Textile dyes are dramatic sources of pollution and non-aesthetic disturbance of aquatic life and therefore represent a potential risk of bioaccumulation that can affect living species.It is imperative to reduce or eli...Textile dyes are dramatic sources of pollution and non-aesthetic disturbance of aquatic life and therefore represent a potential risk of bioaccumulation that can affect living species.It is imperative to reduce or eliminate these dyes from liquid effluents with innovative biomaterials and methods.Therefore,this research aims to highlight the performance of Capparis spinosa L waste-activated carbon(CSLW-AC)adsorbent to remove crystal violet(CV)from an aqueous solution.The mechanism of CV adsorption on CSLW-AC was evaluated based on the coupling of experimental data and different characterization techniques.The efficiency of the CSLW-AC material reflected by the equilibrium adsorption capacity of CV could reach more than 195.671 mg·g^(–1) when 0.5 g·L^(–1) of CSLW-AC(Particle size≤250μm)is introduced into the CV of initial concentration of 100 mg·L^(–1) at pH 6 and temperature 65℃ and in the presence of potassium ions after 60 min of contact time according to the one parameter at a time studies.The adsorption behavior of CV on CSLW-AC was found to be consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Frumkin's linear isothermal model.The thermodynamic aspects indicate that the process is physical,spontaneous,and endothermic.The optimization of the process by the Box Behnken design of experiments resulted in an adsorption capacity approaching 183.544 mg·g^(–1)([CV]=100 mg·L^(–1) and[CSLW-AC]=0.5 g·L^(–1) at 35 min).The results of the Lactuca sativa seeds germination in treated CV(70%),adsorbent solvent and thermal regeneration(more than 5 cycles),and process cost analysis(1.0484 USD·L^(–1))tests are encouraging and promising for future exploitations of the CSLW-AC material in different industrial fields.展开更多
Ependymoma is a rare and chemotherapy-resistant brain tumor, which has resulted in a delay in the development of drugs to treat it. A subclass of supratentorial ependymomas (ST-EPN), designated ST-EPN-zinc finger-tran...Ependymoma is a rare and chemotherapy-resistant brain tumor, which has resulted in a delay in the development of drugs to treat it. A subclass of supratentorial ependymomas (ST-EPN), designated ST-EPN-zinc finger-translocation-associated (ZFTA, ST-EPN-ZFTA), exhibits the expression of a fusion protein comprising ZFTA and v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (RELA), an effector transcription factor of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway (ZFTA-RELA). The expression of ZFTA-RELA results in the hyperactivation of the oncogenic NF-κB signaling pathway, which ultimately leads to the development of ST-EPN-ZFTA. To identify inhibitors of the NF-κB signaling pathway activated by the expression of ZFTA-RELA, we used a doxycycline-inducible ZFTA-RELA-expressing NF-κB reporter cell line and found that extracts of the fungus Neosartorya spinosa IFM 47025 exhibited NF-κB inhibitory activity. We identified eight compounds [aszonapyrone A (2), sartorypyrone A (3), epiheveadride (4), acetylaszonalenin (5), (R)-benzodiazepinedione (6), aszonalenin (7), sartorypyrone E (8) and (Z, Z)-N,N’-(1,2-bis[(4-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-1,2-ethanediyl)bis-formamide (9)] from N. spinosa IFM 47025 culture extract using a variety of chromatographic techniques. The structures of these compounds were identified through the analysis of various instrumental data (1D, 2D-NMR, MS, and optical rotation). The NF-κB responsive reporter assay indicated that compounds 2, 3, 5, 7, and 9 exhibited inhibitory activity. We further evaluated the inhibitory activity of these compounds against the expression of endogenous NF-κB responsive genes (CCND1, L1CAM, ICAM1, and TNF) and found that compound 2 showed significant inhibitory activity. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism of action of compound 2, which may serve as a lead compound for the development of a novel therapy for ST-EPN-ZFTA.