We present a new pattern recognition system based on moving average and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), which can be used to process the original signal of the new polymer quartz piezoelectric crystal air-sensit...We present a new pattern recognition system based on moving average and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), which can be used to process the original signal of the new polymer quartz piezoelectric crystal air-sensitive sensor system we designed, called the new e-nose. Using the new e-nose, we obtain the template datum of Chinese spirits via a new pattern recognition system. To verify the effectiveness of the new pattern recognition system, we select three kinds of Chinese spirits to test, our results confirm that the new pattern recognition system can perfectly identify and distinguish between the Chinese spirits.展开更多
Alcohol consumption is a major health issue and associated with human cancers, such as liver and breast cancers. Alcohol was classed as carcinogen to human by IARC. We have performed in vivo and in vitro studies which...Alcohol consumption is a major health issue and associated with human cancers, such as liver and breast cancers. Alcohol was classed as carcinogen to human by IARC. We have performed in vivo and in vitro studies which demonstrate that diluted ethanol promotes cell proliferation and transformation and tumor formation. Consumption of liquor spirits (white wines) is a popular behavior. However, it is unclear whether liquor spirits affect cellular phenotypes of human cancers. At present study, we used diluted ethanol and liquor spirits (Sample #1 and Sample #2) to determine the changes in RNA polymerase III-dependent gene (Pol III gene) transcription, cell growth and colony formation in the different human cancer lines. The results indicate that low concentration of ethanol increases RNA Pol III gene transcription and rate of cell growth. However, both liquor spirits (Sample #1 and Sample #2) inhibit the activity of RNA Pol III genes and repress cell proliferation of the cancer lines, compared to diluted ethanol. The liquor spirits reduce the rate of colony formation of human breast cancer cells and esophageal carcinoma cells. The inhibitions of the liquor spirits to RNA Pol III genes, cell growth and colony formation are in a dose-dependent manner. These new findings suggest that the liquor spirits contain some active components to repress Pol III gene transcription and cell growth caused by ethanol in different human cancer cells.展开更多
At present, the value revealed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is under attack, and the consensus on human rights value is experiencing division globally,which asserts that "human rights can only be ...At present, the value revealed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is under attack, and the consensus on human rights value is experiencing division globally,which asserts that "human rights can only be provided by paradox". The root of this is that" reason ",the metaphysical nature of human rights proclaimed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,is infinitely magnified while the " spirit " is ignored. History and philosophy show that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights entails the Confucian ethical " spirit ".At this time,this potential factor is gradually emerging in the course of world history and became a force to bridge the global division of human rights values. The significance of Confucian ethics " spirit " to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights lies in: from the perspective of " spirit ", its holistic view, bridging individual rights and collective rights; its relational view focuses on the realization of human rights and transcends the " paradox of human right; progressing from the value consensus to common action, so that in the process of judging the progress of human rights in the world, we consider not only the value consensus, but also the common action.展开更多
Applying computer technology to the field of food safety,and how to identify liquor quickly and accurately,is of vital importance and has become a research focus.In this paper,sparse principal component analysis(SPCA)...Applying computer technology to the field of food safety,and how to identify liquor quickly and accurately,is of vital importance and has become a research focus.In this paper,sparse principal component analysis(SPCA)was applied to seek sparse factors of the mid-infrared(MIR)spectra of five famous vintage year Chinese spirits.The results showed while meeting the maximum explained variance,23 sparse principal components(PCs)were selected as features in a support vector machine(SVM)model,which obtained a 97%classification accuracy.By comparison principal component analysis(PCA)selected 10 PCs as features but only achieved an 83%classification accuracy.Although both approaches were better than a direct SVM approach based on the classification results(64%classification accuracy),they also demonstrated the importance of extracting sparse PCs,which captured most important information.The combination of computer technology SPCA and MIR provides a new and convenient method for liquor identification in food safety.展开更多
