Parameters in wind-wave frequency spectra and their bearings on spectrum forms and growth

The spectrum variance m0, peak frequency ω0 and peakness factor p are expressed in terms of nondimensional fetch and duration by making use of relations which are derived through comparing and analyzing existing empirical formulas for the growth of significant wave height and period. The main features of spectrum growth as specified by these parameters agree with those of the JONS-WAP experiments. For given wind speed and fetch, the high frequency parts beyond the peaks of shallow water spectra almost coincide with that of the corresponding deep water spectrum, whereas the low frequency parts differ appreciably. The method developed in this paper predicts smaller significant wave height as well as smaller wave period for shallow water spectra in contrast to the theoretical result of Kitaigorodskii ef al, in which the peak frequency, and consequently the significant wave period, remains basically unchanged for different water depths. Spectra are further reduced to a form in which only significant wave height and period are left as parameters, the peakness factor being replaced by the wave steepness through an empirical relation between them. Spectra in this form have been verified by observations.

Spectrum of the Open Asymmetric Simple Exclusion Process with Arbitrary Boundary Parameters

We study the one-dimensional asymmetric simple exclusion process （ASEP） with generic open boundaries （in- cluding current-counting deformation）, and obtain the exact solutions of this ASEP via the off-diagonal Bethe ansatz method. In particular, numerical results for the small size asymmetric simple exclusion process indicate that the spectrum obtained by the Bethe ansatz equations is complete. Moreover, we present the eigenvalue of the totally asymmetric exclusion process and the corresponding Bethe ansatz equations.

Energy Spectrum for a Short-Range 1/r Singular Potential with a Non-Orbital Barrier Using the Asymptotic Iteration Method

Using the asymptotic iteration method, we obtain the S-wave solution for a short-range three-parameter central potential with 1/r singularity and with a non-orbital barrier. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt at calculating the energy spectrum for this potential, which was introduced by H. Bahlouli and A. D. Alhaidari and for which they obtained the “potential parameter spectrum”. Our results are also independently verified using a direct method of diagonalizing the Hamiltonian matrix in the J-matrix basis.

Spectral properties of Nd-doped BiB_3O_6 crystal

Transparent Nd: BiB3O6 crystal has been grown by top-seeded method. The refraction indices of the crystal were measured and the parameters of chromatic dispersion were fitted. The room temperature absorption spectra of the crystal have been measured and compared with that of 0.2 mol/L NdCl3 solution. According to Judd-Ofelt (JO) theory, the spectral strength parameters Ω2 = 0.1776×10?20 cm2, Ω4 = 0.1282?10?201 cm2 and Ω6 = 0.1357X10-20 cm2 of Nd3+ ion were fitted. The radiative transition probabilities AJ,J’, oscillator strengths fJ,J’, radiative lifetime rand the branching ratio βJ’ have all been calculated. Based on these parameters, the properties and application perspective are discussed.

Studies on Thermodynamics Features of the Interaction between Imidacloprid and Bovine Serum Albumin

At different temperatures, the interactions between imidacloprid （IMI） and bovine serum albumin （BSA） were investigated with a fluorescence quenching spectrum, a synchronous fluorescence spectrum, a three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum and an ultraviolet-visible spectrum. The average values of bonding constants （KLB： 3.424 × 10^4 L,mol^-1）, thermodynamic parameters （△H： 5.188 kJ,mol^-1, △G^（○—）：-26.36 kJ,mol^-1, △S： 103.9 J,K^-1,mol^-1） and the numbers of bonding sites （n： 1.156） could be obtained through Stern-Volmer, Lineweaver-Burk and ther- modynamic equations. It was shown that the fluorescence of BSA could be quenched for its reactions with IMI to form a certain kind of new compound. The quenching belonged to a static fluorescence quenching, with a non-radiation energy transfer happening within a single molecule. The thermodynamic parameters agree with △H〉 0, △S〉0 and△G^（○-）〈0, suggesting that the binding power between IMI and BSA should be mainly a hydrophobic interaction.

