Spin pumping by higher-order dipole-exchange spin-wave modes

Spin pumping(SP)and inverse spin Hall effect(ISHE)driven by parametrically-excited dipole-exchange spin waves in a yttrium iron garnet film have been systematically investigated.The measured voltage spectrum exhibits a feature of the field-induced transition from parallel pumping to perpendicular pumping because of the inhomogeneous excitation geometry.Thanks to the high precision of the SP-ISHE detection,two sets of fine structures in the voltage spectrum are observed,which can correspond well to two kinds of critical points in the multimode spin-wave spectrum for magnetic films.One is the q=0 point of each higher-order dispersion branch,and the other is the local minimum due to the interplay between the dipolar and exchange interactions.These fine structures on the voltage spectrum confirm the spin pumping by higher-order dipole-exchange spin-wave modes,and are helpful for probing the multimode spin-wave spectrum.

Self-Consistent Spin-Wave Analysis of the 1/3 Magnetization Plateau in the Kagome Antiferromagnet

We propose a modified spin-wave theory to study the 1/3 magnetization plateau of the antiferromagnetic Heisen- berg model on the kagome lattice. By the self-consistent inclusion of quantum corrections, the 1/3 plateau is stabilized over a broad range of magnetic fields for all spin quantum numbers S. The values of the critical mag- netic fields and the widths of the magnetization plateaus are fully consistent with the recent numerical results from exact diagonalization and infinite projected entangled paired states.

A Self-consistent Calculation and an Anisotropic Wavelength Cut off Energy of Spin-wave Spectrumin Magnetic Tunnel Junctions

Temperature dependence of tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio. resistance, and coercivity from 4.2 K to room temperature (RT), applied dc bias voltage dependence of the TMR ratio and resistances at 4.2 K and RT. tunnel current I and dynamic conductance dI/dV as functions of the dc bias voltage at 4.2 K, and inelastic electron tunneling (IET) spectroscopy, d2I/dV2 versus V, at 4.2 K for a tunnel junction of Ta(5 nm)/Ni79 Fe21 (25 nm)/lr22 Mn78(12 nm)/Co75 Fe25(4 nm)/ Al(0.8 um)-oxide/Co75Fe25(4 nm)/Ni79Fe21(25 nm)/Ta(5 um ) were systematically investigated High TMR ratio of 59.2% at 4.2 K and 41.3% at RT were observed for this junction after annealing at 275’C for an hour. The temperature dependence of TMR ratio and resistances from 4.2 to 300 K at 1.0 mV bias and the dc bias voltage dependence of TMR ratio at 4.2 K from 0 to 80 mV can be evaluated by a comparison of self-consistent calculations with the experimental data based on the magnon-assisted inelastic excitation model and theory. An anisotropic wavelength cutoff energy of spin-wave spectrum in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) was suggested, which is necessary for self-consistent calculations, based on a series of IET spectra observed in the MTJs.

Recent progress on excitation and manipulation of spin-waves in spin Hall nano-oscillators

Spin Hall nano oscillator(SHNO),a new type spintronic nano-device,can electrically excite and control spin waves in both nanoscale magnetic metals and insulators with low damping by the spin current due to spin Hall effect and interfacial Rashba effect.Several spin-wave modes have been excited successfully and investigated substantially in SHNOs based on dozens of different ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic(FM/NM)bilayer systems(e.g.,FM=Py,[Co/Ni],Fe,CoFeB,Y3Fe5O12;NM=Pt,Ta,W).Here,we will review recent progress about spin-wave excitation and experimental parameters dependent dynamics in SHNOs.The nanogap SHNOs with in-plane magnetization exhibit a nonlinear self-localized bullet soliton localized at the center of the gap between the electrodes and a secondary high-frequency mode which coexists with the primary bullet mode at higher currents.While in the nanogap SHNOs with out of plane magnetization,besides both nonlinear bullet soliton and propagating spin-wave mode are achieved and controlled by varying the external magnetic field and current,the magnetic bubble skyrmion mode also can be excited at a low in-plane magnetic field.These spin-wave modes show thermal-induced mode hopping behavior at high temperature due to the coupling between the modes mediated by thermal magnon mediated scattering.Moreover,thanks to the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy induced effective field,the single coherent mode also can be achieved without applying an external magnetic field.The strong nonlinear effect of spin waves makes SHNOs easy to achieve synchronization with external microwave signals or mutual synchronization between multiple oscillators which improve the coherence and power of oscillation modes significantly.Spin waves in SHNOs with an external free magnetic layer have a wide range of applications from as a nanoscale signal source of low power consumption magnonic devices to spin-based neuromorphic computing systems in the field of artificial intelligence.

