Successful splenic artery embolization in a patient with Behçet’s syndrome-associated splenic rupture:A case report

BACKGROUND Splenic rupture associated with Behçet’s syndrome(BS)is extremely rare,and there is no consensus on its management.In this case report,a patient with BSassociated splenic rupture was successfully treated with splenic artery embolization(SAE)and had a good prognosis after the intervention.CASE SUMMARY The patient was admitted for pain in the left upper abdominal quadrant.He was diagnosed with splenic rupture.Multiple oral and genital aphthous ulcers were observed,and acne scars were found on his back.He had a 2-year history of BS diagnosis,with symptoms of oral and genital ulcers.At that time,he was treated with oral corticosteroids for 1 month,but the symptoms did not alleviate.He underwent SAE to treat the rupture.On the first day after SAE,the patient reported a complete resolution of abdominal pain and was discharged 5 d later.Three months after the intervention,a computed tomography examination showed that the splenic hematoma had formed a stable cystic effusion,suggesting a good prognosis.CONCLUSION SAE might be a good choice for BS-associated splenic rupture based on good surgical practice and material selection.

Severe splenic rupture after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection

Splenic rupture(SR)after colonoscopy is a very rare but potentially serious complication.Delayed diagnosis is common,and may increase morbidity and mortality associated.There is no clear relation between SR and difficult diagnostic or therapeutic procedures,but it has been suggested that loop formation and excessive torquing might be risk factors.This is a case of a65-year-old woman who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)for lateral spreading tumor in the descending colon,and 36 h afterwards presented symptoms and signs of severe hypotension due to SR.Standard splenectomy was completed and the patient recovered uneventfully.Colorectal ESD is usually a long and position-demanding technique,implying torquing and loop formation.To our knowledge this is the first case of SR after colorectal ESD reported in the literature.Endoscopists performing colorectal ESD in the left colon must be aware of this potential complication.

Successful Treatment of Spontaneous Rupture of the Spleen by Embolization of Splenic Artery in a Patient with Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia and COVID-19 Infection

Spontaneous rupture of the spleen (SRS) is a rare clinical entity with a potentially poor medical outcome. In most cases, SRS is caused by neoplastic disorder. Acute promyelocytic leukaemia is a rare but important cause of SRS that physicians are required to assess for. We present a 28-year-old woman with APL and COVID-19 pneumonia, who successfully underwent embolisation of the splenic artery for spontaneously occurring splenic rupture during induction chemotherapy. After the intervention the patient completed induction chemotherapy and achieved complete remission. Our case demonstrates that emergent transcatheter arterial embolisation can be lifesaving even in the unfavourable condition of a patient with severe immune deficiency.

First report of splenic rupture following deep enteroscopy

Splenic rupture is a rare complication of diagnostic and therapeutic gastrointestinal endoscopy procedures.Herein,we report for the first time a case of splenic rupture following therapeutic retrograde double-balloon enteroscopy,which occurred in an 85-year-old man who was treated for recurrent mid-intestinal bleeding that resulted from ileal angioectasia.This patient promptly underwent an operation and eventually recovered.

Peritonitis secondary to ruptured splenic abscess:A grave complication of typhoid fever

Splenic abscesses are increasingly being identified,possibly due to widespread use of imaging modalities in clinical practice.The commonest clinical features are high grade fever and exclusively localised left upper quadrant abdominal pain.These symptoms are similar to most infectious diseases prevalent in the tropics,making imaging by ultrasonography or computer tomography a necessity in the diagnosis.There are reports from different geographic areas on splenic abscesses associated with typhoid fever.We reported ruptured splenic abscess presenting with peritonitis as a rare and grave complication of typhoid fever.

Spontaneous rupture of splenic hamartoma in a patient with hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis and portal hypertension:A case report and review of the literature

自发的破裂是脾的错构瘤的稀罕复杂并发症。文学的评论揭示了仅仅四个如此的盒子。就我们的知识而言，这是与肝肝硬化和门静脉高血压联系的脾的错构瘤的自发的破裂的第一份报告。一个 53 岁的女人，被跟随在上面因为大动脉的解剖和丙肝病毒(HCV ) 联系了肝肝硬化，与突然的左胸和肩膀疼痛被提交。腹的超声证明流血的 intraabdominal，和显示的计算断层摄影术脾肿大破裂。突现的脾切除术被执行。手术后的功课是平静的，并且病人在第 13 手术后的天被解除。病理揭示了肿瘤是一个破裂的脾的错构瘤。非肿胀的脾的实质揭示了充血变化。我们认为肝肝硬化和门静脉高血压的存在是为脾的错构瘤的自发的破裂的风险因素。

