Two novel spiro compounds,3-benzylidene-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane-2,4-dione 1 and 3-(2-fluorobenzylidene)-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane-2,4-dione 2,have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray single-crystal dif...Two novel spiro compounds,3-benzylidene-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane-2,4-dione 1 and 3-(2-fluorobenzylidene)-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane-2,4-dione 2,have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction,IR and elemental analysis.Compound 1 belongs to the monoclinic system,space group P21/n with a=12.326(3),b=5.6420(11),c=20.089(4),β= 101.79(3)o,C16H16O4,Mr= 272.29,V=1367.7(5)3,Z=4,Dc=1.322g/cm3,F(000)=576,μ(MoKa)=0.095 mm-1,the final R=0.0420 and wR=0.1159.Compound 2 is of monoclinic system,space group P21/n with a=12.283(3),b=5.6367(11),c=20.055(4),β=102.00(3)o,C16H15FO4,Mr=290.28,V=1358.2(5)3,Z=4,Dc=1.420 g/cm3,F(000)=608,μ(MoKa)=0.110 mm-1,the final R=0.0353 and wR=0.0860.展开更多
The photochromic spiropyrans and spirooxazine having a succinimidyl ester or isothiocyanate pendant group can form covalent products with transaminated DNA. The absorption spectra and solid reflection spectra of modi...The photochromic spiropyrans and spirooxazine having a succinimidyl ester or isothiocyanate pendant group can form covalent products with transaminated DNA. The absorption spectra and solid reflection spectra of modified DNA with these photochromic spiro compounds were investigated.展开更多
X2Si=Ge: (X = H, Me, F, CI, Br, Ph, Ar...) is a new species. Its cycloaddition reaction is a new area for the study of germylene chemistry. The mechanism of cycloaddition reaction between singlet state Me2Si=Ge: a...X2Si=Ge: (X = H, Me, F, CI, Br, Ph, Ar...) is a new species. Its cycloaddition reaction is a new area for the study of germylene chemistry. The mechanism of cycloaddition reaction between singlet state Me2Si=Ge: and formaldehyde has been investigated with the CCSD(T)//MP2/cc-pvtz method. From the potential energy profile, it could be predicted that the reaction has one dominant reaction pathway. The reaction rule presented is that the two reactants first form a four-membered Si-heterocyclic ring germylene through the [2+2] cycloaddition reaction. Because of the 4p unoccupied orbital of Ge: atom in the four-membered Si-heterocyclic ring germylene and the π orbital of formaldehyde form a π→p donor-acceptor bond, the four-membered Si-heterocyclic ring germylene further combines with formaldehyde to form an intermediate. Because the Ge atom in the intermediate undergoes sp^3 hybridization after transition state, then the intermediate isomerizes to a spiro-Ge-heterocyclic ring compound involving Si via a transition state. The research result indicates the laws of cycloaddition reaction between HzSi=Ge: and formaldehyde. It has important reference value for the cycloaddition reaction between X2Si=Ge: (X = H, Me, F, CI, Br, Ph, Ar…) and asymmetric to-bonded compounds, which is significant for the synthesis of small-ring and spiro-Ge-heterocyclic compounds involving Si. The study extends research area and enriches the research content of germylene chemistry.展开更多
Chiral spirocyclic compounds have attracted the attention of scholars and scientists owing to their potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry as either active pharmaceutical ingredients, catalysts in synth...Chiral spirocyclic compounds have attracted the attention of scholars and scientists owing to their potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry as either active pharmaceutical ingredients, catalysts in synthesizing active enantiomers, or as surface modifiers on silica particles to resolve entantiomers. In this study, five spiro compounds of 3,9-diphenyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]-undecane(1), 