Shape-manipulated spin-wave eigenmodes of magnetic nanoelements

The magnetization dynamics of nanoelements with tapered ends have been studied by micromagnetic simulations.Several spin-wave modes and their evolutions with the sharpness of the element ends are characterized. The edge mode localized in the two ends of the element can be effectively tuned by the element shape. Its frequency increases rapidly with the tapered parameter h and its localized area gradually expands toward the element center, and it finally merges into the fundamental mode at a critical tapered parameter h0. For nanoelements with h 〉 h0, the edge mode is completely suppressed. The standing spin-wave modes mainly in the internal area of the element are less affected by the element shape.The shifts of their frequencies are small and they display different tendencies. The evolution of the spin-wave modes with the element shape is explained by considering the change of the internal field.

SPIN-WAVE THEORY OF 1D SPIN-1/2 QUANTUM CHAIN WITH INTERACTIONS TO THIRD NEIGHBOURS

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INTERFACE SPIN-WAVE OF COUPLED SEMI-INFINITE MAGNETIC SUPERLATTICE

The interface spin-wave (ISW) modes or coupled semi-infinitemagnetic superlattices separated by a nonmagnetic layer have been studied by use of the magnetostatic method, A general expression of the ISW dispersion relation is obtained. Detailed calculations are performed in the special case where the ttwo semi-infinite superlattices is considered to be identical and the external magnetic field is parallel or perpendicular to the surface of the layers. Some results about ISW modes are discussed.

Intrinsic Localized Spin-Wave Modes in an Anisotropic Ferromagnet with Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya Interaction

The existence and properties of intrinsic localized spin-wave modes in a ferromagnetic XXZ spin chain with Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya interaction are investigated analytically in the semiclassical limit. The model Hamiltonian is quantized by introducing the Dyson–Maleev transformation and the coherent state representation is chosen as the basic representation of the system. By making use of the method of multiple scales combined with a quasidiscreteness approximation, the equation of motion for the coherent-state amplitude is reduced to the nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation.It is shown that a bright intrinsic localized spin-wave mode whose eigenfrequency lies below the bottom of the magnon frequency band can exist in the ferromagnetic system. We also show that the system can produce a dark intrinsic localized spin-wave mode, i.e., nonpropagating kink, whose eigenfrequency is below the upper of the magnon frequency band. In addition, we find that the introduction of the Dzyaloshinsky–Moriya interaction changes wave numbers in the Brillouin-zone corresponding to the appearance of intrinsic localized spin-wave modes.

Magnetocrystalline anisotropy and spin-wave stiffness in tensilestrained La_(0.67)Ba_(0.33)MnO_3 films:An investigation via ferromagnetic resonance

Tensile-strained epitaxial La0.67Ba0.33MnO3(LBMO)film has been prepared by magnetron sputtering technique on(001)oriented spinel MgAl2O4substrate.The transport and magnetic measurements give an insulator-metal transition and paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition occurring at^150 K and 250 K respectively,which implies the phase separation in such a tensile-strained film.By analyzing the angular and temperature dependences of the ferromagnetic resonance(FMR),we determine the magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the film.It is found that the tensile-strained film is dominated by an easy-axis corresponding to the compressive out-of-plane direction,though the magnitudes of anisotropy constants are relatively small and their temperature dependences are some complex.Furthermore,the FMR spectra show additional spin wave resonance(SWR),and the field positions can be indexed to follow a linear dependence on the square of index n.The scaling gives a spin-wave exchange stiffness D of 20.7 meV 2at low temperature,which is less than half of that in strain-free LBMO films,implying that the double exchange interaction is remarkably suppressed in the tensile-strained LBMO films.