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the larvicidal and pupicidal activity of spinosad against Anopheles stephensi Listen.Methods:Spinosad from the actinomycete,Saccharopolyspora spinosa was tested against Anopheles stephensi at ...Objective:To investigate the larvicidal and pupicidal activity of spinosad against Anopheles stephensi Listen.Methods:Spinosad from the actinomycete,Saccharopolyspora spinosa was tested against Anopheles stephensi at different concentrations（0.01,0.02,0.04,0.06 and 0.08 ppm.）, and against first to fourth instar larvae and pupae.Results:The larval mortality ranged from 36.1±1.7 in（0.01 ppm） to 79.3±1.8（0.08 ppm） the first instar larva.The LC<sub>50</sub> and LC<sub>90</sub> values of first, second,third and fourth instar larva were 0.001,0.031,0.034,0.036 and 0.0113,0.102,0.111,0.113, respectively.The pupal mortality ranged from 33.0±2.0（0.01 ppm） to 80.0±0.9（0.08 ppm）.The LC<sub>50</sub> and LC<sub>90</sub> values were 0.028 and 0.1020,respectively.The reduction percentage of Anopheles larvae was 82.7%,91.4%and 96.0%after 24,48,72 hours,respectively,while more than 80% reduction was observed after 3 weeks.Conclusions:In the present study spinosad effectively caused mortality of mosquito larvae in both the laboratory and field trial.It is predicted that spinosad is likely to be an effective larvicide for treatment of mosquito breeding sites.展开更多
Ziziphi Spinosae Semen(ZSS),a traditional Chinese medicine,is used in clinics for the treatment of insomnia in China and other Asian countries.Herein,we described for the first time a comparative pharmacokinetics stud...Ziziphi Spinosae Semen(ZSS),a traditional Chinese medicine,is used in clinics for the treatment of insomnia in China and other Asian countries.Herein,we described for the first time a comparative pharmacokinetics study of the six major compounds of ZSS in normal control(NC)and para-chlorophenylalanine(PCPA)-induced insomnia model(IM)rats that were orally administered the aqueous extract of ZSS.An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole orbitrap mass(UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS)method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of coclaurine,magnoflorine,spinosin,6000-feruloylspinosin,jujuboside A(JuA),and jujuboside B(JuB)in ZSS in rat plasma.The established approach was successfully applied to a comparative pharmacokinetic study.The systemic exposures of spinosin and 6000-feruloylspinosin were decreased in the IM group compared to the NC group,while plasma clearance(CL)was significantly increased.The Tmax values of JuA and JuB in IM rats were significantly lower than those in NC rats.The T1/2 of JuA in the IM group was significantly accelerated.The pharmacokinetic parameters of coclaurine and magnoflorine were not evidently affected between the two groups.These results indicate that the pathological state of insomnia altered the plasma pharmacokinetics of spinosin,6000-feruloylspinosin,JuA,and JuB in the ZSS aqueous extract,providing an experimental basis for the role of ZSS in insomnia treatment.The comparative pharmacokinetics-based UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS using full-scan mode can therefore provide a reliable and suitable means for the screening of potentially effective substances applied as quality markers of ZSS.展开更多
Due to the scarcity of resources of Ziziphi spinosae semen （ZSS）, many inferior goods and even adulterants are generally found in medicine markets. To strengthen the quality control, HPLC fingerprint common pattern ...Due to the scarcity of resources of Ziziphi spinosae semen （ZSS）, many inferior goods and even adulterants are generally found in medicine markets. To strengthen the quality control, HPLC fingerprint common pattern established in this paper showed three main bioactive compounds in one chromatogram simultaneously. Principal component analysis based on DAD signals could discriminate adulterants and inferiorities. Principal component analysis indicated that all samples could be mainly regrouped into two main clusters according to the first principal component （PC1, redefined as Vicenin II） and the second principal component （PC2, redefined as zizyphusine）. PC1 and PC2 could explain 91.42%of the variance. Content of zizyphusine fluctuated more greatly than that of spinosin, and this result was also confirmed by the HPTLC result. Samples with low content of jujubosides and two common adulterants could not be used equivalently with authenticated ones in clinic, while one reference standard extract could substitute the crude drug in pharmaceutical production. Giving special consideration to the well-known bioactive saponins but with low response by end absorption, a fast and cheap HPTLC method for quality control of ZSS was developed and the result obtained was commensurate well with that of HPLC analysis. Samples having similar fingerprints to HPTLC common pattern targeting at saponins could be regarded as authenticated ones. This work provided a faster and cheaper way for quality control of ZSS and laid foundation for establishing a more effective quality control method for ZSS.展开更多