3,9-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro [5.5] -undecane(2), 3,9-(4-methylphenyl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro [5.5] -undecane(3), 4,4'-(2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,9-diyl)dibenzoic acid(4) and 3,9-di(4-formyl-phenyl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-spiro[5.5]-undecane(5) were synthesized by grinding pentaerythritol with benzaldehyde, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, 4-methylbenzaldehyde, 4-carboxybenzaldehyde or terephthalaldehyde monoacetal in the presence of InI3r3 under solvent-free conditions. A normal phase HPLC method was successfully developed to resolve entantiomers of compounds 1--5 on a chiral column. Specific optical rotation of R or S entantiomers(1) was determined and the corresponding configurations were proposed based on Lowe's rule.展开更多
A series of spiro, β-Lactams, and thiazolidinones incorporating compounds 4 have been synthesized by cycloaddition reaction of, chloroacetyl chloride and mercaptoacetic acid with the synthesized Shiff,s bases 5a-c to...A series of spiro, β-Lactams, and thiazolidinones incorporating compounds 4 have been synthesized by cycloaddition reaction of, chloroacetyl chloride and mercaptoacetic acid with the synthesized Shiff,s bases 5a-c to give new spiro β- Lactam 6a-c and spiro thiazolidinone 7a-c the cycloaddition were characterized by spectral data including HNMR, 13C-NMR, IR and elemental analysis.展开更多
The crystal of the title compound 6 has been prepared and determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. It belongs to the orthorhombic system, space group P212121 with a = 10.195(2), b = 11.955(2), c = 14.335(3) ?, C16H...The crystal of the title compound 6 has been prepared and determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. It belongs to the orthorhombic system, space group P212121 with a = 10.195(2), b = 11.955(2), c = 14.335(3) ?, C16H21BrO7, Mr = 405.24, V = 1747.0(6) ?3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.541 g/cm3, μ = 2.387 mm-1, F(000) = 832, R = 0.0266 and wR = 0.0348 for 2110 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). The crystal exhibits a characteristic spiral structure consisting of one cyclopropane and two butyrolactones with envelope configuration. The intermolecular hydrogen bond between C(16)– H(16)…O(1) and C(3)–H(3)…O(2) has been observed in the crystal lattice.展开更多
The X2Ge=Si: (X = H, Me, F, reaction is a new area for the study of silylene between singlet CI2Ge=Si: and formaldehyde CI, Br, Ph, At...) is a new species. Its cycloaddition chemistry. The mechanism of cycloaddit...The X2Ge=Si: (X = H, Me, F, reaction is a new area for the study of silylene between singlet CI2Ge=Si: and formaldehyde CI, Br, Ph, At...) is a new species. Its cycloaddition chemistry. The mechanism of cycloaddition reaction has been investigated with CCSD(T)//MP2/6-31G* method. From the potential energy profile, it can be predicted that the reaction has two competitive dominant reaction pathways. The reaction rule presented is that the two reactants firstly form a four-membered Ge-heterocyclic ring silylene through the [2+2] cycloaddition reaction. Owing to the 3p unoccupied orbital of Si: atom in the four-membered Ge-heterocyclic ring silylene and the π orbital of formaldehyde forming a π-p donor-acceptor bond, the four-membered Ge-heterocyclic ring silylene further combines with formaldehyde to form an intermediate. Because the Si: atom in intermediate shows sp3 hybridization after transition state, the intermediate isomerizes to a spiro-Si-heterocyclic ring compound involving Ge via a transition state. Simultaneously, the ring strain of the four-membered Ge-heterocyclic ring silylene makes it isomerize to a twisted four-membered ring product. The research result indicates the laws of cycloaddition reaction between X2Ge=Si: (X = H, Me, F, C1, Br, Ph, Ar...) and the asymmetric g-bonded compounds, which are significant for the synthesis of small-ring and spiro-Si-heterocyclic ring compound involving Ge The study extends the research area and enriches the research content of silvlene chemistrv.展开更多
