This study aimed to explore the effect of fermented spent mushroom substrate(SMS) of Pleurotus eryngii as a basic material on rice seedling-raising substrate. The physical and chemical indices of the SMS indicated tha...This study aimed to explore the effect of fermented spent mushroom substrate(SMS) of Pleurotus eryngii as a basic material on rice seedling-raising substrate. The physical and chemical indices of the SMS indicated that the fermented SMS was fully composted and was very suitable for preparing rice seedling-raising substrate. The fermented SMS effectively regulated the bulk density, total porosity, aeration porosity and water-holding porosity of rice seedling-raising substrate. With the increased addition amount of fermented SMS, the bulk density of rice seedling-raising substrate was decreased, but the total porosity, aeration porosity and water-holding porosity were increased. Compared with those in the substrates of 100% soil and 100% SMS,the height, chlorophyll content, 100-shoot dry weight, 100-root dry weight, root activity, nitrogen content, phosphorus content and potassium content of rice seedlings in the substrate composed of spent mushroom substrate of P. eryngii and soil were higher.The quality of rice seedlings in the substrate composed of 20% soil and 80% SMS was best, followed by that in the substrate composed of 30% soil and 70% SMS.展开更多
In order to explore the substitution substrate for rice seedling on upland fields,this paper uses spent mushroom substrate to study the physical and chemical properties of substrate,enzymic activity and number of till...In order to explore the substitution substrate for rice seedling on upland fields,this paper uses spent mushroom substrate to study the physical and chemical properties of substrate,enzymic activity and number of tillers during the cultivation of rice seedling on upland fields.The results show that at the three stages of rice seedling cultivation( two-leaf stage,three-leaf stage,four-leaf stage),the content of organic matter and EC in spent mushroom substrate is higher than in the control soil,p H is within the range suitable for the growth of rice,and other nutrients( total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available nitrogen,available phosphorus) are slightly different in different periods;except phosphatase,there are significant differences in urease,catalase and sucrase between spent mushroom substrate and the control soil; the number of tillers under spent mushroom substrate is larger than under the control.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to examine the effects of spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus eryngii as fermentation bed padding on growth performance, intestinal microflora and immunity of weaning pigs. [Method] A total...[Objective] The paper was to examine the effects of spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus eryngii as fermentation bed padding on growth performance, intestinal microflora and immunity of weaning pigs. [Method] A total of 120 weaning piglets （DurocxLandracexYorkshire） with the average initial body weight of （8.0±0.5） kg were allocated to five dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design for 42 d, each of which was replicated three times with eight piglets per replicate （ half male and half female）. The padding for control group was 50% sawdust ＋50% rice husk; experimental group I, 100% spent mushroom substrate; experimental group II, 15% sawdust ＋15% rice husk ＋70% spent mushroom sub- strate; experimental group III, 25% sawdust ＋25% rice husk ＋50% spent mushroom substrate; and experimental group IV, 35% sawdust ＋35% rice husk ＋30% spent substrate. [Result] Except for experimental group IV, the other three experimental groups had higher average daily gain compared to the control group （P〈0.05）. The average daily feed intake in experimental group I increased obviously compared to the control group（P〈0.05）. Except for experimental group I, the diarrhea rate of weaning piglets in experimental groups II, III and IV significantly decreased compared to the control group（P〈0.05）. The number of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in colon and cecum in experimental groups I, II and III increased distinctly （P〈 0.05）, while the number of Escherichia coli and Salmonella decreased remarkably compared to the control group （P〈0.05）. The positive rates of T and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood of weaning piglets in four experimental groups were significantly higher than that in control group at 21 and 42 d post weaning （P〈0.05）. The IgA content of intestinal mucous in piglets was significantly improved in experimental groups II and III （P〈0.05）. [Conclusion] It enhances the production performance when improving immunity and reducing diarrhea rate of piglets by using spent mushroom substrate of P. eryngii as the fermentation bed padding. Experimental group III （25% sawdust ＋25% rice husk ＋50% spent mushroom substrate） is the optimal proportion of spent mushroom substrate.展开更多
Synthetic dyes are recalcitrant to degradation and toxic to different organisms. Physical-chemical treatments of textile wastewaters are not sustainable in terms of costs. Biological treatments can be more convenient ...Synthetic dyes are recalcitrant to degradation and toxic to different organisms. Physical-chemical treatments of textile wastewaters are not sustainable in terms of costs. Biological treatments can be more convenient and the lig-nin-degrading extracellular enzymatic battery of basidiomycetes are capable to discolor synthetic dyes. Many basidi-omycetes are edible mushrooms whose industrial production generates significant amount of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) with residual high levels of lignin-degrading extracellular enzymatic activities. We have demon-strated that the low cost organic substrate, the SMS deriving from the cultivation of the basidiomycetes Pleurotus ostreatus, is able to discolor anthraquinonic, diazo and monoazo-dyes when incubated in dying chromo-reactive and chromo-acid baths containing surfactants and anti-foams, where the concentrations of the different dyes are exceeding the one recovered in the corresponding wastewaters. Laccase was the lignin-degrading extracellular enzyme involved in the discolouring process. The exploitation of the low cost SMS in the treatment of textile wastewaters is proposed. Accordingly, a toxicological assessment, based on a cyto-toxicity test on a human amnion epithelial cell line (WISH) and the estimation of the germination index (GI%) of Lactuca sativa, Cucumis sativus and Sorghum bicolor, has been performed, showing the loss of toxicity of the chromo-baths after being discoloured by the SMS.展开更多