Acute pancreatitis complicated with splenic rupture: A case report

Atraumatic splenic rupture is an uncommon complication of acute pancreatitis. This report describes the case of a 30-year-old man with acute pancreatitis and splenic vein thrombosis complicated by splenic rupture. The patient was admitted to the emergency department with pain in the upper abdomen that had been present for six hours and was associated with vomiting and sweating. He was diagnosed with acute pancreatitis of alcoholic etiology. Upon computed tomography(CT) of the abdomen, the pancreatitis was scored as Balthazar C grade, and a suspicious area of necrosis affecting 30% of the pancreas with splenic vein thrombosis was revealed. Seventytwo hours after admission, the patient had significant improvement in symptoms. However, he showed clinical worsening on the sixth day of hospitalization, with increasing abdominal distension and reduced hemoglobin levels. A CT angiography showed a large amount of free fluid in the abdominal cavity, along with a large splenic hematoma and contrast extravasation along the spleen artery. The patient subsequently underwent laparotomy, which showed hemoperitoneum due to rupture of the splenic parenchyma. A splenectomy was then performed, followed by ultrasound-guided percutaneous drainage.

Non-traumatic splenic rupture:Report of seven cases and review of the literature

瞄准：与非创伤的脾的破裂(NSR ) 评估七个病人。NSR 是要求立即的诊断和迅速的外科疗法保证病人的幸存的一种不平常的戏剧的腹的紧急情况。方法：在 11 年以内，七个案例为病人被评估特征，回忆和症状，诊断的方法，剖腹术的调查结果，和 NSR 的病原学。结果：有六(86%) 男性和一女性(14%) 病人，其意味着年龄是 36 +/- 12.8 (17-56 ) 年。我们这里报导变形体口试 x 的四个案例疟疾(案例 I-IV ) ，牙齿过敏细胞溶解(案例 V ) 的一个案例，自发的脾的破裂(案例 VI ) 的一个案例，和毛乎乎的房间白血病(案例 VII ) 的一个案例。脾切除术在所有病人被执行。所有他们做了平静恢复并且处于稳定的状况被解除。结论：NSR 是为诊断需要怀疑的一个高索引的一个稀罕实体。用 ultrasonography 或计算机，新鲜的血的断层摄影术，和腹渴望可以在 NSR 的诊断帮助。NSR 的增加的了解能提高早诊断和有效治疗。

Atraumatic splenic rupture after cocaine use and acute Epstein-Barr virus infection: A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Atraumatic splenic rupture(ASR)accounts for just over 3%of all cases of splenic rupture and is associated with a high mortality rate.The most common culprit is acute infection with Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)but other documented aetiologies include neoplasia,other viral/bacterial infections,acute and chronic pancreatitis,amyloidosis and anticoagulant medications.There are four previous reports of cocaine-associated ASR but never before has it been documented in combination with concurrent acute EBV infection.CASE SUMMARY A 21-year-old man presented to hospital with acute left shoulder pain which radiated to the right shoulder and upper abdomen.He denied any history of recent trauma and had no relevant past medical history.He took no regular prescription medications but had used cocaine within the previous 24 h.Investigations revealed splenomegaly,a Grade 3 subcapsular splenic haematoma,moderate haemoperitoneum and an incidental 9 mm splenic artery pseudoaneurysm.There was also serological evidence of acute EBV infection.Prophylactic endovascular embolisation of the pseudoaneurysm was performed and the splenic rupture was managed non-operatively.The patient remained admitted in hospital for seven days and did not require any transfusion of blood products.Serial imaging showed complete resolution of the haemoperitoneum after 5 wk.The importance of abstinence from illicit drug use was emphasised to the patient but it is unknown whether or not he remains compliant.CONCLUSION This case demonstrates that ASR is a rare condition that can result from acute EBV infection and cocaine ingestion and requires a high index of suspicion to diagnose clinically.

Splenic rupture following colonoscopy

Colonoscopy is a safe and routinely performed diagnostic and therapeutic procedure for different colorectal diseases. Although the most common complications are bleeding and perforation, extracolonic or visceral injuries have also been described. Splenic rupture is a rare complication following colonoscopy, with few cases reported. We report a 60-year-old female who presented to surgical consultation 8 h after a diagnostic colonoscopy. Clinical, laboratory and imaging findings were suggestive for a massive hemoperitoneum. At surgery, an almost complete splenic disruption was evident, and an urgent splenectomy was performed. After an uneventful postoperative period, she was discharged home. Splenic injury following colonoscopy is considered infrequent. Direct trauma and excessive traction of the splenocolic ligament can explain the occurrence of this complication. Many times the diagnosis is delayed because the symptoms are due to colonic insuffl ation, so the most frequent treatment is an urgent splenectomy. A high index of suspicion needs an early diagnosis and adequate therapy.

First splenic rupture following an endoscopic esophageal myotomy:A case report

BACKGROUND The occurrence of splenic rupture is extremely rare during an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.Although infrequent,splenic rupture is a known complication secondary to colonoscopy.However,occurrence of splenic rupture after peroral endoscopic myotomy(POEM)has never been reported to date.CASE SUMMARY We describe a case of a splenic rupture following a POEM for recurrent achalasia in a patient who previously had a Heller myotomy.Splenic rupture remains very uncommon after an upper gastro-intestinal endoscopic procedure.The most plausible cause for this rare splenic injury appears to be the stretching of the gastro-splenic ligament during the endoscopy.A previous surgery may be a risk factor contributing to this complication.CONCLUSION The possibility for the occurrence of specific complications,such as splenic rupture,does exist even with the development of advanced endoscopic procedures,as presented in the present case after POEM.

