It is well known that the sea return echo contains contributions from at least two scattering mechanisms. In addition to the resonant Bragg scattering, the specular point scattering plays an important role as the inci...It is well known that the sea return echo contains contributions from at least two scattering mechanisms. In addition to the resonant Bragg scattering, the specular point scattering plays an important role as the incidence angle becomes smaller （≥ 20°）. Here, in combination with the Kirchhoff integral equation of scattering field and the stationary phase approximation, analytical expressions for Doppler shift and spectral bandwidth of specular point scattering, which are insensitive to the polarization state, are derived theoretically. For comparison, the simulated results related to the two-scale method （TSM） and the method of moment （MOM） are also presented. It is found that the Doppler shift and the spectral bandwidth given by TSM are insufficient at small incidence angles. However, a comparison between the analytical results and the numerical simulations by MOM in the backscatter configuration shows that our proposed formulas are valid for the specular point scattering case. In this work, the dependences of the predicted results on incidence angle, radar frequency, and wind speed are also discussed. The obtained conclusions seem promising for a better understanding of the Doppler spectra of the specular point scattering fields from time-varying sea surfaces.展开更多
近年来,利用全球卫星导航反射信号(global navigation satellite system reflectometry,GNSS-R)进行遥感应用已经成为遥感领域的新技术。镜面反射点是星载GNSS-R遥感测量和建模的主要参考点,其估算的精度和速度对GNSS-R遥感有着显著影...近年来,利用全球卫星导航反射信号(global navigation satellite system reflectometry,GNSS-R)进行遥感应用已经成为遥感领域的新技术。镜面反射点是星载GNSS-R遥感测量和建模的主要参考点,其估算的精度和速度对GNSS-R遥感有着显著影响。提出了星载GNSS-R接收机测量中GNSS-R镜面反射点的快速估算方法。首先,总结了镜面反射点的几何特征。根据几何特征,进行了镜面反射点的粗估算。然后,提出了基于角平分线变步长校正精确估算镜面反射点的位置,并通过迭代实现了镜面反射点的精确定位。最后,通过仿真实验验证了所提算法具有较好的准确性和快速性。展开更多
利用全球导航卫星反射信号(Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry,GNSS-R)进行海洋环境要素探测已成为国内外遥感领域一大热点。镜面反射点作为GNSS-R遥感探测的坐标基准,其预测的精度与速度对后续环境要素的反演有着显著...利用全球导航卫星反射信号(Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry,GNSS-R)进行海洋环境要素探测已成为国内外遥感领域一大热点。镜面反射点作为GNSS-R遥感探测的坐标基准,其预测的精度与速度对后续环境要素的反演有着显著影响。针对星载GNSS-R实时预测高精度镜面反射点的需求,提出了一种基于AdaGrad优化的GNSS-R镜面反射点自适应预测算法。利用空间几何关系对镜面反射点进行粗略估计,通过预处理后利用AdaGrad优化寻找镜面反射点的最优解,仿真实验证明算法的精确性、高效性。展开更多
As a new remote sensing technology, the global navigation satellite system（GNSS） reflection signals can be used to collect the information of ocean surface wind, surface roughness and sea surface height. Ocean altim...As a new remote sensing technology, the global navigation satellite system（GNSS） reflection signals can be used to collect the information of ocean surface wind, surface roughness and sea surface height. Ocean altimetry based on GNSS reflection technique is of low cost and it is easy to obtain large amounts of data thanks to the global navigation satellite constellation. We can estimate the sea surface height as well as the position of the specular reflection point. This paper focuses on the study of the algorithm to determine the specular reflection point and altimetry equations to estimate the sea surface height over the reflection region. We derive the error equation of sea surface height based on the error propagation theory. Effects of the Doppler shift and the size of the glistening zone on the altimetry are discussed and analyzed at the same time. Finally, we calculate the sea surface height based on the simulated GNSS data within the whole day and verify the sea surface height errors according to the satellite elevation angles. The results show that the sea surface height can reach the precision of 6 cm for elevation angles of 55° to 90°, and the theoretical error and the calculated error are in good agreement.展开更多
基金Project supported by the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.40906088)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education,China(Grant No.200804231021)
文摘It is well known that the sea return echo contains contributions from at least two scattering mechanisms. In addition to the resonant Bragg scattering, the specular point scattering plays an important role as the incidence angle becomes smaller （≥ 20°）. Here, in combination with the Kirchhoff integral equation of scattering field and the stationary phase approximation, analytical expressions for Doppler shift and spectral bandwidth of specular point scattering, which are insensitive to the polarization state, are derived theoretically. For comparison, the simulated results related to the two-scale method （TSM） and the method of moment （MOM） are also presented. It is found that the Doppler shift and the spectral bandwidth given by TSM are insufficient at small incidence angles. However, a comparison between the analytical results and the numerical simulations by MOM in the backscatter configuration shows that our proposed formulas are valid for the specular point scattering case. In this work, the dependences of the predicted results on incidence angle, radar frequency, and wind speed are also discussed. The obtained conclusions seem promising for a better understanding of the Doppler spectra of the specular point scattering fields from time-varying sea surfaces.
文摘近年来,利用全球卫星导航反射信号(global navigation satellite system reflectometry,GNSS-R)进行遥感应用已经成为遥感领域的新技术。镜面反射点是星载GNSS-R遥感测量和建模的主要参考点,其估算的精度和速度对GNSS-R遥感有着显著影响。提出了星载GNSS-R接收机测量中GNSS-R镜面反射点的快速估算方法。首先,总结了镜面反射点的几何特征。根据几何特征,进行了镜面反射点的粗估算。然后,提出了基于角平分线变步长校正精确估算镜面反射点的位置,并通过迭代实现了镜面反射点的精确定位。最后,通过仿真实验验证了所提算法具有较好的准确性和快速性。
文摘利用全球导航卫星反射信号(Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry,GNSS-R)进行海洋环境要素探测已成为国内外遥感领域一大热点。镜面反射点作为GNSS-R遥感探测的坐标基准,其预测的精度与速度对后续环境要素的反演有着显著影响。针对星载GNSS-R实时预测高精度镜面反射点的需求,提出了一种基于AdaGrad优化的GNSS-R镜面反射点自适应预测算法。利用空间几何关系对镜面反射点进行粗略估计,通过预处理后利用AdaGrad优化寻找镜面反射点的最优解,仿真实验证明算法的精确性、高效性。
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41374009)the Shandong Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.ZR2013DM009)+3 种基金the National Basic Research Program of China(973 ProgramGrant No.2013CB733302)the Public Benefit Scientific Research Project of China(Grant No.201412001)the SDUST Research Fund(Grant No.2014TDJH101)
文摘As a new remote sensing technology, the global navigation satellite system（GNSS） reflection signals can be used to collect the information of ocean surface wind, surface roughness and sea surface height. Ocean altimetry based on GNSS reflection technique is of low cost and it is easy to obtain large amounts of data thanks to the global navigation satellite constellation. We can estimate the sea surface height as well as the position of the specular reflection point. This paper focuses on the study of the algorithm to determine the specular reflection point and altimetry equations to estimate the sea surface height over the reflection region. We derive the error equation of sea surface height based on the error propagation theory. Effects of the Doppler shift and the size of the glistening zone on the altimetry are discussed and analyzed at the same time. Finally, we calculate the sea surface height based on the simulated GNSS data within the whole day and verify the sea surface height errors according to the satellite elevation angles. The results show that the sea surface height can reach the precision of 6 cm for elevation angles of 55° to 90°, and the theoretical error and the calculated error are in good agreement.