The title compound 3,9-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane 4(C17H18N2O4) has been synthesized by the reaction of 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol with pyridine-2-carbaldehyde in the prese...The title compound 3,9-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane 4(C17H18N2O4) has been synthesized by the reaction of 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol with pyridine-2-carbaldehyde in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid,and characterized by IR,1H-NMR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction.The crystal belongs to monoclinic system,space group C2/c with a = 25.133(2),b = 5.7219(5),c = 21.942(2)(A°) ,β = 99.145(2)°,V = 3115.3(5)(A°)^3,Z = 8,Dc = 1.340 g/cm^3,Mr = 314.33,F(000) = 1328,μ = 0.097 mm-1,MoKa radiation(λ = 0.71073),R = 0.0352 and wR = 0.1022 for 2486 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ(I).X-ray analysis reveals that the two 1,3-dioxane rings passing through the central spiro-C atom both adopt chair conformation.Intermolecular C-H…π,C-H…O and C-H…N weak interactions link the molecules to form a three-dimensional samdwich,which are effective in the stabilization of the crystal structure.展开更多
X2Si=Sn:(X = H, Me, F, Cl, Br, Ph, Ar…) are new species of chemistry. The cycloaddition reaction of X2Si=Sn: is a new study field of stannylene chemistry. To explore the rules of cycloaddition reaction between X2Si=S...X2Si=Sn:(X = H, Me, F, Cl, Br, Ph, Ar…) are new species of chemistry. The cycloaddition reaction of X2Si=Sn: is a new study field of stannylene chemistry. To explore the rules of cycloaddition reaction between X2Si=Sn: and the symmetric p-bonded compounds, the cycloaddition reactions of Cl2Si=Sn: and ethylene were selected as model reactions in this paper.The mechanism of cycloaddition reaction between singlet Cl2Si=Sn: and ethylene has been first investigated with the MP2/GENECP(C, H, Cl, Si in 6-311++G**;Sn in LanL2dz) method in this paper. From the potential energy profile, it could be predicted that the reaction has one dominant reaction channel. The reaction rule presented is that the 5p unoccupied orbital of Sn in Cl2Si=Sn: and the π orbital of ethylene forming a p→p donor-acceptor bond, resulting in the formation of an intermediate. Instability of the intermediate makes it isomerize to a four-membered Si-heterocyclic ring stannylene. Because the 5p unoccupied orbital of Sn atom in the four-membered Si-heterocyclic ring stannylene and the π orbital of ethylene form a p→p donor-acceptor bond, the four-membered Si-heterocyclic ring stannylene further combines with ethene to form another intermediate. Because the Sn atom in the intermediate shows sp3 hybridization after transition state, the intermediate isomerizes to a Si-heterocyclic spiro-Sn-heterocyclic ring compound. The research result indicates the laws of cycloaddition reaction between X2Si=Sn: and the symmetric π-bonded compounds. The study opens up a new research field for stannylene chemistry.展开更多
The 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane(DABCO) catalyzed reaction of cyclohexane-1,3-dione or dimedone with various aldehydes in acetonitrile resulted in the polysubstituted tetraketones, spiro dihydrofurans or 1,8-dioxo-...The 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane(DABCO) catalyzed reaction of cyclohexane-1,3-dione or dimedone with various aldehydes in acetonitrile resulted in the polysubstituted tetraketones, spiro dihydrofurans or 1,8-dioxo-xanthenes derivatives as main products respectively according to the structure of reactants and reaction conditions.展开更多