We analyzed the advertisement call of Paa spinosa at Yuliang Mountain,Lanxi,Zhejiang Province,in eastern China.Temporal and spectral call parameters were analyzed,along with call intensity.Calls comprised of three to ...We analyzed the advertisement call of Paa spinosa at Yuliang Mountain,Lanxi,Zhejiang Province,in eastern China.Temporal and spectral call parameters were analyzed,along with call intensity.Calls comprised of three to seven notes,the last of which had the longest duration.Three formants(harmonics)were clearly distinguishable from the audio spectrogram.The dominant frequency ranged from 411-1534 Hz,and was either the first or the second formant.The number of notes within a call was positively correlated to air temperature,so that calls contained more notes during the day.Also,the dominant frequency appeared to be lower at the highest temperature.展开更多
A sensitive,fast and comprehensive method for the quality assessment of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae(SZS)standard decoction with characterization of its chemical components was developed and validated.UPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS syste...A sensitive,fast and comprehensive method for the quality assessment of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae(SZS)standard decoction with characterization of its chemical components was developed and validated.UPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS system was used to identify thirty-six chemical components of SZS standard decoction which included nucleosides,phenolic acids,alkaloids,and flavonoids.Furthermore,a UPLC-PDA method was validated to simultaneously determine adenosine,protocatechuic acid,magnoflorine,catechin,protocatechin,vicenin II,spinosin,kaempferol-3-rutinoside,and 6'''-feruloylspinosin which represent four species of characteristic compounds.The qualitative method had been validated according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition)in terms of lineary,repeatability,recovery and stability for all analytes,with the results showing good precision,accuracy and stability.In conclusion,the method using UPLC combined with MS and PDA provided a novel way for the standardization and identification of SZS standard decoction,and also offered a basis for qualitative analysis and quality assessment of the preparations for SZS standard decoction.展开更多
Objective:The column chromatographic fraction of ethyl acetate(EA1,EA2,EA3,EA4 and EA5) leaf extracts of Vangueria spinosa(V.spinosa) were screened for antibacterial activity and phytochemical analysis.Methods:EA3 fra...Objective:The column chromatographic fraction of ethyl acetate(EA1,EA2,EA3,EA4 and EA5) leaf extracts of Vangueria spinosa(V.spinosa) were screened for antibacterial activity and phytochemical analysis.Methods:EA3 fraction was isolated and identified by column chromatography,thin layer chromatography,spectral data analysis and phytochemical screening were used for analysis.Results:EA3 fraction was significantly active at 4 to 64 mg/L against Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.5625 to 3.1250 mg/mL.The active fraction(EA3) revealed the presence of flavonoid with retention factor value(R_f) of 0.39.The active antibacterial agent in the most potent fraction(EA3) was isolated and identified as flavonoid(-)-epicatechin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside by thin layer chromatography(TLC) and phytochemical screening.EA1 and EA2 show inhibitory activity at 4 to 64 mg/L against Staphylococcus aureus only where as fraction EA4 and EA5 do not shows any inhibitory activity within that range of concentration against any bacteria.Conclusions:The results support the ethnomedicinal use of leaf of V.spinosa for the treatment of bacterial diseases.展开更多
The giant spiny frog （Quasipaa spinosa） is an endangered species with a relatively small distribution limited to southern China and Northern Vietnam. This species is becoming increasingly threatened because of over-...The giant spiny frog （Quasipaa spinosa） is an endangered species with a relatively small distribution limited to southern China and Northern Vietnam. This species is becoming increasingly threatened because of over-exploitation and habitat degradation. This study provides data on the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of the giant spiny frog to facilitate the further development of effective conservation recommendations for this economically important but threatened species. We examined 10 species-specific microsatellite loci and Cyt b genes （562 bp） collected