[Objective] The paper was to investigate effects on fermentation bed temperature,growth performance,diarrhea rate and digestive en-zyme activity of weaning piglets by using spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus eryngi...[Objective] The paper was to investigate effects on fermentation bed temperature,growth performance,diarrhea rate and digestive en-zyme activity of weaning piglets by using spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus eryngii as padding.[Method] A total of 120 weaning piglets（Duroc × Landrace ×Yorkshire） with average initial body weight of（8.0 ±0.5）kg were allocated to five dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design for 42 d,each of which was replicated three times with eight piglets per replicate（half male,half female）.The padding for control group was（50% sawdust ＋50% rice husk）;experimental group Ⅰ 100% spent mushroom substrate;experimental group Ⅱ（15% sawdust ＋15% rice husk ＋70% spent mushroom substrate）;experimental group Ⅲ（25% sawdust ＋25% rice husk ＋50% spent mushroom substrate）;experimental group Ⅳ（35% sawdust ＋35% rice husk ＋30% spent substrate）.[Result] There was no significant difference in surface temperature of fermentation bed between experimental groups and control group（P〉0.05）.Compared with the control group,the temperature under 20 cm of fermentation bed in ex-perimental groups I,Ⅱ and Ⅲ increased significantly（P〈0.05）.Except for experimental group Ⅳ,other three experimental groups had higher aver-age daily gain（P〈0.05） and experimental group Ⅰ had higher average daily feed intake（P〈0.05） compared to the control group.The diarrhea rate and mortality of weaning piglets in experimental groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly decreased compared with the control group（P〈0.05）.Compared with the control group,other three experimental groups had higher digestive enzyme activity in duodenal contents except for experimental group Ⅳ（P〈0.05）.[Conclusion] Spent mushroom substrate of P.eryngii can be used as fermentation bed padding,and the optimal proportion was experimental group Ⅲ.展开更多
Greenhouse summer squash is a major type of greenhouse vegetable in Shandong Province.In summer,there is a three-month idle period of greenhouse summer squash.Volvariella volvacea is a high temperature resistant high-...Greenhouse summer squash is a major type of greenhouse vegetable in Shandong Province.In summer,there is a three-month idle period of greenhouse summer squash.Volvariella volvacea is a high temperature resistant high-quality edible fungus.In practice,it is able to use the spent mushroom substrate of Flammulina velutipes to cultivate V.volvacea.In the idle period of greenhouse summer squash,cultivating V.volvacea using the spent mushroom substrate of F.velutipes has high economic and environmental benefits.The cultivation techniques mainly include the preparation of cultivation materials,preliminary preparation for the greenhouse,planting management of V.volvacea,and returning the spent mushroom substrate to the field.By comparison with the conventional summer squash planting,this technique has higher economic benefits and its application prospects will be broad.展开更多
There is an overlooked problem which increasing microbial abundance while reducing nitrogen loss during composting.This study investigated the viability of spent mushroom substrate(SMS)as conditioners in the aerobic c...There is an overlooked problem which increasing microbial abundance while reducing nitrogen loss during composting.This study investigated the viability of spent mushroom substrate(SMS)as conditioners in the aerobic composting of kitchen waste(KW)with cattle manure(CM).The variation of temperature,pH,C/N,organic matter,cellulose,hemicelluloses,germination index(GI),and microflora structure were explored to evaluate the potential in accelerating maturity and nitrogen fixation by SMS addition.The results showed that the addition of SMS accelerated the heating rate,prolonged the high temperature time,and decreased organic matter,hemicellulose,and cellulose by 17.49%,23.61%,and 18.62%,respectively.The GI reached 105.86%with SMS addition,while 74.17%was found in control treatment after composting.SMS changed the microbial community composition and increased the species abundance.Proteiniclasticum,Clostridium XI and Azomonas were dominant bacteria,which increased the retention of nitrogen,promoted organic matter degradation and reduce compost time.The study can provide a feasible strategy for nitrogen fixation in the field of organic waste recycling.展开更多
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201303080)Hubei Province Science and Technology Support Program+1 种基金China(2015BBA199)Project of Hubei Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center(2016-620-007-001)
文摘This study aimed to explore the effect of fermented spent mushroom substrate(SMS) of Pleurotus eryngii as a basic material on rice seedling-raising substrate. The physical and chemical indices of the SMS indicated that the fermented SMS was fully composted and was very suitable for preparing rice seedling-raising substrate. The fermented SMS effectively regulated the bulk density, total porosity, aeration porosity and water-holding porosity of rice seedling-raising substrate. With the increased addition amount of fermented SMS, the bulk density of rice seedling-raising substrate was decreased, but the total porosity, aeration porosity and water-holding porosity were increased. Compared with those in the substrates of 100% soil and 100% SMS,the height, chlorophyll content, 100-shoot dry weight, 100-root dry weight, root activity, nitrogen content, phosphorus content and potassium content of rice seedlings in the substrate composed of spent mushroom substrate of P. eryngii and soil were higher.The quality of rice seedlings in the substrate composed of 20% soil and 80% SMS was best, followed by that in the substrate composed of 30% soil and 70% SMS.