A novel compound of chiral spiro{1-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-N-cyclohexyl-butyro-lactam-6-oxo-dirings[3.1.0]hexane-2,3'-(4'-diphenylcarbinol-5'-menthyloxy-butyrolatone)} was synthesized via tandem nucleophilic substituti...A novel compound of chiral spiro{1-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-N-cyclohexyl-butyro-lactam-6-oxo-dirings[3.1.0]hexane-2,3'-(4'-diphenylcarbinol-5'-menthyloxy-butyrolatone)} was synthesized via tandem nucleophilic substitution reaction under mild conditions, and its structure was determined by IR, ^1H NMR, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure of this compound is of monoclinic system, space group P21 with a = 9.7356(9), b = 12.2760(12), c = 14.9577(14) A, β = 101.0300(10)°, Mr = 680.66, Z = 2, V = 1754.6(3) A^3, Dc = 1.288 g/cm^3, p(MoKα) = 1.216 mm^-1, F(000) = 716, the final R = 0.0434 and wR = 0.0996.展开更多
The title compound (C19H18O5S2) has been synthesized by the reaction of thio- phene-2-carboxaldehyde, isopropylidene malonate and 4-chloroaniline using [bmim]Br as solvent, and characterized by IR, ^1H NMR and X-ray...The title compound (C19H18O5S2) has been synthesized by the reaction of thio- phene-2-carboxaldehyde, isopropylidene malonate and 4-chloroaniline using [bmim]Br as solvent, and characterized by IR, ^1H NMR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The crystal belongs to monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 9.4872(15), b = 9.5148(13), c = 20.634(3)A, β= 92.209(2)°, V= 1861.2(4)A^3, Mr= 390.45, Z = 4, Dc = 1.393 g/cm^3,μ(MoKα) = 0.313 mm^-1, F(000) = 816, the final R = 0.0685 and wR = 0.1685. X-ray analysis reveals that two six-membered rings adopt chair and planar conformations, respectively.展开更多
We demonstrate a simple and fast post-deposition treatment with high process compatibility on the hole transport material(HTM) Spiro-MeOTAD in vapor-assisted solution processed methylammonium lead triiodide(CH3NH3P...We demonstrate a simple and fast post-deposition treatment with high process compatibility on the hole transport material(HTM) Spiro-MeOTAD in vapor-assisted solution processed methylammonium lead triiodide(CH3NH3PbI3)-based solar cells. The prepared Co-doped p-type Spiro-MeOTAD films are treated by O3 at room temperature for 5 min,10 min, and 20 min, respectively, prior to the deposition of the metal electrodes. Compared with the traditional oxidation of Spiro-MeOTAD films overnight in dry air, our fast O3 treatment of HTM at room temperature only needs just 10 min,and a relative 40.3% increment in the power conversion efficiency is observed with respect to the result of without-treated perovskite solar cells. This improvement of efficiency is mainly attributed to the obvious increase of the fill factor and short-circuit current density, despite a slight decrease in the open-circuit voltage. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy(UPS) and Hall effect measurement method are employed in our study to determine the changes of properties after O3 treatment in HTM. It is found that after the HTM is exposed to O3, its p-type doping level is enhanced. The enhancement of conductivity and Hall mobility of the film, resulting from the improvement in p-doping level of HTM, leads to better performances of perovskite solar cells. Best power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) of 13.05% and 16.39% are achieved with most properly optimized HTM via CH3NH3I vapor-assisted method and traditional single-step method respectively.展开更多
The spiro-calix[4]arenes 3a-b can he synthesized conveniently by the reaction of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene (1a) or calix[4]arene (1b) with pentaerythritol tetrakis(2-chloroacetate) (2).