By the Soxhlet extraction, ethanol is used as extraction solvent of lees to determinate the total phenol content of Xiaoqu spirits lees. Folin-phenol method is handled to extract and to determine the reducing ability ...By the Soxhlet extraction, ethanol is used as extraction solvent of lees to determinate the total phenol content of Xiaoqu spirits lees. Folin-phenol method is handled to extract and to determine the reducing ability of extraction. The total phenolic content in the most suitable condition is determinated by the Folin-phenol method and the optimum extraction technological condition of total phenol is determinated by the experiment. The experimental results show that the optimization conditions of the determination methods of total phenolic content are determined by 3.5 mL for the Folin phenol reagent, 1:1 for the 10% Na2CO3 ratio and 30 min for the chromogenic reaction at room temperature. The optimum extraction technological condition of total phenol from lees is as following: solid-liquid ratio 1:12, ethanol concentration 100%, extraction temperature 80℃, extraction time 10 h.展开更多
Nowadays,as the globalization deepens,different civilizations around the globe have been gradually permeated into each other.The spirits of model,labor and craftsmanship represent new spiritual cultural strengths in t...Nowadays,as the globalization deepens,different civilizations around the globe have been gradually permeated into each other.The spirits of model,labor and craftsmanship represent new spiritual cultural strengths in the development of the contemporary society in China.Therefore,carrying forward these three spirits is conducive to spreading the unique Chinese culture brand to the whole world,and to making Chinese culture better to be present on the world stage and better-known to people of the whole world.This paper mainly analyzes the specific connotation and problems confronted by the spirits of model workers,labor and craftsmanship in the new era in China.Under such a context,the following important countermeasures are raised to provide theoretical help for better carrying forward these spirits in China.展开更多
As one of the most significant critical essays of T.S.Eliot,Tradition and Individual Talent has defined writing as a process during which the primitive oneness has seized the individual writer of figurative descriptio...As one of the most significant critical essays of T.S.Eliot,Tradition and Individual Talent has defined writing as a process during which the primitive oneness has seized the individual writer of figurative descriptions to help represent itself.This theory has latter been practiced in Eliot’s Wasteland,and shows its similarity with The Birth of Tragedy,written by Friedrick Nietzsche,the German philosopher.Eliot’s‘tradition’has been concluded by Nietzsche as‘Dionysian Spirit’,which represents oneness transcending good and evil,past and present,while‘individual talent’has resembled‘Apollonian Spirit’in the urge for original figuration as an apparatus.The paper aims to explain and compare the definitions of‘tradition’and‘individual talent’of Eliot’s work with that of‘Dionysian spirit’and‘Apollonian Spirit’in Nietzsche’s illustrations,so as to provide a deeper understanding of these two works by unveiling the individual and social sameness and difference of Eliot and Nietzsche.展开更多
A nearly 400-year-old collection of supernatural tales has found new popularity through a hit song inspired by its timeless social satire.NewsChina explores how storyteller Pu Songling's repeated failures in life ...A nearly 400-year-old collection of supernatural tales has found new popularity through a hit song inspired by its timeless social satire.NewsChina explores how storyteller Pu Songling's repeated failures in life spelled success for his posthumous masterwork.展开更多
The meeting on the standards internationalization work of advanced manufacturing was recently held in Beijing, with the aim to thoroughly implement the spirits for institutional opening up of the 20th CPC National Con...The meeting on the standards internationalization work of advanced manufacturing was recently held in Beijing, with the aim to thoroughly implement the spirits for institutional opening up of the 20th CPC National Congress, and accelerate improving the internationalization of standards in the field of advanced manufacturing.展开更多
“Tongguan Liqiao”acupuncture method established by Xuemin Shi,a master of traditional Chinese medicine in China and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,derives from the famous“Xing Nao Kai Qiao”thera...“Tongguan Liqiao”acupuncture method established by Xuemin Shi,a master of traditional Chinese medicine in China and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,derives from the famous“Xing Nao Kai Qiao”therapy(activating the brain and opening the orifices)acupuncture method.It fundamentally takes“adjusting the spirit”as the root of selecting acupoints based on syndrome differentiation.Neiguan(PC 6),Renzhong(DU 26),and Sanyinjiao(SP 6)are selected as the main acupoints to adjust the spirit and revive the brain,nourish the liver and kidney,which treats the root cause.Acupoints such as Lianquan(RN 23),Yifeng(SJ 17),Wangu(GB 12),and Fengchi(GB 20)in the neck region are selected for“unblocking orifices,”which relieves the symptoms.This acupuncture method features deep needling,which aligns with modern swallowing function anatomy.The method can improve the function of poststroke dysphagia by enhancing cerebral blood supply and metabolism and promoting neural functional remodeling.展开更多