from 13 wild populations across the entire range of this species. Results of 10 microsatellite loci analysis showed a generally high level of genetic diversity. Moreover, the genetic differentiation among all 12 populations was moderate to large （overall Fs7= 0.1057）. A total of 51 haplotypes were identified for Cyt b, which suggests high haplotype nucleotide diversities. Phylogeographic and population structure analyses using both DNA markers suggested that the wild giant spiny frog can be divided into four distinct major clades, i.e., Northern Vietnam, Western China, Central China, and Eastern China. The clades with significant genetic divergence are reproductively isolated, as evidenced by a high number of private alleles and strong incidence of failed amplification in microsatellite loci. Our research, coupled with other studies, suggests that Q. spinosa might be a species complex within which no detectable morphological variation has been revealed. The four phylogenetic clades and some subclades with distinct geographical distribution should be regarded as independent management units for conservation purposes.展开更多
Conventional quantity determination of Chinese herbal medicines by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) must be carried out on a TLC scanner for measuring the marker component on the HPTLC plate. General...Conventional quantity determination of Chinese herbal medicines by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) must be carried out on a TLC scanner for measuring the marker component on the HPTLC plate. Generally the HPTLC image of the herbal drug always takes the photograph as the permanent visual document. Considering the photo of the HPTLC image preserving all the visual quality-related parameters, there might be an alternative cost/effective approach worth studying. It would be presumably applicable to use the exclusively developed software as a virtual scanner instead of the TLC Scanner instrument to do digital scanning, integrating and calculating target components in the photo of the HPTLC image. It means digitally scanning the photo of the HPTLC image solely with software does the same thing as the instrumental scanner does. Based on this protocol, we primarily conducted the assay of the contents of the major saponins, jujuboside a and jujuboside b, in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (Suan-Zao-Ren). Using home-developed software “digiscan” for acquiring the raw data and integrating the peaks area of the target components with “Origin Pro”, the contents of jujuboside a and jujuboside b can then be calculated respectively. The primary investigated experiment results were well compatible with official HPLC-ELSD method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The methodology validation and comparative analysis with HPLC confirmed that the unprecedented method is acceptable. The advantage of the recommended approach is far more simple, flexible and cost/effective than the conventional method, and it can be done at anytime and anywhere once only if the high quality HPTLC image photo is available. There would be a bright perspective for application to other herbal medicines. And the one-stop software for merging digital scanning, integration and calculation together is in progress.展开更多
Objective To investigate the apoptosis effect of Total alkaloids on human gastric cancer cells SGC-7901 from Capparis spinosa(C.S)and possible mechanism of it.Methods SGC-7901 cells were treated with different concent...Objective To investigate the apoptosis effect of Total alkaloids on human gastric cancer cells SGC-7901 from Capparis spinosa(C.S)and possible mechanism of it.Methods SGC-7901 cells were treated with different concentrations of the Total alkaloids in CS.MTT assay and SRB assay were used to observe the inhibitory rate of the Total alkaloids,and fluorescence microscope,flow cytometry and used to observe the influence of the Total alkaloids on cell apoptosis and cell cycle changes of SGC-7901.Results The results showed total alkaloids can inhibit the growth of human gastric adenoma cells SGC-7901.Measurements using mononuclear cell direct cytotoxicity assay(the MTT method)shows that its cytotoxic effect on SGC-7901 is strong,with IC50 being 142.895 μg·mL-1,respectively.Results from SRB assay show that the anticancer effect of Total alkaloids is cytostatic at low concentration,with LC50 for this cells being 41.271 μg·mL-1,respectively,but it becomes mainly cytotoxic at high concentration,with GI50 for SGC-7901 being 244·932 μg·mL-1,respectively.Total alkaloids can induce apoptosis in