Speeding up the Development of Space Industry to Meet the New Challenge

This paper discusses the urgency to further develop China’s space technological industry;analyzes the gaps between China and other advanced countries in space industry,including technological level,development scale,application scope and investment;describes the current severe situation that the China’s space industry is faced with and proposes the overall objective,guiding principles and major tasks of China’s space technological sector in the Ninth-Five Year Plan and the coming decade.Finally,it proposes some policies and effective measures to speed up the development of China’s space industry to meet the challenge in the 21st century.

Shanxi Province Speeds up Development

Shanxi Province in North China enjoys exceptional advantages in its economic development. —Rich mineral resources. There are over 120 kinds of proven mineral deposits of which six rank first in the country’s reserves. The coal reserves stand at more than 260 billion tons, one third of the country’s proven reserves. The coal is high in quality with low ash, low sulphur and low phosphorus content and high calorific capacity. About 57,000 sq. km of the province’s area is covered with over 6,200 coal mines, 37% of

Evaluation of Early High Speed Development of Bottom Water Heavy Oil Reservoir

The bottom water heavy oil reservoir has high natural energy, and the bottom water body multiple of the reservoir is 300 times or even higher. The natural energy of the reservoir can keep the superior condition that the formation energy does not decrease under the condition of large liquid volume and high recovery rate. In view of this reservoir condition, we take C oilfield as an example to carry out the oilfield development effect under the condition of large liquid volume and high-speed production, and analyze the influence of high-speed production and medium low-speed production on recovery rate of similar heavy oil bottom water-reservoir. The results show that the rising trend of water cut in oilfield is the same whether high-speed development with large liquid volume or conventional low-speed development is adopted. Under the condition of high liquid production, the sweep efficiency of water flooding is high in the same period of time, which has certain advantages of enhanced oil recovery. The development mode of early large liquid production is explored, which provides certain guidance for the efficient development of heavy oil reservoir with bottom water.

High Speed Development of Zhangjiagang's Economy

Zhangjiagang, located on the southern side of the lower reaches of the Yangtse River, is a coastal industrial city that in emerging is the process of the country’s reform and opening-up drive. The city enjoys an ideal location as it is in the economically-developed region composed of Suzhou., Wuxi and Changzhou, with Shanghai to the east, Wuxi to the west, Suzhou to the south and Nantong to the north. Since it was upgraded into a city in 1986, Zhangjiagang has been taking advantage of its

Speeding Up the Transformation of the Operational Mechanism And Further Developing the International Market

According to customs statistics, China’s exports of machinery and electric products in 1996 were worth US$ 48.21 billion, an increase of 9.9 percent over the preceding year, and 8.4 percent higher than the growth rate of the nation’s total exports. The proportion of machinery and electric product exports in the nation’s total foreign trade volume\ increased from 29.5 percent in 1995 to 31.9 percent in 1996, a growth at 2.4 percent.

A Step to Speed up Petroleum Exploration and Development in Tarim Basin

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To Speed up the Development and Industrialization of Natural Drugs in China

1.The Current Situation Facing China's accession to the WTO,our pharmaceutical industries must prepare to meet extremely strong competition,because 97% of the synthetic medicines and antibiotics marketed in the country are copies of foreign products.

Selecting method of districts with science and technology program’s priority support and its positive analysis

According to growth pole theory, this paper puts forward that when allocating regional science and technology (S&T) innovation resources based on S&T program, should abide the principle that important area receives priority support; Meanwhile, it designs method to ascertain district S&T advantage and S&T innovation resources utilizing efficiency as well as S&T developing speed by using component analysis and DEA method, and then constructs three-dimension selecting model,by which a positive research on Heilongjiang is made, the purpose of which is to offer scientific method support and decision-making foundation for making regional S&T program.

Underwater pulsed spark discharge influenced by the relative position between the top of a pin electrode and an insulating tube

Needle-to-plane geometry has been widely investigated and used in underwater pulsed discharges.The position relationship between the needle tip and insulation layer significantly affects the discharge patterns.We carried out experiments on underwater pulsed discharge with the needle tip protruding from,recessing into,and flushing with the insulating tube.The results are as follows.First,underwater pulsed discharge has a strong randomness under the experimental conditions.Different discharge patterns appeared under the same experimental environment.Second,recession into the insulator surface led to a higher probability of occurrence but a lower strength of spark discharge than protrusion.Third,between the needle tip protruding from and recessing into the insulation material,the average speed of propagation of underwater pulsed spark discharge decreased by an order of magnitude.The study shows that the optimum length of needle tip protruding from the insulation layer is 1 mm to obtain a strong underwater pulsed spark discharge.