A man with his face painted to appear like a spirit,participates in the He Neak Ta ritual in Phum Boeung village,northwest of Phnom Penh,Cambodia,on June 11.Cambodian villagers took part in a rare traditional guardian...A man with his face painted to appear like a spirit,participates in the He Neak Ta ritual in Phum Boeung village,northwest of Phnom Penh,Cambodia,on June 11.Cambodian villagers took part in a rare traditional guardian spirit ceremony praying for good fortune,rain,and prosperity as part of efforts to preserve this ancient tradition.展开更多
China’s Lunar New Year and Greece’s New Year’s Eve feature similar themes.G REECE and China have always diachronically pursued knowledge and cultural exchanges in a comprehensive way.But it would be remiss of me no...China’s Lunar New Year and Greece’s New Year’s Eve feature similar themes.G REECE and China have always diachronically pursued knowledge and cultural exchanges in a comprehensive way.But it would be remiss of me not to underscore that our cooperation also embraces a wide range of other sectors,and in a similar spirit of mutual understanding and growth as in the cultural regard.In the bilateral relations context,mutual understanding and a win-win conceptual framework is the ultimate aim of this systematic forging of such synergies.展开更多
In 2023,the building of a strong cultural country made solid progress,and constantly met the new spiritual and cultural requirements of the people,achieving in adding passion,substantiality and implications to the hap...In 2023,the building of a strong cultural country made solid progress,and constantly met the new spiritual and cultural requirements of the people,achieving in adding passion,substantiality and implications to the happy life in the new era.展开更多
The history of the relationship between Spiritism and Catholicism in Brazil can be traced through pivotal moments in the trajectory of the First Republic and the religious field since the 19th century,reflecting Brazi...The history of the relationship between Spiritism and Catholicism in Brazil can be traced through pivotal moments in the trajectory of the First Republic and the religious field since the 19th century,reflecting Brazil’s evolution into a modern,urban,and industrial society.Introduced to Brazil in the 1880s,Spiritism initially faced severe opposition from the Catholic Church,being dismissed as superstition and demon worship due to its engagement with death and spirits.Unlike Christianity,Spiritism denies the divinity of Jesus,the resurrection,and the sanctity of Church sacraments,viewing demons and angels merely as disembodied souls at different spiritual stages.Early perceptions were further complicated by the mixing of Spiritism with African and indigenous rites,which led critics to associate it with madness and mental health threats.However,the relationship between Catholicism and Spiritism in Brazil has evolved positively,particularly following the popularization of Spiritism by figures like Chico Xavier.Modern Brazilian society,characterized by increased education and religious syncretism,has grown more tolerant of diverse practices and beliefs,diminishing historical prejudices against Spiritists.This qualitative study,drawing on scholarly research and first-hand interviews,reveals that Spiritism's acceptance among Brazilian Catholics is due to its convergence with contemporary social values and the evolving profile of the average Catholic.Despite possessing a religion-like character,Spiritism is seen less as a distinct religion and more as a complementary set of practices and beliefs that enhance Catholic faith.This phenomenon mirrors the integration of Agama Hindu practices,reinforcing rather than undermining traditional religious identities.展开更多
Based on the teaching concept of “Ideological and Political Education in the Curriculum”, taking the curriculum of “Human Resource Management” as an example, this paper explores the reform of ideological and polit...Based on the teaching concept of “Ideological and Political Education in the Curriculum”, taking the curriculum of “Human Resource Management” as an example, this paper explores the reform of ideological and political education design from the perspective of moral education objectives and teaching contents. The course takes “carrying forward the craftsmanship spirit” as the main line, and takes” constructing a pattern of high-quality education” as the main task, which not only cultivates students’ professional skills in human resource management, but also integrates ideological and political elements into all modules of human resource management, pays attention to students’ ideological trends and attaches importance to students’ ideological