A Hybrid Features Based Detection Method for Inshore Ship Targets in SAR Imagery

Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs)have recently attracted much attention in the ship detection from Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR)images.However,compared with optical images,SAR ones are hard to understand.Moreover,due to the high similarity between the man-made targets near shore and inshore ships,the classical methods are unable to achieve effective detection of inshore ships.To mitigate the influence of onshore ship-like objects,this paper proposes an inshore ship detection method in SAR images by using hybrid features.Firstly,the sea-land segmentation is applied in the pre-processing to exclude obvious land regions from SAR images.Then,a CNN model is designed to extract deep features for identifying potential ship targets in both inshore and offshore water.On this basis,the high-energy point number of amplitude spectrum is further introduced as an important and delicate feature to suppress false alarms left.Finally,to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method,numerical and comparative studies are carried out in experiments on Sentinel-1 SAR images.

Wear monitoring method of water-lubricated polymer thrust bearing based on ultrasonic reflection coefficient amplitude spectrum

The water-lubricated thrust bearings of the marine rim-driven thruster(RDT)are usually composed of polymer composites,which are prone to serious wear under harsh working conditions.Ultrasonic is an excellent non-destructive monitoring technology,but polymer materials are characterized by viscoelasticity,heterogeneity,and large acoustic attenuation,making it challenging to extract ultrasonic echo signals.Therefore,this paper proposes a wear monitoring method based on the amplitude spectrum of the ultrasonic reflection coefficient.The effects of bearing parameters,objective function,and algorithm parameters on the identification results are simulated and analyzed.Taking the correlation coefficient and root mean square error as the matching parameters,the thickness,sound velocity,density,and attenuation factor of the bearing are inversed simultaneously by utilizing the differential evolution algorithm(DEA),and the wear measurement system is constructed.In order to verify the identification accuracy of this method,an accelerated wear test under heavy load was executed on a multi-functional vertical water lubrication test rig with poly-ether-etherketone(PEEK)fixed pad and stainless-steel thrust collar as the object.The thickness of pad was measured using the high-precision spiral micrometer and ultrasonic testing system,respectively.Ultimately,the results demonstrate that the thickness identification error of this method is approximately 1%,and in-situ monitoring ability will be realized in the future,which is of great significance to the life prediction of bearings.

Microtremor-based analysis of the dynamic response characteristics of a site containing grouped earth fissures

In this study,the Beibu earth fissure site in the northeastern part of Weihe Basin,which contains four nearly parallel earth fissures,was studied.A long straight microtremor measuring line,containing 49 measuring points across four earth fissures,was established to investigate the dynamic response of this site using Fourier spectrum,response acceleration spectrum,Arias intensity,and HVSR analyses.The main results are as follows:(1)The fundamental frequencies of 44 measuring points obtained from HVSR analysis are concentrated within 1.67 Hz-2.25 Hz,and the existence of the earth fissures has little effect on the fundamental frequency changes.(2)There is an amplification effect near a single earth fissure.The dynamic responses are large at the measuring points near the earth fissure,and the values decrease with increasing distance from the earth fissure.In areas between two adjacent earth fissures,these values decrease and are even lower than those in sites without amplification effects.(3)In this earth fissure site,the general area(or less affected area)and affected areas were delineated based on the amplification effect.In engineering applications,construction design should avoid these affected areas and existing structures should be reinforced to satisfy the seismic fortification requirements.

An adaptive over/under data combination method

The traditional ＂dephase and sum＂ algorithms for over/under data combination estimate the ghost operator by assuming a calm sea surface. However, the real sea surface is typically rough, which invalidates the calm sea surface assumption. Hence, the traditional ＂dephase and sum＂ algorithms might produce poor-quality results in rough sea conditions. We propose an adaptive over/under data combination method, which adaptively estimates the amplitude spectrum of the ghost operator from the over/under data, and then over/under data combinations are implemented using the estimated ghost operators. A synthetic single shot gather is used to verify the performance of the proposed method in rough sea surface conditions and a real triple over/under dataset demonstrates the method performance.

Experimental Study on Crescent Waves Diffracted by A Circular Cylinder

Crescent waves often observed on the sea surface are unusual wave pattern induced by the instability of Stokes wave.The paper presents the experimental results of the wave field around a circular cylinder generated by the diffraction of crescent wave in order to examine the difference of diffracted crescent waves from the commonly-used diffracted Stokes waves. The results show that with the existence of the cylinder, the crescent wave pattern can still get fully developed, and with the presence of this type of wave pattern, the symmetry breaking of the wave amplitude distribution occurs and there are extra wave components at the frequencies of 0.5 ω;, 1.5ω;and 2.5ω;（ω;is the frequency of Stokes waves） appearing in the wave amplitude spectrum.

Experimental study on modulational instability and evolution of crescent waves

A series of experiments on the instability of steeP water wave trains in water with finite water depths and infinite water depths in a wide wave basin were performed. It was found that under the coupled development of modulational instability and class-Ⅱ instability, the initial two-dimensional steep wave trains evolved into three＇dimensional crescent waves, followed by the occurrence of disordered water surfaces, and that the wave energy transferred to sidebands in the amplitude spectrum of the water surface elevation. The results also show that water depth has a significant effect on the growth of modulational instability and the evolutiin of crescent waves. The larger the water depth, the more quickly the modulational instability suppresses class-II instability.