Multi-Scale Variation Prediction of PM2.5 Concentration Based on a Monte Carlo Method

Haze concentration prediction,especially PM2.5,has always been a significant focus of air quality research,which is necessary to start a deep study.Aimed at predicting the monthly average concentration of PM2.5 in Beijing,a novel method based on Monte Carlo model is conducted.In order to fully exploit the value of PM2.5 data,we take logarithmic processing of the original PM2.5 data and propose two different scales of the daily concentration and the daily chain development speed of PM2.5 respectively.The results show that these data are both approximately normal distribution.On the basis of the results,a Monte Carlo method can be applied to establish a probability model of normal distribution based on two different variables and random sampling numbers can also be generated by computer.Through a large number of simulation experiments,the average monthly concentration of PM2.5 in Beijing and the general trend of PM2.5 can be obtained.By comparing the errors between the real data and the predicted data,the Monte Carlo method is reliable in predicting the PM2.5 monthly mean concentration in the area.This study also provides a feasible method that may be applied in other studies to predict other pollutants with large scale time series data.

High speed continuous turning of hardened steel with newly developed low content PCBN

In this study,newly developed low content PCBN was used to evaluate the cutting performance in high speed turning of hardened steel.Using new PCBN and commercially available PCBN tipped inserts under the same cutting condition,cutting performance with variable cutting speed,feed rate and depth of cuts on tools were measured by observation of flank and crater wear.Its microstructures were analyzed through SEM microscope,measurement of surface roughness on workpiece was also performed. According to cutting performance results,it is shown that new PCBN shows much longer tool life in high speed continuous turning than our conventional PCBN tools,with improved wear and chipping resistance.This result on the machinability of new PCBN for hardened steel will provide effective guidelines to manufacturing engineers,also provide useful economic machining solution for high speed continuous turning for hardened steel.

Theoretical analysis of the conical premixed flame response to upstream velocity disturbances considering flame speed development effects

The effect of upstream velocity pertuibations on the response of a premixed flame was investigated in terms of the flame transfer function dependency on excitation frequency.In this study,the assumption of constant flame speed was extended and the effect of flame speed development was considered;i.e.,the flame speed would grow with the time after ignition or with the distance from a flame-holder.In the present study,the kinematics of a conical flame was investigated by linearization of the front tracking equation of flame to uniform and convected fluctuations of the flow velocity and the response was compared with that of a V-shaped flame and the experimental data in the previous studies.The results show that the effect of flame speed development could influence a decreasing gain and increase the phase of the flame response to the uniform velocity oscillations in low and moderate frequencies.Comparing the variations in the gain of flame response upon normalized frequency,show that a conical flame has lower values than the V-flame.In other woods,these flames might be less susceptible to combustion instabilities than the V-flames.Furthennore,the variations in phase of the V-flames responses,which show a quasi-linear behavior with normalized frequency,have higher values than the saturated behavior in phase of the conical flame responses.Also,considering that the flame speed development induces an increase in the gain and phase of the conical flame response to the convected velocity oscillations in certain frequencies;because the developed flame front has longer length in comparison to the flame front in constant flame speed model.Therefore,the flame length may be longer than convective wavelength and the heat release would be generated in different points of the flame;consequently the flow oscillations might exert a stronger impact on the unsteady heat release fluctuations.

Beijing department stores speed up the development of chain operation

As the capital regional consumer market enhanced, a growing number of department stores ,supermarkets chose chain operating mode. ey occupy market by chain operation. At present, "Multi combination + differentiated management " has become a effective commercial expansion path of development. According to reporter statistics, including the Parkson shopping center, Guiyou Plaza, Blue Island, Cuiwei Plaza, Xidan shopping mall, Dangdai shopping mall , Wangfujing department store ,

BIONOMIC OF CAMPOLETIS CHLORIDEAE (HYM:ICHNEUMONIDAE)AS A PARASITOID OF THE COTTON BOLLWORM HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA (LEP:NOCTUIDAE) *

The bionomics of Campoletis chlorideae and the regularity of its seasonal fluctuations were studied in Changsha district,Hunan province. Field investigation indicated that there were ten generations of C. chlorideae a year, of which seven occurred in cotton fields. Three peaks of cotton bollworm parasitization by C. chlorideae were observed, early May to late June, mid August to early September, mid September to mid October respectively. One peak occurred in tomato and tobacco fields, the other two in cotton fields. The parasitization rate ranged from 25.1%- 63.1%. The total development time from egg to adult ranged from 13.0 days at 32℃ to 75.5 days at 11.6℃. Each wasp could parasitize the 5-23 second instar larvae of tobacco caterpillar. C. chlorideae could parasitize the cotton bollworm, beet armyworm and tobacco caterpillar, but preferred the cotton bollworm larvae. C. chlorideae could parasitized 1st-3rd instar larvae of the tobacco caterpillar, but seldom parasitzed 4th-6th instar larvae. Moreover, C. chlorideae preferred second instar larvae. Theoretical models for developmental speed, adult longevity and the influence of temperature were proposed. The overwintering of C. chlorideae Uchida was also discussed. Moreover, methods for utilization of C. chlorideae Uchida in crop protection were presented and the bionomics of Campoletis chlorideae in both the Yangtze River Valley and Yellow River Valley were compared.