tumor cells.Forty-eight hours after they are treated with total alkaloids of different concentrations,SGC-7901 cells are stained with Hoechst33258 fluorochromes.Observation using a fluorescence microscope reveals that total alkaloids can cause the chromatin in tumor cell nuclei to condense and fragment.The nuclei condense into a uniform,dense mass and then break up.Sprouts keep on forming on the cell membrane and then dropping off,so that the cell breaks up into several apoptotic bodies of different sizes.As total alkaloids concentration is increased,these morphological changes under the microscope become more and more clear,indicating that the proportion of cells undergoing apoptosis is gradually increasing.After treating with 75,150 and 300 μg·mL-1 of the total alkaloids in C.S for 72 h,the apoptotic rates of SGC-7901 cells were 8.7%,14.309%,0.819%.Conclusions Inducing apoptosis is one of the anti-cancer mechanism of total alkaloids of C.S.展开更多
文摘Textile dyes are dramatic sources of pollution and non-aesthetic disturbance of aquatic life and therefore represent a potential risk of bioaccumulation that can affect living species.It is imperative to reduce or eliminate these dyes from liquid effluents with innovative biomaterials and methods.Therefore,this research aims to highlight the performance of Capparis spinosa L waste-activated carbon(CSLW-AC)adsorbent to remove crystal violet(CV)from an aqueous solution.The mechanism of CV adsorption on CSLW-AC was evaluated based on the coupling of experimental data and different characterization techniques.The efficiency of the CSLW-AC material reflected by the equilibrium adsorption capacity of CV could reach more than 195.671 mg·g^(–1) when 0.5 g·L^(–1) of CSLW-AC(Particle size≤250μm)is introduced into the CV of initial concentration of 100 mg·L^(–1) at pH 6 and temperature 65℃ and in the presence of potassium ions after 60 min of contact time according to the one parameter at a time studies.The adsorption behavior of CV on CSLW-AC was found to be consistent with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Frumkin's linear isothermal model.The thermodynamic aspects indicate that the process is physical,spontaneous,and endothermic.The optimization of the process by the Box Behnken design of experiments resulted in an adsorption capacity approaching 183.544 mg·g^(–1)([CV]=100 mg·L^(–1) and[CSLW-AC]=0.5 g·L^(–1) at 35 min).The results of the Lactuca sativa seeds germination in treated CV(70%),adsorbent solvent and thermal regeneration(more than 5 cycles),and process cost analysis(1.0484 USD·L^(–1))tests are encouraging and promising for future exploitations of the CSLW-AC material in different industrial fields.
文摘Ependymoma is a rare and chemotherapy-resistant brain tumor, which has resulted in a delay in the development of drugs to treat it. A subclass of supratentorial ependymomas (ST-EPN), designated ST-EPN-zinc finger-translocation-associated (ZFTA, ST-EPN-ZFTA), exhibits the expression of a fusion protein comprising ZFTA and v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (RELA), an effector transcription factor of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway (ZFTA-RELA). The expression of ZFTA-RELA results in the hyperactivation of the oncogenic NF-κB signaling pathway, which ultimately leads to the development of ST-EPN-ZFTA. To identify inhibitors of the NF-κB signaling pathway activated by the expression of ZFTA-RELA, we used a doxycycline-inducible ZFTA-RELA-expressing NF-κB reporter cell line and found that extracts of the fungus Neosartorya spinosa IFM 47025 exhibited NF-κB inhibitory activity. We identified eight compounds [aszonapyrone A (2), sartorypyrone A (3), epiheveadride (4), acetylaszonalenin (5), (R)-benzodiazepinedione (6), aszonalenin (7), sartorypyrone E (8) and (Z, Z)-N,N’-(1,2-bis[(4-methoxyphenyl)methylene]-1,2-ethanediyl)bis-formamide (9)] from N. spinosa IFM 47025 culture extract using a variety of chromatographic techniques. The structures of these compounds were identified through the analysis of various instrumental data (1D, 2D-NMR, MS, and optical rotation). The NF-κB responsive reporter assay indicated that compounds 2, 3, 5, 7, and 9 exhibited inhibitory activity. We further evaluated the inhibitory activity of these compounds against the expression of endogenous NF-κB responsive genes (CCND1, L1CAM, ICAM1, and TNF) and found that compound 2 showed significant inhibitory activity. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanism of action of compound 2, which may serve as a lead compound for the development of a novel therapy for ST-EPN-ZFTA.