Application of cepstral analysis to thin beds

This paper provides a detailed description of the cepstrum and its application to computing the thickness of thin beds.By building several models,including models with a single reflection pair,a single layer,wedge model and multi-layered models,and comparing the cepstrum computed for all of them to the actual spacing values we conclude that the results of cepstral analysis are more accurate in predicting the thickness of the thin bed structures.

Investigation on regional attenuation of Vrancea (Romania) intermediate-depth earthquakes

This paper aims at investigating possible regional attenuation patterns in the case of Vrancea（Romania） intermediate-depth earthquakes.Almost 500 pairs of horizontal components recorded during 13 intermediate-depth Vrancea earthquakes are employed in order to evaluate the regional attenuation patterns.The recordings are grouped according to the azimuth with regard to the Vrancea seismic source and subsequently,Q models are computed for each azimuthal zone assuming similar geometrical spreading.Moreover,the local soil amplification which was disregarded in a previous analysis performed for Vrancea intermediate-depth earthquakes is now clearly evaluated.The results show minor differences between the four regions situated in front of the Carpathian Mountains and considerable differences in attenuation of seismic waves between the forearc and backarc regions（with regard to the Carpathian Mountains）.Consequently,an average Q model of the type Q（f） = 115×f^1.25 is obtained for the four forearc regions,while a separate Q model of the type Q（f） = 70×f^0.90 is computed for the backarc region.These results highlight the need to evaluate the seismic hazard of Romania by using ground motion models which take into account the different attenuation between the forearc/backarc regions.

Non-destructive Evaluation of Absolute Stress in Steel Members Using Shear-Wave Spectroscopy

Non-destructive measurement of absolute stress in steel members can provide useful information to optimize the design of steel structures and allow the safety of existing structures to be evaluated.This paper investigates the non-destructive capability of ultrasonic shear-wave spectroscopy in absolute stress evaluation of steel members.The effect of steel-member stress on the shear-wave amplitude spectrum is investigated,and a method of absolute stress measurement is proposed.Specifically,the process for evaluating absolute stress using shear-wave spectroscopy is summarized.Two steel members are employed to investigate the relationship between the stress and the frequency in shear-wave echo amplitude spectrum.The H-beam loaded by the universal testing machine is evaluated by the proposed method and the traditional strain gauge method for verification.The results show that the proposed method is effective and accurate for determining absolute stress in steel members.

Tri-frequency spectrum method and results for resolving the parameters of Earth's liquid core free nutation

The parameters of Earth free core nutation (FCN) are two relatively significant geophysical parameters. Sasao et al. (1980) and Wahr and Bergen (1986) provided the theoretical estimation values of FCN parameters. Gwinn, Herring and Shapiro (1987) first obtained the observational values of FCN parameters by very long base Interference (VLBI) at Cambridge University. In the same year, Neuberg and Zurn in former West Germany and Hinderer in France began to retrieve FCN parameters by the observation of gravity tides and introduced the stacking method. The other scholars who researched into the same geophysical problems by applying the data of gravity tides basically followed the stacking method. The results they reached were similar to the observational result of FCN parameters given by Neuberg et al. in 1987. But the observational results of FCN parameters gained from gravity tides were not identical with those from VLBI, mainly because of the large difference of quality of FCN. So there was not an affirmative observational result of FCN parameters since then. In this paper, The authors firstly introduce the tri-frequency spectrum method with clearly geometrical and geophysical meaning for the resolution of FCN parameters , and the observational results of FCN parameters obtained from tide data at three superconducting gravity stations were accordant with those from VLBI, which will be relatively important to arriving at a certain observational result of FCN parameters.

New Explorations on Cannon's Contributions and Generalized Solutions for Uniform Linear Motion Blur Identification

Existing frequency-domain-oriented methods of parameter identification for uniform linear motion blur （ULMB） images usually dealt with special scenarios. For example, blur-kernel directions were horizontal or vertical, or degraded images were of foursquare dimension. This excludes those identification methods from being applied to real images, especially to estimate undersized or oversized blur kernels. Pointing against the limitations of blur-kernel identifications, discrete Fourier transform （DFT）-based blur-kernel estimation methods are proposed in this paper. We analyze in depth the Fourier frequency response of generalized ULMB kernels, demonstrate in detail its related phase form and properties thereof, and put forward the concept of quasi-cepstrum. On this basis, methods of estimating ULMB-kernel parameters using amplitude spectrum and quasi-cepstrum are presented, respectively. The quasi-cepstrum-oriented approach increases the identifiable blur-kernel length, up to a maximum of half the diagonal length of the image. Meanwhile, directing toward the image of undersized ULMB, an improved method based on quasi-cepstrum is presented, which ameliorates the identification quality of undersized ULMB kernels. The quasi-cepstrum-oriented approach popularizes and applies the simulation-experiment- focused DFT theory to the estimation of real ULMB images. Compared against the amplitude-spectrum-oriented method, the quasi-cepstrum-oriented approach is more convenient and robust, with lower identification errors and of better noiseimmunity.