Spinal cord injury （SCI） damages not only the gray matter neurons, but also the white matter axonal tracts that carry signals to and from the brain, re- suiting in permanent loss of function below injury. Neural ste...Spinal cord injury （SCI） damages not only the gray matter neurons, but also the white matter axonal tracts that carry signals to and from the brain, re- suiting in permanent loss of function below injury. Neural stem cells （NSCs） have high therapeutic potential for reconstruction of the injured spinal cord since they can potentially fnrm neuronal relays to bridge functional con-nectivity between separated spinal cord segments. This requires host axonal regeneration into and connectivity with donor neurons, and axonal growth and connectivity of donor neurons to host central nervous system （CNS） circuitry. In this mini-review, we will discuss key studies that explore novel neuronal relay formation by grafting NSCs in models of SCI, with emphasis on long-distance axonal growth and connectivity of NSCs grafted into in-jured spinal cord.展开更多
Cellular transplantation for repair of spinal cord injury is a prom- ising therapeutic strategy that includes the use of a variety of neural and non-neural cells isolated or derived from embryonic and adult tissue as ...Cellular transplantation for repair of spinal cord injury is a prom- ising therapeutic strategy that includes the use of a variety of neural and non-neural cells isolated or derived from embryonic and adult tissue as well as embryonic stem cells and induced plu- ripotent stem cells. In particular, transplants of neural progenitor cells （NPCs） have been shown to limit secondary injury and scar formation and create a permissive environment in the injured spinal cord through the provision of neurotrophic molecules and growth supporting matrices that promote growth of injured host axons. Importantly, transplants of NPC are unique in their poten- tial to replace lost neural cells - including neurons, astrocytes,展开更多
Conventional vs. polyethylene glycol （PEG）-fusion tech- nologies to repair severed spinal axons： Most spinal cord injuries （SCIs） involve cutor crush-severance of spinal tract axons in the central nervous system ...Conventional vs. polyethylene glycol （PEG）-fusion tech- nologies to repair severed spinal axons： Most spinal cord injuries （SCIs） involve cutor crush-severance of spinal tract axons in the central nervous system （CNS）. Clinical out- comes after CNS axonal severance is very poor because proximal segments of CNS axons lack a suitable environment for outgrowth （Kakulas, 1999; Fitch and Silver, 2008; Rowland et al., 2008; Kwon et al., 2010） and therefore do not naturally regenerate （Ramon y Caial, 1928）. Current strategies to try to increase behavioral recovery after SCI are focused on en- hancing the environment for axonal outgrowth.展开更多
Incidence and consequences of spinal cord injuries： World- wide, every year 250,000-500,000 people suffer from spinal cord injury （SCI; www.who.int, 2013）. Traumatic lesions of the spinal cord lead to primary and s...Incidence and consequences of spinal cord injuries： World- wide, every year 250,000-500,000 people suffer from spinal cord injury （SCI; www.who.int, 2013）. Traumatic lesions of the spinal cord lead to primary and secondary injury mechanisms, which result in axon damage, loss of signal conduction, demyelination of axons and long-lasting deficits in motor and sensory func- tion. The extent of the damage and the subsequent functional loss depend on the spinal level and the severity of the primary injury. Furthermore, pathophysiological and pathomorpholog- ical responses in acute and chronic SCI share similar but also different requirements for treatment.展开更多
Background and early studies： Endogenous tri-potential neural stem cells （NSCs） exist in the adult mammalian central nervous system （CNS）. In the spinal cord, NSCs distribute throughout the entire cord, but exist...Background and early studies： Endogenous tri-potential neural stem cells （NSCs） exist in the adult mammalian central nervous system （CNS）. In the spinal cord, NSCs distribute throughout the entire cord, but exist predominately in white matter tracts. The phenotypic fate of these cells in white matter is glial, largely oligodendrocyte, but not neuronal.展开更多
The article by Meves and Zheng （2014） is addressing a continu- ous shift in the field of spinal cord injury （SCI） research that has occurred over the last century. Before that, the spinal cord was viewed as ＂hard...The article by Meves and Zheng （2014） is addressing a continu- ous shift in the field of spinal cord injury （SCI） research that has occurred over the last century. Before that, the spinal cord was viewed as ＂hard wired＂ and treatment considerations were based on observations that axons in the periphery were able to regenerate, but those in the central nervous system （CNS） were not （David and Aguayo, 1981）.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effect of the implant composite of poly lactide-co-glycolide(PLGA)and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) modified by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on injured spinal cord in rats.M...Objective To investigate the effect of the implant composite of poly lactide-co-glycolide(PLGA)and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) modified by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on injured spinal cord in rats.Methods Two hundred and展开更多
基金the Veterans Administrationthe Canadian Spinal Research Organizationthe California Institute for Regenerative Medicine
文摘Spinal cord injury （SCI） damages not only the gray matter neurons, but also the white matter axonal tracts that carry signals to and from the brain, re- suiting in permanent loss of function below injury. Neural stem cells （NSCs） have high therapeutic potential for reconstruction of the injured spinal cord since they can potentially fnrm neuronal relays to bridge functional con-nectivity between separated spinal cord segments. This requires host axonal regeneration into and connectivity with donor neurons, and axonal growth and connectivity of donor neurons to host central nervous system （CNS） circuitry. In this mini-review, we will discuss key studies that explore novel neuronal relay formation by grafting NSCs in models of SCI, with emphasis on long-distance axonal growth and connectivity of NSCs grafted into in-jured spinal cord.