Spin-Wave Analysis of the Spin-1 Two-Dimensional Frustrated Heisenberg Antiferromagnet with the Single-Ion Anisotropy

In this paper,the low-temperature properties of the spin-1 two-dimensional frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnet with the single-ion anisotropy are investigated on a square lattice by using the spin-wave theory.The influence of the frustration and anisotropy is found in the thermodynamics of the model,such as the temperature dependence of the staggered magnetization and specific heat.For some selected values of the frustration and anisotropy parameters,the results for the specific heat are compared with those of existing theories and numerical estimates.Within a spin-wave analysis,we have found the evidence for an intermediate magnetically disorder phase to separate the N′eel and collinear phases.

弯曲应变下六角晶格量子反铁磁体的赝朗道能级

利用线性自旋波理论和量子蒙特卡罗方法研究了弯曲应变下六角晶格量子反铁磁体的赝朗道能级.通过线性自旋波理论,发现磁赝朗道能级出现在磁子能谱的高能端,其能级间距与能级指数的平方根成正比.线性自旋波理论和量子蒙特卡罗方法都显示,尺寸相同时随着应变强度的逐渐增加,局域磁化强度逐渐减弱,应变强度相同的条件下反铁磁序在y方向上连续减弱,因为上边界处的海森伯链解耦为孤立的垂直链,导致上边界附近的磁序被破坏.量子蒙特卡罗方法提供了更精确的反铁磁序演化:在特定应变强度下上边界处垂直关联不变,水平关联增加,从而影响磁化强度,使局域磁化在上边界处呈上翘趋势.研究结果有助于理解弯曲应变对自旋激发的影响,并可能在二维量子磁性材料实验中得以实现.

磁性薄膜的次表面自旋波分布及影响因素分析

为了了解铁磁性薄膜中局域自旋波的性质,基于海森堡模型利用量子格林函数方法对铁磁性薄膜的自旋波分布进行了研究,分析了外部物理因素(温度和外磁场)和薄膜表面性质(表面各向异性和表面交换耦合)对表面布里渊区内次表面自旋波存在区域的影响,并比较了表面与次表面自旋波性质的差异.结果表明:温度和外磁场对次表面自旋波存在区域的影响规律相似,而表面各向异性和表面交换耦合对次表面自旋波存在区域的影响规律相似;次表面自旋波的存在区域始终小于表面自旋波的存在区域.

AB双层磁性薄膜的界面自旋波

针对非对称AB双层磁性薄膜中自旋波的分布问题,采用量子格林函数方法研究了不同界面参数对界面自旋波在二维布里渊区中占有面积的影响.结果表明:非对称AB双层磁性薄膜中存在两支界面自旋波,第4原子层界面自旋波存在于中温区间,第5原子层界面自旋波存在于全温区间;随着温度的升高,两支界面自旋波的占有面积先增大后减小;随着外磁场的升高,两支界面自旋波的占有面积减小;随着界面层间交换耦合、界面层内交换耦合和界面各向异性的增加,第4原子层界面自旋波的占有面积增加,第5原子层界面自旋波的占有面积减小.