education. In the teaching content, the course introduces ideological and political elements such as craftsmanship spirit, entrepreneurship spirit and Chinese traditional culture. In the recruitment and selection section, the importance of craftsmanship spirit is emphasized, and talents who strive for excellence and excellence are advocated for selection. In the performance management section, combined with entrepreneurial spirit, the value of innovation driven and efficient execution is explored. When discussing about employee development, it is important to integrate socialist core values and balance individual and collective interests. In the chapter of corporate culture, we will delve into the essence of traditional Chinese culture, such as team harmony, integrity, and professionalism to cultivate a good organizational atmosphere. Ideological and political education in the curriculum of Human Resource Management uses case analysis, group discussions and other forms to enhance students’ political identity, ideological identity and emotional identity, so as to deepen students’ professional ideal and ethics education.展开更多
Python Spirit on the Baga Coast FREDERICK JOHN LAMP 5 Continents Editions Srl This book offers a comprehensive,interdisciplinary exploration of Baga culture,focusing specifically on the Serpent masquerade.Authored by ...Python Spirit on the Baga Coast FREDERICK JOHN LAMP 5 Continents Editions Srl This book offers a comprehensive,interdisciplinary exploration of Baga culture,focusing specifically on the Serpent masquerade.Authored by an art historian,it incorporates diverse perspectives from prominent scientists such as Robert J.Koestler,Roy Sieber,Dennis William Stevenson,Mark T.Wypyski and Peter J.Zanzucchi.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2013AA030901)
文摘We present a new pattern recognition system based on moving average and linear discriminant analysis (LDA), which can be used to process the original signal of the new polymer quartz piezoelectric crystal air-sensitive sensor system we designed, called the new e-nose. Using the new e-nose, we obtain the template datum of Chinese spirits via a new pattern recognition system. To verify the effectiveness of the new pattern recognition system, we select three kinds of Chinese spirits to test, our results confirm that the new pattern recognition system can perfectly identify and distinguish between the Chinese spirits.
文摘Alcohol consumption is a major health issue and associated with human cancers, such as liver and breast cancers. Alcohol was classed as carcinogen to human by IARC. We have performed in vivo and in vitro studies which demonstrate that diluted ethanol promotes cell proliferation and transformation and tumor formation. Consumption of liquor spirits (white wines) is a popular behavior. However, it is unclear whether liquor spirits affect cellular phenotypes of human cancers. At present study, we used diluted ethanol and liquor spirits (Sample #1 and Sample #2) to determine the changes in RNA polymerase III-dependent gene (Pol III gene) transcription, cell growth and colony formation in the different human cancer lines. The results indicate that low concentration of ethanol increases RNA Pol III gene transcription and rate of cell growth. However, both liquor spirits (Sample #1 and Sample #2) inhibit the activity of RNA Pol III genes and repress cell proliferation of the cancer lines, compared to diluted ethanol. The liquor spirits reduce the rate of colony formation of human breast cancer cells and esophageal carcinoma cells. The inhibitions of the liquor spirits to RNA Pol III genes, cell growth and colony formation are in a dose-dependent manner. These new findings suggest that the liquor spirits contain some active components to repress Pol III gene transcription and cell growth caused by ethanol in different human cancer cells.
文摘At present, the value revealed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is under attack, and the consensus on human rights value is experiencing division globally,which asserts that "human rights can only be provided by paradox". The root of this is that" reason ",the metaphysical nature of human rights proclaimed in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,is infinitely magnified while the " spirit " is ignored. History and philosophy show that the Universal Declaration of Human Rights entails the Confucian ethical " spirit ".At this time,this potential factor is gradually emerging in the course of world history and became a force to bridge the global division of human rights values. The significance of Confucian ethics " spirit " to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights lies in: from the perspective of " spirit ", its holistic view, bridging individual rights and collective rights; its relational view focuses on the realization of human rights and transcends the " paradox of human right; progressing from the value consensus to common action, so that in the process of judging the progress of human rights in the world, we consider not only the value consensus, but also the common action.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(Grant Number:61962010).