基金Supported by Special Research Funds for Public Service Sector(Agriculture)(201503137201303080)+1 种基金Project of Jilin Provincial Department of Science and Technology(20140307009NY)Project of Tanbian University(602014047)
文摘In order to explore the substitution substrate for rice seedling on upland fields,this paper uses spent mushroom substrate to study the physical and chemical properties of substrate,enzymic activity and number of tillers during the cultivation of rice seedling on upland fields.The results show that at the three stages of rice seedling cultivation( two-leaf stage,three-leaf stage,four-leaf stage),the content of organic matter and EC in spent mushroom substrate is higher than in the control soil,p H is within the range suitable for the growth of rice,and other nutrients( total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,available nitrogen,available phosphorus) are slightly different in different periods;except phosphatase,there are significant differences in urease,catalase and sucrase between spent mushroom substrate and the control soil; the number of tillers under spent mushroom substrate is larger than under the control.
基金Supported by General Program of Science and Technology Plan of Beijing Municipal Education Com-mission(KM201512448004)Project of Beijing Municipal Education Commission Promotion of Sci-entific and Technological Capacity of ‘Vegetable Basket’ New Production and Operation Subject”(20150203-5)Doctoral Fund of Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture(XY-BS-15-01)
文摘[Objective] The paper was to examine the effects of spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus eryngii as fermentation bed padding on growth performance, intestinal microflora and immunity of weaning pigs. [Method] A total of 120 weaning piglets （DurocxLandracexYorkshire） with the average initial body weight of （8.0±0.5） kg were allocated to five dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design for 42 d, each of which was replicated three times with eight piglets per replicate （ half male and half female）. The padding for control group was 50% sawdust ＋50% rice husk; experimental group I, 100% spent mushroom substrate; experimental group II, 15% sawdust ＋15% rice husk ＋70% spent mushroom sub- strate; experimental group III, 25% sawdust ＋25% rice husk ＋50% spent mushroom substrate; and experimental group IV, 35% sawdust ＋35% rice husk ＋30% spent substrate. [Result] Except for experimental group IV, the other three experimental groups had higher average daily gain compared to the control group （P〈0.05）. The average daily feed intake in experimental group I increased obviously compared to the control group（P〈0.05）. Except for experimental group I, the diarrhea rate of weaning piglets in experimental groups II, III and IV significantly decreased compared to the control group（P〈0.05）. The number of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in colon and cecum in experimental groups I, II and III increased distinctly （P〈 0.05）, while the number of Escherichia coli and Salmonella decreased remarkably compared to the control group （P〈0.05）. The positive rates of T and B lymphocytes in peripheral blood of weaning piglets in four experimental groups were significantly higher than that in control group at 21 and 42 d post weaning （P〈0.05）. The IgA content of intestinal mucous in piglets was significantly improved in experimental groups II and III （P〈0.05）. [Conclusion] It enhances the production performance when improving immunity and reducing diarrhea rate of piglets by using spent mushroom substrate of P. eryngii as the fermentation bed padding. Experimental group III （25% sawdust ＋25% rice husk ＋50% spent mushroom substrate） is the optimal proportion of spent mushroom substrate.