In-plane spin excitation of skyrmion bags

Skyrmion bags are spin structures with arbitrary topological charges, each of which is composed of a big skyrmion and several small skyrmions. In this work, by using an in-plane alternating current(AC) magnetic field, we investigate the spinwave modes of skyrmion bags, which behave differently from the clockwise(CW) rotation mode and the counterclockwise(CCW) rotation mode of skyrmions because of their complex spin topological structures. The in-plane excitation power spectral density shows that each skyrmion bag possesses four resonance frequencies. By further studying the spin dynamics of a skyrmion bag at each resonance frequency, the four spin-wave modes, i.e., a CCW-CW mode, two CW-breathing modes with different resonance strengths, and an inner CCW mode, appear as a composition mode of outer skyrmion–inner skyrmions. Our results are helpful in understanding the in-plane spin excitation of skyrmion bags, which may contribute to the characterization and detection of skyrmion bags, as well as the applications in logic devices.

毫米波高功率NiZn铁氧体材料研究

本文针对毫米波高功率环行器对微波铁氧体材料的技术要求,开展了高功率NiZn铁氧体材料的研究工作。在理论分析的基础上,固化制备工艺参数,通过配方Zn^(2+)、Co^(2+)掺杂,得到饱和磁化强度和自旋波线宽的变化规律,最终研制出饱和磁化强度到达4008Gs、自旋波线宽达到28.3Oe的毫米波高功率铁氧体材料,满足了器件使用需求。

Mathematical Wave Functions and 3D Finite Element Modelling of the Electron and Positron

The wave/particle duality of particles in Physics is well known. Particles have properties that uniquely characterize them from one another, such as mass, charge and spin. Charged particles have associated Electric and Magnetic fields. Also, every moving particle has a De Broglie wavelength determined by its mass and velocity. This paper shows that all of these properties of a particle can be derived from a single wave function equation for that particle. Wave functions for the Electron and the Positron are presented and principles are provided that can be used to calculate the wave functions of all the fundamental particles in Physics. Fundamental particles such as electrons and positrons are considered to be point particles in the Standard Model of Physics and are not considered to have a structure. This paper demonstrates that they do indeed have structure and that this structure extends into the space around the particle’s center (in fact, they have infinite extent), but with rapidly diminishing energy density with the distance from that center. The particles are formed from Electromagnetic standing waves, which are stable solutions to the Schrödinger and Classical wave equations. This stable structure therefore accounts for both the wave and particle nature of these particles. In fact, all of their properties such as mass, spin and electric charge, can be accounted for from this structure. These particle properties appear to originate from a single point at the center of the wave function structure, in the same sort of way that the Shell theorem of gravity causes the gravity of a body to appear to all originate from a central point. This paper represents the first two fully characterized fundamental particles, with a complete description of their structure and properties, built up from the underlying Electromagnetic waves that comprise these and all fundamental particles.

爆轰不稳定性及初始压力对螺旋爆轰轨迹角的影响

为研究爆轰不稳定性及初始压力对螺旋爆轰轨迹角的影响,开展了预混气螺旋爆轰实验研究。利用内径63.5 mm、长4 m的爆轰管道系统对4组预混气(气体Ⅰ:2H_(2)+O_(2)+50%Ar,气体Ⅱ:C_(2)H_(2)+2.5O_(2)+85%Ar,气体Ⅲ:C_(2)H_(2)+5N_(2)O,气体Ⅳ:CH_(4)+2O_(2))进行爆轰实验;采用烟膜技术记录螺旋爆轰波的胞格结构,测量不同预混气在不同压力下右旋、左旋横波与管轴形成的轨迹角α^(+)、α^(-),分析轨迹角的变化、初始压力以及爆轰不稳定性对其影响。实验结果表明:4种预混气的螺旋爆轰轨迹角均位于30°~50°范围内;爆轰不稳定性相对较弱的气体(气体Ⅰ,气体Ⅱ,气体Ⅲ),轨迹角测量值与声学理论计算得到的理论值吻合度较好,不稳定性强的气体(气体Ⅳ),测量值与理论值吻合度较差;4种预混气的轨迹角离散度大小及变化趋势与壁面胞格离散度一致;随着初始压力增大,4种预混气的轨迹角均明显减小,减小幅度相近,且在高频螺旋阶段,初始压力比爆轰不稳定性对轨迹角的影响作用更强。