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (No. Y2008B29)
文摘Two novel spiro compounds,3-benzylidene-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane-2,4-dione 1 and 3-(2-fluorobenzylidene)-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane-2,4-dione 2,have been synthesized and characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction,IR and elemental analysis.Compound 1 belongs to the monoclinic system,space group P21/n with a=12.326(3),b=5.6420(11),c=20.089(4),β= 101.79(3)o,C16H16O4,Mr= 272.29,V=1367.7(5)3,Z=4,Dc=1.322g/cm3,F(000)=576,μ(MoKa)=0.095 mm-1,the final R=0.0420 and wR=0.1159.Compound 2 is of monoclinic system,space group P21/n with a=12.283(3),b=5.6367(11),c=20.055(4),β=102.00(3)o,C16H15FO4,Mr=290.28,V=1358.2(5)3,Z=4,Dc=1.420 g/cm3,F(000)=608,μ(MoKa)=0.110 mm-1,the final R=0.0353 and wR=0.0860.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.29872015,29832030)
文摘The photochromic spiropyrans and spirooxazine having a succinimidyl ester or isothiocyanate pendant group can form covalent products with transaminated DNA. The absorption spectra and solid reflection spectra of modified DNA with these photochromic spiro compounds were investigated.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51102114)
文摘X2Si=Ge: (X = H, Me, F, CI, Br, Ph, Ar...) is a new species. Its cycloaddition reaction is a new area for the study of germylene chemistry. The mechanism of cycloaddition reaction between singlet state Me2Si=Ge: and formaldehyde has been investigated with the CCSD(T)//MP2/cc-pvtz method. From the potential energy profile, it could be predicted that the reaction has one dominant reaction pathway. The reaction rule presented is that the two reactants first form a four-membered Si-heterocyclic ring germylene through the [2+2] cycloaddition reaction. Because of the 4p unoccupied orbital of Ge: atom in the four-membered Si-heterocyclic ring germylene and the π orbital of formaldehyde form a π→p donor-acceptor bond, the four-membered Si-heterocyclic ring germylene further combines with formaldehyde to form an intermediate. Because the Ge atom in the intermediate undergoes sp^3 hybridization after transition state, then the intermediate isomerizes to a spiro-Ge-heterocyclic ring compound involving Si via a transition state. The research result indicates the laws of cycloaddition reaction between HzSi=Ge: and formaldehyde. It has important reference value for the cycloaddition reaction between X2Si=Ge: (X = H, Me, F, CI, Br, Ph, Ar…) and asymmetric to-bonded compounds, which is significant for the synthesis of small-ring and spiro-Ge-heterocyclic compounds involving Si. The study extends research area and enriches the research content of germylene chemistry.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20472064)the Natural Science Foundation of Tian- jin city, China(No.040884311)
文摘Chiral spirocyclic compounds have attracted the attention of scholars and scientists owing to their potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry as either active pharmaceutical ingredients, catalysts in synthesizing active enantiomers, or as surface modifiers on silica particles to resolve entantiomers. In this study, five spiro compounds of 3,9-diphenyl-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]-undecane(1), 3,9-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro [5.5] -undecane(2), 3,9-(4-methylphenyl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro [5.5] -undecane(3), 4,4'-(2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,9-diyl)dibenzoic acid(4) and 3,9-di(4-formyl-phenyl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxa-spiro[5.5]-undecane(5) were synthesized by grinding pentaerythritol with benzaldehyde, 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, 4-methylbenzaldehyde, 4-carboxybenzaldehyde or terephthalaldehyde monoacetal in the presence of InI3r3 under solvent-free conditions. A normal phase HPLC method was successfully developed to resolve entantiomers of compounds 1--5 on a chiral column. Specific optical rotation of R or S entantiomers(1) was determined and the corresponding configurations were proposed based on Lowe's rule.