A NUMERICAL MODEL OF MIXED CONVECTIVESTRATIFORM CLOUD

A 2-D slab-symmetric model of mixed convective-stratiform cloud is developed by superimposing convective cloud-size field on the convergence field,in order to simulate and study the mixed clouds consisting of stratiform cloud and convective cloud.A deep convective,anelastic and conservative system of equations with basic variables(V,θ,π')is solved by a new method to calculate dynamic field.The water substance in the cloud is divided into 6 categories and the microphysical processes are described in spectrum with two variable parameters and more reasonable particle number/size distributions.To compare with measured radar echo intensity and structure,the model may calculate echo intensity of the model cloud observed by radar.

Effects of Cu stress on physiological,biochemical,and spectral properties of wheat at different growth stages

To study the mechanism of Cu toxicity on wheat,the characteristics of Cu stress in pivotal growth periods of wheat were explored by field planting methods.The results showed that at the tillering stage,the concentrations of Cu in the leaf cell fluid were significantly higher than those in the cell wall,and the Cu was primarily enriched in cell fluid.At the jointing and heading stages,the Cu concentration in the leaf cell wall was significantly higher than that in the cell fluid,and the main enrichment was transferred to the cell wall.During the above three growth stages,no Cu was discovered in leaf organelles.Further studies showed that the total soluble protein content in wheat leaves at the tillering and jointing stages showed a trend of first rising and then falling with increased Cu dosage.At the heading stage,under low and medium Cu stress,the total soluble protein content showed no remarkable change.Malondialdehyde(MDA)content at the tillering stage increased with the increase of Cu concentration in the soil,while MDA content did not change noticeably at the jointing and heading stages.At the tillering and heading stages,the low concentrations of Cu increased peroxidase(POD)activity.The POD activity decreased gradually with the increased Cu concentration.However,at the high concentrations of Cu,there was no significant difference in the activity of POD.At the jointing stage,the POD activity did not change significantly under the low Cu stress while it was evidently inhibited under high Cu stress.Based on the above studies,further analyses on the correlation between canopy spectral characteristics and the Cu accumulation at different growth stages of leaf cells were performed,and a new combined index SIPI/NDVI705 performed well in Cu content prediction.The results showed that at different growth stages,different sensitive spectral characteristic parameters should be used to predict the Cu content in leaf cells.

Remote Detection of Hydrocarbon Microseepage in a Loess Covered Area

Hydrocarbon microseepage can result in related near-surface mineral alterations.In this study,we evaluated the potential of detecting these alterations with field measured and satellite acquired hyperspectral data.Fourteen soil samples and reflectance spectra were collected in the Xifeng Oilfield,a loess covered area.Soil samples were analyzed in the laboratory for calcite,dolomite,kaolinite,illite,and mixedlayer illite/smectite content,and we processed reflectance spectra for continuum removal to derive clay and carbonate mineral absorption depth(H).High correlation between absorption depth and mineral content was shown for clay and mineral carbonate with field measured spectra.Based on the result for the field spectra,we proposed and tested a fast index based on the absorption depth of clay and carbonate minerals with a hyperspectral image of the area.The detected hydrocarbon microseepage anomalies matched well with those shown in the geological map.

Analysis of the Microphysical Properties of a Stratiform Rain Event Using an L-Band Profiler Radar

This paper investigates spatial and temporal distributions of the microphysical properties of precipitating stratiform clouds based on Doppler spectra of rain particles observed by an L-band profiler radar.The retrieval of raindrop size distributions（RSDs） is accomplished through eliminating vertical air motion and isolating the terminal fall velocity of raindrops in the observed Doppler velocity spectrum.The microphysical properties of raindrops in a broad stratiform region with weak convective cells are studied using data collected from a 1320-MHz wind profiler radar in Huayin,Shaanxi Province on 14 May 2009.RSDs and gamma function parameters are retrieved at altitudes between 700 and 3000 m above the surface,below a melting layer.It is found that the altitude of the maximum number of raindrops was closely related to the surface rain rate.The maximum number of large drops was observed at lower altitudes earlier in the precipitation event but at higher altitudes in later periods,suggesting decreases in the numbers of large and medium size raindrops.These decreases may have been caused by the breakup of larger drops and evaporation of smaller drops as they fell.The number of medium size drops decreased with increasing altitude.The relationship between reflectivity and liquid water content during this precipitation event was Z = 1.69×10~4M^（1.5）,and the relationship between reflectivity and rain intensity was Z = 256I^（1.4）.