CoFeB纳米带中自旋波驱动横向畴壁移动动力学研究

CoFeB具有较大的饱和磁化强度和较低的阻尼系数,适合制备可控畴壁移动器件。通过微磁模拟,探究CoFeB纳米带中自旋波与横向畴壁间的动力学相互作用。模拟结果表明畴壁移动的速度和方向不仅受到自旋波频率的影响,而且和外加磁场强度、纳米带宽度等参数密切相关。当自旋波频率较低时畴壁难以被驱动,随着自旋波频率的升高,畴壁开始移动且移动方向与自旋波的传播方向相反。随着外加磁场强度的增大,畴壁反向移动速度先增大后减小,直至变为正向移动。当自旋波频率高于7 GHz时,畴壁的移动方向与自旋波的传播方向相同,并且畴壁速度随自旋波频率的变化呈现多峰结构,最大速度为384 m/s。畴壁正向移动时,其速度随外加磁场强度的增加逐渐变大。当纳米带的宽度增加时,畴壁有效场的不均匀性和质量都会增大,使畴壁移动的最大速度先增大后减小。使用CoFeB纳米带可以有效提高畴壁的移动速度,并且外加磁场强度与纳米带宽度对畴壁速度有显著的影响,为优化器件性能提供了新思路。

市场动力学原理——经济动力学与标准模型(Ⅱ)

市场动力学以经典电动力学为基础,以量子电动力学为参考模型框架,其构造自始至终贯穿布尔巴基结构主义思想。市场动力学研究价格、需求和供给三者之间的相互作用,量子电动力学研究光子、电子和正电子三者之间的相互作用;两者都属于单荷动力学范畴,共享U(1)对称群。市场动力学引入了市场荷,并以此分别定义了需求与供给。通过考察市场犹豫现象,为需求和供给引入自旋作为其内禀性质。于是,需求与供给可由狄拉克旋量定义。通过引入钱锥和价壳,定义了虚价格;需求与供给通过交换虚价格而相互作用。这些相互作用可为费曼图所刻画。认知场具有极化决策的功能,由磁场所刻画。市场动力学认为,社会经济本身是一个实验,每个市场参与者都是观测者。我们建立了市场观测的非对易关系以及观测信息的市场版测不准原理,并以此定义了量子版看不见的手。在经典电动力学的基础上,讨论了价格场与麦克斯韦场的关系,并引入了规范势的概念。高阶认知(包括博弈、决策与推理)引起的市场涨落(包括介观与量子涨落)。各种市场内在的涨落现象既是理解市场参与者认知又是理解市场相变的基础。定义了市场波函数的六个组分,即全局相因子,全局规范势与全局规范场强,以及局域相因子,局域规范势与局域规范场强。规范变换是量子电动力学和市场动力学的精彩部分,随后给出规范原理,说明全局对称性是局域对称性的必要条件。引入了四个算子,即牛顿均值算子、爱因斯坦钱锥算子、薛定谔演化算子和狄拉克场论算子,将这四个算子分别施用于市场波函数,呈现市场波函数的四种算子相态;算子态的改变,称为市场波函数的相变。

Cr2O3中反铁磁自旋波的低频拉曼光谱研究

反铁磁自旋波在高速和低能耗信息处理方面具有很大潜力。然而,在反铁磁体系中激发和检测太赫兹自旋波是具有挑战性的。在本工作中,我们验证了低频拉曼光谱可作为探测反铁磁体系中自旋波的有力工具。我们通过拉曼光谱系统研究了典型的单轴反铁磁体Cr2O3中的反铁磁自旋波,我们的测量范围低至2.3 cm-1(69 GHz)。我们分析了自旋波的塞曼劈裂和自旋翻转相变。我们进一步通过偏振拉曼的方式确定了自旋波能支的角动量符号。我们还得到了Cr2O3的各向异性能,g因子和自旋翻转场随温度和磁场变化的函数关系。自旋波重整化理论解释了所有实验观测结果。