文摘A series of spiro, β-Lactams, and thiazolidinones incorporating compounds 4 have been synthesized by cycloaddition reaction of, chloroacetyl chloride and mercaptoacetic acid with the synthesized Shiff,s bases 5a-c to give new spiro β- Lactam 6a-c and spiro thiazolidinone 7a-c the cycloaddition were characterized by spectral data including HNMR, 13C-NMR, IR and elemental analysis.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 29672004)
文摘The crystal of the title compound 6 has been prepared and determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. It belongs to the orthorhombic system, space group P212121 with a = 10.195(2), b = 11.955(2), c = 14.335(3) ?, C16H21BrO7, Mr = 405.24, V = 1747.0(6) ?3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.541 g/cm3, μ = 2.387 mm-1, F(000) = 832, R = 0.0266 and wR = 0.0348 for 2110 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). The crystal exhibits a characteristic spiral structure consisting of one cyclopropane and two butyrolactones with envelope configuration. The intermolecular hydrogen bond between C(16)– H(16)…O(1) and C(3)–H(3)…O(2) has been observed in the crystal lattice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51102114)
文摘The X2Ge=Si: (X = H, Me, F, reaction is a new area for the study of silylene between singlet CI2Ge=Si: and formaldehyde CI, Br, Ph, At...) is a new species. Its cycloaddition chemistry. The mechanism of cycloaddition reaction has been investigated with CCSD(T)//MP2/6-31G* method. From the potential energy profile, it can be predicted that the reaction has two competitive dominant reaction pathways. The reaction rule presented is that the two reactants firstly form a four-membered Ge-heterocyclic ring silylene through the [2+2] cycloaddition reaction. Owing to the 3p unoccupied orbital of Si: atom in the four-membered Ge-heterocyclic ring silylene and the π orbital of formaldehyde forming a π-p donor-acceptor bond, the four-membered Ge-heterocyclic ring silylene further combines with formaldehyde to form an intermediate. Because the Si: atom in intermediate shows sp3 hybridization after transition state, the intermediate isomerizes to a spiro-Si-heterocyclic ring compound involving Ge via a transition state. Simultaneously, the ring strain of the four-membered Ge-heterocyclic ring silylene makes it isomerize to a twisted four-membered ring product. The research result indicates the laws of cycloaddition reaction between X2Ge=Si: (X = H, Me, F, C1, Br, Ph, Ar...) and the asymmetric g-bonded compounds, which are significant for the synthesis of small-ring and spiro-Si-heterocyclic ring compound involving Ge The study extends the research area and enriches the research content of silvlene chemistrv.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20872051 and 21002009)the Scientific and Technological Project of Changzhou (CJ20115019)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions
文摘The title compound 3,9-bis(pyridin-2-yl)-2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane 4(C17H18N2O4) has been synthesized by the reaction of 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol with pyridine-2-carbaldehyde in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid,and characterized by IR,1H-NMR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction.The crystal belongs to monoclinic system,space group C2/c with a = 25.133(2),b = 5.7219(5),c = 21.942(2)(A°) ,β = 99.145(2)°,V = 3115.3(5)(A°)^3,Z = 8,Dc = 1.340 g/cm^3,Mr = 314.33,F(000) = 1328,μ = 0.097 mm-1,MoKa radiation(λ = 0.71073),R = 0.0352 and wR = 0.1022 for 2486 observed reflections with I 〉 2σ(I).X-ray analysis reveals that the two 1,3-dioxane rings passing through the central spiro-C atom both adopt chair conformation.Intermolecular C-H…π,C-H…O and C-H…N weak interactions link the molecules to form a three-dimensional samdwich,which are effective in the stabilization of the crystal structure.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51102114)
文摘X2Si=Sn:(X = H, Me, F, Cl, Br, Ph, Ar…) are new species of chemistry. The cycloaddition reaction of X2Si=Sn: is a new study field of stannylene chemistry. To explore the rules of cycloaddition reaction between X2Si=Sn: and the symmetric p-bonded compounds, the cycloaddition reactions of Cl2Si=Sn: and ethylene were selected as model reactions in this paper.The mechanism of cycloaddition reaction between singlet Cl2Si=Sn: and ethylene has been first investigated with the MP2/GENECP(C, H, Cl, Si in 6-311++G**;Sn in LanL2dz) method in this paper. From the potential energy profile, it could be predicted that the reaction has one dominant reaction channel. The reaction rule presented is that the 5p unoccupied orbital of Sn in Cl2Si=Sn: and the π orbital of ethylene forming a p→p donor-acceptor bond, resulting in the formation of an intermediate. Instability of the intermediate makes it isomerize to a four-membered Si-heterocyclic ring stannylene. Because the 5p unoccupied orbital of Sn atom in the four-membered Si-heterocyclic ring stannylene and the π orbital of ethylene form a p→p donor-acceptor bond, the four-membered Si-heterocyclic ring stannylene further combines with ethene to form another intermediate. Because the Sn atom in the intermediate shows sp3 hybridization after transition state, the intermediate isomerizes to a Si-heterocyclic spiro-Sn-heterocyclic ring compound. The research result indicates the laws of cycloaddition reaction between X2Si=Sn: and the symmetric π-bonded compounds. The study opens up a new research field for stannylene chemistry.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No20972132)
文摘The 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane(DABCO) catalyzed reaction of cyclohexane-1,3-dione or dimedone with various aldehydes in acetonitrile resulted in the polysubstituted tetraketones, spiro dihydrofurans or 1,8-dioxo-xanthenes derivatives as main products respectively according to the structure of reactants and reaction conditions.