基金NIH PO1 NS055976,Craig H.Neilsen Foundation,and Shriner’s Hospital for Children
文摘Cellular transplantation for repair of spinal cord injury is a prom- ising therapeutic strategy that includes the use of a variety of neural and non-neural cells isolated or derived from embryonic and adult tissue as well as embryonic stem cells and induced plu- ripotent stem cells. In particular, transplants of neural progenitor cells （NPCs） have been shown to limit secondary injury and scar formation and create a permissive environment in the injured spinal cord through the provision of neurotrophic molecules and growth supporting matrices that promote growth of injured host axons. Importantly, transplants of NPC are unique in their poten- tial to replace lost neural cells - including neurons, astrocytes,
基金supported by grants from the Lone Star Paralysis Foundation to GDB and JDPby an NIH grant R01 NS081063 to GD
文摘Conventional vs. polyethylene glycol （PEG）-fusion tech- nologies to repair severed spinal axons： Most spinal cord injuries （SCIs） involve cutor crush-severance of spinal tract axons in the central nervous system （CNS）. Clinical out- comes after CNS axonal severance is very poor because proximal segments of CNS axons lack a suitable environment for outgrowth （Kakulas, 1999; Fitch and Silver, 2008; Rowland et al., 2008; Kwon et al., 2010） and therefore do not naturally regenerate （Ramon y Caial, 1928）. Current strategies to try to increase behavioral recovery after SCI are focused on en- hancing the environment for axonal outgrowth.
基金funded by the DGUV(Deutsche Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung)BMBF(German Federal Ministry for Education and Research)+1 种基金DSQ(German Paraplegia Foundation)Manchot Foundation and Research Commission of the Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf
文摘Incidence and consequences of spinal cord injuries： World- wide, every year 250,000-500,000 people suffer from spinal cord injury （SCI; www.who.int, 2013）. Traumatic lesions of the spinal cord lead to primary and secondary injury mechanisms, which result in axon damage, loss of signal conduction, demyelination of axons and long-lasting deficits in motor and sensory func- tion. The extent of the damage and the subsequent functional loss depend on the spinal level and the severity of the primary injury. Furthermore, pathophysiological and pathomorpholog- ical responses in acute and chronic SCI share similar but also different requirements for treatment.
文摘Background and early studies： Endogenous tri-potential neural stem cells （NSCs） exist in the adult mammalian central nervous system （CNS）. In the spinal cord, NSCs distribute throughout the entire cord, but exist predominately in white matter tracts. The phenotypic fate of these cells in white matter is glial, largely oligodendrocyte, but not neuronal.
文摘The article by Meves and Zheng （2014） is addressing a continu- ous shift in the field of spinal cord injury （SCI） research that has occurred over the last century. Before that, the spinal cord was viewed as ＂hard wired＂ and treatment considerations were based on observations that axons in the periphery were able to regenerate, but those in the central nervous system （CNS） were not （David and Aguayo, 1981）.
文摘Objective To investigate the effect of the implant composite of poly lactide-co-glycolide(PLGA)and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) modified by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on injured spinal cord in rats.Methods Two hundred and