文摘Objective:To investigate the larvicidal and pupicidal activity of spinosad against Anopheles stephensi Listen.Methods:Spinosad from the actinomycete,Saccharopolyspora spinosa was tested against Anopheles stephensi at different concentrations（0.01,0.02,0.04,0.06 and 0.08 ppm.）, and against first to fourth instar larvae and pupae.Results:The larval mortality ranged from 36.1±1.7 in（0.01 ppm） to 79.3±1.8（0.08 ppm） the first instar larva.The LC<sub>50</sub> and LC<sub>90</sub> values of first, second,third and fourth instar larva were 0.001,0.031,0.034,0.036 and 0.0113,0.102,0.111,0.113, respectively.The pupal mortality ranged from 33.0±2.0（0.01 ppm） to 80.0±0.9（0.08 ppm）.The LC<sub>50</sub> and LC<sub>90</sub> values were 0.028 and 0.1020,respectively.The reduction percentage of Anopheles larvae was 82.7%,91.4%and 96.0%after 24,48,72 hours,respectively,while more than 80% reduction was observed after 3 weeks.Conclusions:In the present study spinosad effectively caused mortality of mosquito larvae in both the laboratory and field trial.It is predicted that spinosad is likely to be an effective larvicide for treatment of mosquito breeding sites.
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No:81603289,81603251)Key Laboratory of Effective Substances Research and Utilization in TCM of Shanxi province(No:201605D111004)and Key Technology Research Zhen Dong Special Project from Shanxi Science and Technology Department(No:2016ZD0105).
文摘Ziziphi Spinosae Semen(ZSS),a traditional Chinese medicine,is used in clinics for the treatment of insomnia in China and other Asian countries.Herein,we described for the first time a comparative pharmacokinetics study of the six major compounds of ZSS in normal control(NC)and para-chlorophenylalanine(PCPA)-induced insomnia model(IM)rats that were orally administered the aqueous extract of ZSS.An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole orbitrap mass(UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS)method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of coclaurine,magnoflorine,spinosin,6000-feruloylspinosin,jujuboside A(JuA),and jujuboside B(JuB)in ZSS in rat plasma.The established approach was successfully applied to a comparative pharmacokinetic study.The systemic exposures of spinosin and 6000-feruloylspinosin were decreased in the IM group compared to the NC group,while plasma clearance(CL)was significantly increased.The Tmax values of JuA and JuB in IM rats were significantly lower than those in NC rats.The T1/2 of JuA in the IM group was significantly accelerated.The pharmacokinetic parameters of coclaurine and magnoflorine were not evidently affected between the two groups.These results indicate that the pathological state of insomnia altered the plasma pharmacokinetics of spinosin,6000-feruloylspinosin,JuA,and JuB in the ZSS aqueous extract,providing an experimental basis for the role of ZSS in insomnia treatment.The comparative pharmacokinetics-based UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS using full-scan mode can therefore provide a reliable and suitable means for the screening of potentially effective substances applied as quality markers of ZSS.
文摘Due to the scarcity of resources of Ziziphi spinosae semen （ZSS）, many inferior goods and even adulterants are generally found in medicine markets. To strengthen the quality control, HPLC fingerprint common pattern established in this paper showed three main bioactive compounds in one chromatogram simultaneously. Principal component analysis based on DAD signals could discriminate adulterants and inferiorities. Principal component analysis indicated that all samples could be mainly regrouped into two main clusters according to the first principal component （PC1, redefined as Vicenin II） and the second principal component （PC2, redefined as zizyphusine）. PC1 and PC2 could explain 91.42%of the variance. Content of zizyphusine fluctuated more greatly than that of spinosin, and this result was also confirmed by the HPTLC result. Samples with low content of jujubosides and two common adulterants could not be used equivalently with authenticated ones in clinic, while one reference standard extract could substitute the crude drug in pharmaceutical production. Giving special consideration to the well-known bioactive saponins but with low response by end absorption, a fast and cheap HPTLC method for quality control of ZSS was developed and the result obtained was commensurate well with that of HPLC analysis. Samples having similar fingerprints to HPTLC common pattern targeting at saponins could be regarded as authenticated ones. This work provided a faster and cheaper way for quality control of ZSS and laid foundation for establishing a more effective quality control method for ZSS.
