower frequency is close to the peak frequency of the single-peak spectrum, and weaker with the higher frequency instead. Thus, it can be concluded that with a dual-peak wave spectrum, wind-dominated seas with higher frequency lead to stronger dispersion in the horizontal direction than swell-dominated seas with lower frequency.

Improved Data Processing of Loading Spectrum for Applications of Rainflow Counting Method

The rainflow counting method is a reasonable cyclecounting procedure for fatigue life calculation and simulation testing of structures.It defines cycles as closed stress /strain hysteresis loops.Application of the rainflow counting method requires a data processing of the loading spectrum,which consists of the elimination of non-peak value data points,load time histories adjustment and loop extraction.In the data processing of the loading spectrum,if a stress point is neither the peak nor the valley,it will be identified and eliminated from the loading spectrum.Generally,the loading process is idealized as a single peak-valley straight line.But in actually,there are polylines or nearly straight lines between peaks and valleys which can't be ignored.Therefore,in the process of eliminating such data points,it will produce error in method itself.To reduce the error produced by the traditional method itself,a new method which can well simplify the polylines in data processing of loading spectrum is proposed in this paper.Comparing with the original approximation method,the proposed method has higher precision.

枝节直波导与开口方环耦合谐振腔的Fano谐振特性研究

本文构建了一个枝节直波导与带开口方环耦合谐振腔.基于金属-绝缘体-金属结构的Fano谐振原理,采用有限元法分析了该波导结构的透射谱线对谐振腔结构参数的依赖关系.在开口方环与直波导间距G=90 nm,枝节高度H=140 nm时,该谐振腔结构中可以产生中心波长分别为λ=746 nm和1521 nm具有反对称线型的双重Fano共振透射峰.研究表明:左侧谐振峰值先随H增高而升高,至H=140 nm达到最大值,之后随H增高峰值缓慢减弱,直至消失.右侧谐振峰值则几乎不受H变化影响.传输谷受H影响最大,随着H增大,枝节谐振腔的传输谷向长波长方向移动,而右侧两个传输谷基本保持不变.当H=210 nm时,左边Fano谐振完全消失,只剩下右边的谐振,且谐振峰基本保持不变.设置参数化扫描,观测Fano谐振的变化,在波长1500 nm~1700 nm之间,设置最佳参数,经拟合计算得到该谐振耦合腔可以作为一个灵敏度S为1496 nm/RIU,FOM=60.1的折射率传感器.该结构可以为纳米级折射率传感器设计提供有效依据.

基于ASMVMD和MOMEDA的齿轮特征提取方法

针对齿轮信号易被强噪声干扰,导致损伤特征难以提取的问题,提出了一种基于自适应逐次多元变分模态分解(ASMVMD)和多点最优最小熵解卷积(MOMEDA)的齿轮故障特征提取方法。首先,采用加权黑猩猩优化算法对SMVMD分解参数进行了自适应寻优,以SMVMD分解后各个通道的所有分量的平均包络谱峰值因子(Ec)之和的相反数作为寻优的适应度函数,确定了最大惩罚因子α和最大分解模态数k的最优值;然后,采用ASMVMD方法对齿轮多通道故障数据进行了自适应分解,根据Ec指标提取了各通道特定分量,并将这些分量相加,进行了信号重构;最后,采用MOMEDA解卷积处理了重构信号,进一步强化了齿轮故障的冲击特性,并利用包络谱分析解卷积信号,提取了齿轮的故障特征频率。研究结果表明:通过仿真信号和模拟实验信号的分析,可知利用ASMVMD-MOMEDA相结合的方法处理得到的信号降噪效果显著,能有效抑制无关干扰成分的影响,从包络谱中可以清晰地看到故障频率的前几阶倍频;与多元经验模态分解(MEMD)-MOMEDA相结合的方法进行对比,发现采用ASMVMD-MOMEDA方法得到的包络谱较MEMD-MOMEDA方法的谱线更加干净,各阶倍频更加明显,进一步证明ASMVMD-MOMEDA方法可以准确提取齿轮故障特征。

硅藻土沥青混凝土流变性和红外光谱

这是一篇陶瓷及复合材料领域的论文。为了研究硅藻土掺量对沥青混合料的物理性质、流变性能以及路用性能的影响,开展了不同硅藻土掺量作用下的沥青混合料基本物理实验、流变实验、高温稳定性和低温抗裂性能实验。结果表明:在硅藻土掺量为30%时,沥青混合料的软化点、锥入度和延度达到极大值,以及在硅藻土掺量为40%时,沥青混合料的针入度达到极大值,而延度的变化规律却呈现出不断增大的趋势。而温度为170℃作为沥青混合料的制备温度以及选取硅藻土掺量为30%作为沥青混合料低温抗裂性能较优值。同时,掺加硅藻土可以有效地提升沥青混合料的高温性能,但过量掺入硅藻土会弱化其高温性能。随着硅藻土掺量不断增大,沥青混凝土红外光谱中部分特征峰峰值的变化规律呈现出不断减小的趋势,且在沥青混凝土老化过程中,其内部的轻质组分受到高温的影响,发生了挥发现象,但是随着硅藻土掺量的不断增大,沥青混凝土老化后的轻质组分对应的特征峰峰值变化幅度却不大。

Comparison between Different Shapes of Structure by Response Spectrum Method of Dynamic Analysis

Several procedures for non-linear static and dynamic analysis of structures have been developed in recent years. In this paper, the response spectrum analysis is performed on two different shapes i.e. regular and irregular shape of structure by using STAAD PRO. And the comparison results are studied and compared accounting for the earthquake characteristics and the structure dynamic characteristics. As the results show that the earthquake response peak values and the main response frequencies are very close and comparable. It can be referred to by the engineering applications.

基于监测台网加速度信号分析的上海周边区域地震影响评价

2021年11月至2023年8月期间,上海市周边区域共发生了5次有感地震,分别为江苏盐城市大丰区海域5.0级、江苏常州市天宁区4.2级、黄海海域4.8级、上海市青浦区3.1级和山东德州市平原县5.5级地震,同济大学监测台网的4个测站捕获了这5次地震的场地和典型结构加速度信号,分析了各次地震作用下场地和典型结构的加速度信号的峰值及持时,探讨了各次地震信号的反应谱特征,对照设计反应谱曲线的第一特征段和第二特征段,对这5次周边区域地震对上海市的影响进行评价。

岩溶区土洞对自由场地震动放大效应的影响

岩溶区土洞的发育改变了自由场的地震工程地质条件,从而影响了地表地震动力响应结果。为探讨岩溶区土洞对地震动场地效应的影响,设计并构建典型岩溶区土洞自由场地,利用有限差分法开展了不同地震动输入条件下的含土洞场地的地震反应分析。通过与自由场地震反应分析结果对比可知:(1)土洞的存在阻碍了地震波的传播,从而使得地表中心点峰值加速度显著减小,随着输入地震动峰值增大,土洞的影响范围增大,土洞附近地表峰值加速度呈现出先增大后减小,最后逐渐趋向于自由场;(2)土洞的存在使场地的竖向位移增大,且随输入加速度峰值增大而增大、对水平向峰值位移影响较小;(3)加速度放大系数总体呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,随输入加速度峰值增大而减小;(4)土洞的存在使得反应谱的短周期幅值减小,这种减小幅度受输入地震动峰值的影响不明显。