文摘Applying computer technology to the field of food safety,and how to identify liquor quickly and accurately,is of vital importance and has become a research focus.In this paper,sparse principal component analysis(SPCA)was applied to seek sparse factors of the mid-infrared(MIR)spectra of five famous vintage year Chinese spirits.The results showed while meeting the maximum explained variance,23 sparse principal components(PCs)were selected as features in a support vector machine(SVM)model,which obtained a 97%classification accuracy.By comparison principal component analysis(PCA)selected 10 PCs as features but only achieved an 83%classification accuracy.Although both approaches were better than a direct SVM approach based on the classification results(64%classification accuracy),they also demonstrated the importance of extracting sparse PCs,which captured most important information.The combination of computer technology SPCA and MIR provides a new and convenient method for liquor identification in food safety.
文摘By the Soxhlet extraction, ethanol is used as extraction solvent of lees to determinate the total phenol content of Xiaoqu spirits lees. Folin-phenol method is handled to extract and to determine the reducing ability of extraction. The total phenolic content in the most suitable condition is determinated by the Folin-phenol method and the optimum extraction technological condition of total phenol is determinated by the experiment. The experimental results show that the optimization conditions of the determination methods of total phenolic content are determined by 3.5 mL for the Folin phenol reagent, 1:1 for the 10% Na2CO3 ratio and 30 min for the chromogenic reaction at room temperature. The optimum extraction technological condition of total phenol from lees is as following: solid-liquid ratio 1:12, ethanol concentration 100%, extraction temperature 80℃, extraction time 10 h.
文摘Nowadays,as the globalization deepens,different civilizations around the globe have been gradually permeated into each other.The spirits of model,labor and craftsmanship represent new spiritual cultural strengths in the development of the contemporary society in China.Therefore,carrying forward these three spirits is conducive to spreading the unique Chinese culture brand to the whole world,and to making Chinese culture better to be present on the world stage and better-known to people of the whole world.This paper mainly analyzes the specific connotation and problems confronted by the spirits of model workers,labor and craftsmanship in the new era in China.Under such a context,the following important countermeasures are raised to provide theoretical help for better carrying forward these spirits in China.
文摘As one of the most significant critical essays of T.S.Eliot,Tradition and Individual Talent has defined writing as a process during which the primitive oneness has seized the individual writer of figurative descriptions to help represent itself.This theory has latter been practiced in Eliot’s Wasteland,and shows its similarity with The Birth of Tragedy,written by Friedrick Nietzsche,the German philosopher.Eliot’s‘tradition’has been concluded by Nietzsche as‘Dionysian Spirit’,which represents oneness transcending good and evil,past and present,while‘individual talent’has resembled‘Apollonian Spirit’in the urge for original figuration as an apparatus.The paper aims to explain and compare the definitions of‘tradition’and‘individual talent’of Eliot’s work with that of‘Dionysian spirit’and‘Apollonian Spirit’in Nietzsche’s illustrations,so as to provide a deeper understanding of these two works by unveiling the individual and social sameness and difference of Eliot and Nietzsche.
文摘A nearly 400-year-old collection of supernatural tales has found new popularity through a hit song inspired by its timeless social satire.NewsChina explores how storyteller Pu Songling's repeated failures in life spelled success for his posthumous masterwork.
文摘The meeting on the standards internationalization work of advanced manufacturing was recently held in Beijing, with the aim to thoroughly implement the spirits for institutional opening up of the 20th CPC National Congress, and accelerate improving the internationalization of standards in the field of advanced manufacturing.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1705004)Tianjin Science and Technology Plan Project(21JCZDJC00890)National Natural Science Foundation of China(82374578).
文摘“Tongguan Liqiao”acupuncture method established by Xuemin Shi,a master of traditional Chinese medicine in China and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering,derives from the famous“Xing Nao Kai Qiao”therapy(activating the brain and opening the orifices)acupuncture method.It fundamentally takes“adjusting the spirit”as the root of selecting acupoints based on syndrome differentiation.Neiguan(PC 6),Renzhong(DU 26),and Sanyinjiao(SP 6)are selected as the main acupoints to adjust the spirit and revive the brain,nourish the liver and kidney,which treats the root cause.Acupoints such as Lianquan(RN 23),Yifeng(SJ 17),Wangu(GB 12),and Fengchi(GB 20)in the neck region are selected for“unblocking orifices,”which relieves the symptoms.This acupuncture method features deep needling,which aligns with modern swallowing function anatomy.The method can improve the function of poststroke dysphagia by enhancing cerebral blood supply and metabolism and promoting neural functional remodeling.