基金supported by the Science Technology Commission of Zhejiang Province of China(No.2006C22031)
文摘We analyzed the advertisement call of Paa spinosa at Yuliang Mountain,Lanxi,Zhejiang Province,in eastern China.Temporal and spectral call parameters were analyzed,along with call intensity.Calls comprised of three to seven notes,the last of which had the longest duration.Three formants(harmonics)were clearly distinguishable from the audio spectrogram.The dominant frequency ranged from 411-1534 Hz,and was either the first or the second formant.The number of notes within a call was positively correlated to air temperature,so that calls contained more notes during the day.Also,the dominant frequency appeared to be lower at the highest temperature.
基金financially supported by the National Key Scientific Project for China New Drug Discovery and Twelfth Five-Year Plan-preclinical study on Suanzaoren granules(No.2014ZX09304306)the Key Technologies of Common Quality Evaluation of New Drugs(Grant no.2015010201)
文摘A sensitive,fast and comprehensive method for the quality assessment of Semen Ziziphi Spinosae(SZS)standard decoction with characterization of its chemical components was developed and validated.UPLC-Q/TOF-MS/MS system was used to identify thirty-six chemical components of SZS standard decoction which included nucleosides,phenolic acids,alkaloids,and flavonoids.Furthermore,a UPLC-PDA method was validated to simultaneously determine adenosine,protocatechuic acid,magnoflorine,catechin,protocatechin,vicenin II,spinosin,kaempferol-3-rutinoside,and 6'''-feruloylspinosin which represent four species of characteristic compounds.The qualitative method had been validated according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition)in terms of lineary,repeatability,recovery and stability for all analytes,with the results showing good precision,accuracy and stability.In conclusion,the method using UPLC combined with MS and PDA provided a novel way for the standardization and identification of SZS standard decoction,and also offered a basis for qualitative analysis and quality assessment of the preparations for SZS standard decoction.
文摘Objective:The column chromatographic fraction of ethyl acetate(EA1,EA2,EA3,EA4 and EA5) leaf extracts of Vangueria spinosa(V.spinosa) were screened for antibacterial activity and phytochemical analysis.Methods:EA3 fraction was isolated and identified by column chromatography,thin layer chromatography,spectral data analysis and phytochemical screening were used for analysis.Results:EA3 fraction was significantly active at 4 to 64 mg/L against Staphylococcus aureus,Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with minimum inhibitory concentration of 1.5625 to 3.1250 mg/mL.The active fraction(EA3) revealed the presence of flavonoid with retention factor value(R_f) of 0.39.The active antibacterial agent in the most potent fraction(EA3) was isolated and identified as flavonoid(-)-epicatechin-3-O-β-glucopyranoside by thin layer chromatography(TLC) and phytochemical screening.EA1 and EA2 show inhibitory activity at 4 to 64 mg/L against Staphylococcus aureus only where as fraction EA4 and EA5 do not shows any inhibitory activity within that range of concentration against any bacteria.Conclusions:The results support the ethnomedicinal use of leaf of V.spinosa for the treatment of bacterial diseases.
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.31172116 and No.31472015)the Major Science and Technology Specific Projects of Zhejiang Province of China(No.2010C12008)+2 种基金the project of the Science Technology Commission of Zhejiang Province of China(No.2011C22006)the Found for the science and technology innovation team of Zhejiang Province of China(No.2012R10026-07)the Key Program of the Twelfth Five Year New Aquatic Varieties Breeding Cooperation of Zhejiang Province of China(2012C12907-9)
文摘The giant spiny frog （Quasipaa spinosa） is an endangered species with a relatively small distribution limited to southern China and Northern Vietnam. This species is becoming increasingly threatened because of over-exploitation and habitat degradation. This study provides data on the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of the giant spiny frog to facilitate the further development of effective conservation recommendations for this economically important but threatened species. We examined 10 species-specific microsatellite loci and Cyt b genes （562 bp） collected from 13 wild populations across the entire range of this species. Results of 10 microsatellite loci analysis showed a generally high level of genetic diversity. Moreover, the genetic differentiation among all 12 populations was moderate to large （overall Fs7= 0.1057）. A total of 51 haplotypes were identified for Cyt b, which suggests high haplotype nucleotide diversities. Phylogeographic and population structure analyses using both DNA markers suggested that the wild giant spiny frog can be divided into four distinct major clades, i.e., Northern Vietnam, Western China, Central China, and Eastern China. The clades with significant genetic divergence are reproductively isolated, as evidenced by a high number of private alleles and strong incidence of failed amplification in microsatellite loci. Our research, coupled with other studies, suggests that Q. spinosa might be a species complex within which no detectable morphological variation has been revealed. The four phylogenetic clades and some subclades with distinct geographical distribution should be regarded as independent management units for conservation purposes.