基金the Key Subject of Luoyang Normal University(No.2004yzk90)
文摘A novel compound of chiral spiro{1-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-N-cyclohexyl-butyro-lactam-6-oxo-dirings[3.1.0]hexane-2,3'-(4'-diphenylcarbinol-5'-menthyloxy-butyrolatone)} was synthesized via tandem nucleophilic substitution reaction under mild conditions, and its structure was determined by IR, ^1H NMR, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure of this compound is of monoclinic system, space group P21 with a = 9.7356(9), b = 12.2760(12), c = 14.9577(14) A, β = 101.0300(10)°, Mr = 680.66, Z = 2, V = 1754.6(3) A^3, Dc = 1.288 g/cm^3, p(MoKα) = 1.216 mm^-1, F(000) = 716, the final R = 0.0434 and wR = 0.0996.
基金Supported by the Foundation of the Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medical Plants of Jiangsu Province (No. 02AXL13)
文摘The title compound (C19H18O5S2) has been synthesized by the reaction of thio- phene-2-carboxaldehyde, isopropylidene malonate and 4-chloroaniline using [bmim]Br as solvent, and characterized by IR, ^1H NMR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The crystal belongs to monoclinic, space group P21/n with a = 9.4872(15), b = 9.5148(13), c = 20.634(3)A, β= 92.209(2)°, V= 1861.2(4)A^3, Mr= 390.45, Z = 4, Dc = 1.393 g/cm^3,μ(MoKα) = 0.313 mm^-1, F(000) = 816, the final R = 0.0685 and wR = 0.1685. X-ray analysis reveals that two six-membered rings adopt chair and planar conformations, respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51472016 and 51272015)
文摘We demonstrate a simple and fast post-deposition treatment with high process compatibility on the hole transport material(HTM) Spiro-MeOTAD in vapor-assisted solution processed methylammonium lead triiodide(CH3NH3PbI3)-based solar cells. The prepared Co-doped p-type Spiro-MeOTAD films are treated by O3 at room temperature for 5 min,10 min, and 20 min, respectively, prior to the deposition of the metal electrodes. Compared with the traditional oxidation of Spiro-MeOTAD films overnight in dry air, our fast O3 treatment of HTM at room temperature only needs just 10 min,and a relative 40.3% increment in the power conversion efficiency is observed with respect to the result of without-treated perovskite solar cells. This improvement of efficiency is mainly attributed to the obvious increase of the fill factor and short-circuit current density, despite a slight decrease in the open-circuit voltage. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy(UPS) and Hall effect measurement method are employed in our study to determine the changes of properties after O3 treatment in HTM. It is found that after the HTM is exposed to O3, its p-type doping level is enhanced. The enhancement of conductivity and Hall mobility of the film, resulting from the improvement in p-doping level of HTM, leads to better performances of perovskite solar cells. Best power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) of 13.05% and 16.39% are achieved with most properly optimized HTM via CH3NH3I vapor-assisted method and traditional single-step method respectively.
文摘The spiro-calix[4]arenes 3a-b can he synthesized conveniently by the reaction of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene (1a) or calix[4]arene (1b) with pentaerythritol tetrakis(2-chloroacetate) (2).