文摘Synthetic dyes are recalcitrant to degradation and toxic to different organisms. Physical-chemical treatments of textile wastewaters are not sustainable in terms of costs. Biological treatments can be more convenient and the lig-nin-degrading extracellular enzymatic battery of basidiomycetes are capable to discolor synthetic dyes. Many basidi-omycetes are edible mushrooms whose industrial production generates significant amount of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) with residual high levels of lignin-degrading extracellular enzymatic activities. We have demon-strated that the low cost organic substrate, the SMS deriving from the cultivation of the basidiomycetes Pleurotus ostreatus, is able to discolor anthraquinonic, diazo and monoazo-dyes when incubated in dying chromo-reactive and chromo-acid baths containing surfactants and anti-foams, where the concentrations of the different dyes are exceeding the one recovered in the corresponding wastewaters. Laccase was the lignin-degrading extracellular enzyme involved in the discolouring process. The exploitation of the low cost SMS in the treatment of textile wastewaters is proposed. Accordingly, a toxicological assessment, based on a cyto-toxicity test on a human amnion epithelial cell line (WISH) and the estimation of the germination index (GI%) of Lactuca sativa, Cucumis sativus and Sorghum bicolor, has been performed, showing the loss of toxicity of the chromo-baths after being discoloured by the SMS.
基金Supported by General Program of Science and Technology Plan of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KM201512448004)Project of Beijing Municipal Education Commission "Promotion of Scientific and Technological Capacity of ‘Vegetable Basket’ New Production and Operation Subject"(20150203-5)Doctoral Fund of Beijing Vocational College of Agriculture(XY-BS-15-01)
文摘[Objective] The paper was to investigate effects on fermentation bed temperature,growth performance,diarrhea rate and digestive en-zyme activity of weaning piglets by using spent mushroom substrate of Pleurotus eryngii as padding.[Method] A total of 120 weaning piglets（Duroc × Landrace ×Yorkshire） with average initial body weight of（8.0 ±0.5）kg were allocated to five dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design for 42 d,each of which was replicated three times with eight piglets per replicate（half male,half female）.The padding for control group was（50% sawdust ＋50% rice husk）;experimental group Ⅰ 100% spent mushroom substrate;experimental group Ⅱ（15% sawdust ＋15% rice husk ＋70% spent mushroom substrate）;experimental group Ⅲ（25% sawdust ＋25% rice husk ＋50% spent mushroom substrate）;experimental group Ⅳ（35% sawdust ＋35% rice husk ＋30% spent substrate）.[Result] There was no significant difference in surface temperature of fermentation bed between experimental groups and control group（P〉0.05）.Compared with the control group,the temperature under 20 cm of fermentation bed in ex-perimental groups I,Ⅱ and Ⅲ increased significantly（P〈0.05）.Except for experimental group Ⅳ,other three experimental groups had higher aver-age daily gain（P〈0.05） and experimental group Ⅰ had higher average daily feed intake（P〈0.05） compared to the control group.The diarrhea rate and mortality of weaning piglets in experimental groups Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ were significantly decreased compared with the control group（P〈0.05）.Compared with the control group,other three experimental groups had higher digestive enzyme activity in duodenal contents except for experimental group Ⅳ（P〈0.05）.[Conclusion] Spent mushroom substrate of P.eryngii can be used as fermentation bed padding,and the optimal proportion was experimental group Ⅲ.
基金Sub-topics of National Key R&D program(2016YFD201306-03)Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2016B09).
文摘Greenhouse summer squash is a major type of greenhouse vegetable in Shandong Province.In summer,there is a three-month idle period of greenhouse summer squash.Volvariella volvacea is a high temperature resistant high-quality edible fungus.In practice,it is able to use the spent mushroom substrate of Flammulina velutipes to cultivate V.volvacea.In the idle period of greenhouse summer squash,cultivating V.volvacea using the spent mushroom substrate of F.velutipes has high economic and environmental benefits.The cultivation techniques mainly include the preparation of cultivation materials,preliminary preparation for the greenhouse,planting management of V.volvacea,and returning the spent mushroom substrate to the field.By comparison with the conventional summer squash planting,this technique has higher economic benefits and its application prospects will be broad.
基金funded by the Key Research and Development Projects of Heilongjiang Province(Grant No.2022ZX02C14)the Technological Project of Heilongjiang Province“the Open Competition Mechanism to Select the Best Candidates”(Grant No.2022ZXJ05C01)National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFD1501000)。
文摘There is an overlooked problem which increasing microbial abundance while reducing nitrogen loss during composting.This study investigated the viability of spent mushroom substrate(SMS)as conditioners in the aerobic composting of kitchen waste(KW)with cattle manure(CM).The variation of temperature,pH,C/N,organic matter,cellulose,hemicelluloses,germination index(GI),and microflora structure were explored to evaluate the potential in accelerating maturity and nitrogen fixation by SMS addition.The results showed that the addition of SMS accelerated the heating rate,prolonged the high temperature time,and decreased organic matter,hemicellulose,and cellulose by 17.49%,23.61%,and 18.62%,respectively.The GI reached 105.86%with SMS addition,while 74.17%was found in control treatment after composting.SMS changed the microbial community composition and increased the species abundance.Proteiniclasticum,Clostridium XI and Azomonas were dominant bacteria,which increased the retention of nitrogen,promoted organic matter degradation and reduce compost time.The study can provide a feasible strategy for nitrogen fixation in the field of organic waste recycling.