文摘A man with his face painted to appear like a spirit,participates in the He Neak Ta ritual in Phum Boeung village,northwest of Phnom Penh,Cambodia,on June 11.Cambodian villagers took part in a rare traditional guardian spirit ceremony praying for good fortune,rain,and prosperity as part of efforts to preserve this ancient tradition.
文摘China’s Lunar New Year and Greece’s New Year’s Eve feature similar themes.G REECE and China have always diachronically pursued knowledge and cultural exchanges in a comprehensive way.But it would be remiss of me not to underscore that our cooperation also embraces a wide range of other sectors,and in a similar spirit of mutual understanding and growth as in the cultural regard.In the bilateral relations context,mutual understanding and a win-win conceptual framework is the ultimate aim of this systematic forging of such synergies.
文摘In 2023,the building of a strong cultural country made solid progress,and constantly met the new spiritual and cultural requirements of the people,achieving in adding passion,substantiality and implications to the happy life in the new era.
文摘The history of the relationship between Spiritism and Catholicism in Brazil can be traced through pivotal moments in the trajectory of the First Republic and the religious field since the 19th century,reflecting Brazil’s evolution into a modern,urban,and industrial society.Introduced to Brazil in the 1880s,Spiritism initially faced severe opposition from the Catholic Church,being dismissed as superstition and demon worship due to its engagement with death and spirits.Unlike Christianity,Spiritism denies the divinity of Jesus,the resurrection,and the sanctity of Church sacraments,viewing demons and angels merely as disembodied souls at different spiritual stages.Early perceptions were further complicated by the mixing of Spiritism with African and indigenous rites,which led critics to associate it with madness and mental health threats.However,the relationship between Catholicism and Spiritism in Brazil has evolved positively,particularly following the popularization of Spiritism by figures like Chico Xavier.Modern Brazilian society,characterized by increased education and religious syncretism,has grown more tolerant of diverse practices and beliefs,diminishing historical prejudices against Spiritists.This qualitative study,drawing on scholarly research and first-hand interviews,reveals that Spiritism's acceptance among Brazilian Catholics is due to its convergence with contemporary social values and the evolving profile of the average Catholic.Despite possessing a religion-like character,Spiritism is seen less as a distinct religion and more as a complementary set of practices and beliefs that enhance Catholic faith.This phenomenon mirrors the integration of Agama Hindu practices,reinforcing rather than undermining traditional religious identities.
文摘Based on the teaching concept of “Ideological and Political Education in the Curriculum”, taking the curriculum of “Human Resource Management” as an example, this paper explores the reform of ideological and political education design from the perspective of moral education objectives and teaching contents. The course takes “carrying forward the craftsmanship spirit” as the main line, and takes” constructing a pattern of high-quality education” as the main task, which not only cultivates students’ professional skills in human resource management, but also integrates ideological and political elements into all modules of human resource management, pays attention to students’ ideological trends and attaches importance to students’ ideological education. In the teaching content, the course introduces ideological and political elements such as craftsmanship spirit, entrepreneurship spirit and Chinese traditional culture. In the recruitment and selection section, the importance of craftsmanship spirit is emphasized, and talents who strive for excellence and excellence are advocated for selection. In the performance management section, combined with entrepreneurial spirit, the value of innovation driven and efficient execution is explored. When discussing about employee development, it is important to integrate socialist core values and balance individual and collective interests. In the chapter of corporate culture, we will delve into the essence of traditional Chinese culture, such as team harmony, integrity, and professionalism to cultivate a good organizational atmosphere. Ideological and political education in the curriculum of Human Resource Management uses case analysis, group discussions and other forms to enhance students’ political identity, ideological identity and emotional identity, so as to deepen students’ professional ideal and ethics education.
文摘Python Spirit on the Baga Coast FREDERICK JOHN LAMP 5 Continents Editions Srl This book offers a comprehensive,interdisciplinary exploration of Baga culture,focusing specifically on the Serpent masquerade.Authored by an art historian,it incorporates diverse perspectives from prominent scientists such as Robert J.Koestler,Roy Sieber,Dennis William Stevenson,Mark T.Wypyski and Peter J.Zanzucchi.