文摘Conventional quantity determination of Chinese herbal medicines by High-Performance Thin-Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) must be carried out on a TLC scanner for measuring the marker component on the HPTLC plate. Generally the HPTLC image of the herbal drug always takes the photograph as the permanent visual document. Considering the photo of the HPTLC image preserving all the visual quality-related parameters, there might be an alternative cost/effective approach worth studying. It would be presumably applicable to use the exclusively developed software as a virtual scanner instead of the TLC Scanner instrument to do digital scanning, integrating and calculating target components in the photo of the HPTLC image. It means digitally scanning the photo of the HPTLC image solely with software does the same thing as the instrumental scanner does. Based on this protocol, we primarily conducted the assay of the contents of the major saponins, jujuboside a and jujuboside b, in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (Suan-Zao-Ren). Using home-developed software “digiscan” for acquiring the raw data and integrating the peaks area of the target components with “Origin Pro”, the contents of jujuboside a and jujuboside b can then be calculated respectively. The primary investigated experiment results were well compatible with official HPLC-ELSD method in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The methodology validation and comparative analysis with HPLC confirmed that the unprecedented method is acceptable. The advantage of the recommended approach is far more simple, flexible and cost/effective than the conventional method, and it can be done at anytime and anywhere once only if the high quality HPTLC image photo is available. There would be a bright perspective for application to other herbal medicines. And the one-stop software for merging digital scanning, integration and calculation together is in progress.
文摘Objective To investigate the apoptosis effect of Total alkaloids on human gastric cancer cells SGC-7901 from Capparis spinosa(C.S)and possible mechanism of it.Methods SGC-7901 cells were treated with different concentrations of the Total alkaloids in CS.MTT assay and SRB assay were used to observe the inhibitory rate of the Total alkaloids,and fluorescence microscope,flow cytometry and used to observe the influence of the Total alkaloids on cell apoptosis and cell cycle changes of SGC-7901.Results The results showed total alkaloids can inhibit the growth of human gastric adenoma cells SGC-7901.Measurements using mononuclear cell direct cytotoxicity assay(the MTT method)shows that its cytotoxic effect on SGC-7901 is strong,with IC50 being 142.895 μg·mL-1,respectively.Results from SRB assay show that the anticancer effect of Total alkaloids is cytostatic at low concentration,with LC50 for this cells being 41.271 μg·mL-1,respectively,but it becomes mainly cytotoxic at high concentration,with GI50 for SGC-7901 being 244·932 μg·mL-1,respectively.Total alkaloids can induce apoptosis in tumor cells.Forty-eight hours after they are treated with total alkaloids of different concentrations,SGC-7901 cells are stained with Hoechst33258 fluorochromes.Observation using a fluorescence microscope reveals that total alkaloids can cause the chromatin in tumor cell nuclei to condense and fragment.The nuclei condense into a uniform,dense mass and then break up.Sprouts keep on forming on the cell membrane and then dropping off,so that the cell breaks up into several apoptotic bodies of different sizes.As total alkaloids concentration is increased,these morphological changes under the microscope become more and more clear,indicating that the proportion of cells undergoing apoptosis is gradually increasing.After treating with 75,150 and 300 μg·mL-1 of the total alkaloids in C.S for 72 h,the apoptotic rates of SGC-7901 cells were 8.7%,14.309%,0.819%.Conclusions Inducing apoptosis is one of the anti-cancer mechanism of total alkaloids of C.S.