Spontaneous splenic rupture associated with scrub typhus: a case report

Background Scrub typhus,an acute febrile disease with mild to severe,life-threatening manifestations,potentially presents with a variety of complications,including pneumonia,acute respiratory distress syndrome,cardiac arrhyth-mias(such as atrial fibrillation),myocarditis,shock,peptic ulcer,gastrointestinal bleeding,meningitis,encephalitis,and renal failure.Of the various complications associated with scrub typhus,splenic rupture has rarely been reported,and its mechanisms are unknown.This study reports a case of scrub typhus-related spontaneous splenic rupture and identifies possible mechanisms through the gross and histopathologic findings.Case presentation A 78-year-old man presented to our emergency room with a 5-day history of fever and skin rash.On physical examination,eschar was observed on the left upper abdominal quadrant.The abdomen was not ten-der,and there was no history of trauma.The Orientia tsutsugamushi antibody titer using the indirect immunofluo-rescent antibody test was 1:640.On Day 6 of hospitalization,he complained of sudden-onset left upper abdominal quadrant pain and showed mental changes.His vital signs were a blood pressure of 70/40 mmHg,a heart rate pf 140 beats per min,and a respiratory rate of 20 breaths per min,with a temperature of 36.8℃.There were no signs of gastrointestinal bleeding,such as hematemesis,melena,or hematochezia.Grey Turner's sign was suspected during an abdominal examination.Portable ultrasonography showed retroperitoneal bleeding,so an emergency exploratory laparotomy was performed,leading to a diagnosis of hemoperitoneum due to splenic rupture and a sple-nectomy.The patient had been taking oral doxycycline(1o0 mg twice daily)for 6 days;after surgery,this was dis-continued,and intravenous azithromycin(500 mg daily)was administered.No arrhythmia associated with azithro-mycin was observed.However,renal failure with hemodialysis,persistent hyperbilirubinemia,and multiorgan failure occurred.The patient did not recover and died on the fifty-sixth day of hospitalization.Conclusions Clinicians should consider the possibility of splenic rupture in patients with scrub typhus who display sudden-onset abdominal pain and unstable vital signs.In addition,splenic capsular rupture and extra-capsular hem-orrhage are thought to be caused by splenomegaly and capsular distention resulting from red blood cell congestion in the red pulp destroying the splenic sinus.

Emergency laparoscopic partial splenectomy for ruptured spleen:A case report

Splenic rupture is a common consequence of blunt abdominal trauma.Emergency splenectomy is indicated when conservative management is not effective.With better understanding of the immunologic function of the spleen,surgeons have begun to perform the splenic-preserving surgery.However,it is technical challenge to perform emergency laparoscopic partial splenectomy for patient with spleen rupture.A 15-year-old male patient suffered from gradeⅢspleen injury basing on the American association for the surgery of trauma splenic injury scale.Conservative treatment failed to success basing on the dramatically decreased hemoglobin level.During the laparoscopic exploration,we found that two individual ruptures were associated with the upper pole of spleen.An emergency laparoscopic partial splenectomy was successfully carried out.The operative time was approximate 150 min and the estimated blood loss was 200 m L.The post-operative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged on the 7th post-operative day.

Splenic artery aneurysm presenting as a submucosal gastric lesion: A case report

We are reporting the rare case of splenic artery aneurysm of 4 cm of diameter presenting as a sub mucosal lesion on gastro-duodenal endoscopy. This aneurysm was treated by endovascular coil embolization and stent graft implantation. The procedure was uneventful. On day 1, the patient presented an acute severe epigastric pain and cardiovascular arrest. Abdominal computed tomography scan showed an active leak of the intravenous contrast dye in the peritoneum from the splenic aneurysm. We performed an emergent resection of the aneurysm, and peritoneal lavage. Postoperatively, hemorrhagic choc was refractory to large volumes replacement, and intravenous vaso-active drugs. On day 2, he presented massive hematochezia. We performed a total colectomy with splenectomy and cholecystectomy for ischemic colitis, with spleen and gallbladder infarction. Despite vaso-active drugs and aggressive treatment with Factor VIIa, the patient died after uncontrolled disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Spontaneous Rupture of Spleen in a Pregnant Armenian Woman with Favourable Pregnancy Outcome: Case Report

Background: Spontaneous or traumatic rupture of spleen in pregnancy is a rare event with catastrophic consequences. This report presents a case of spontaneous splenic rupture of a pregnant woman with thrombophilia in complicated somatic history and successful cesarean section with maternal and infant survival. Case: A 28-year-old Armenian woman at 35 weeks of gestation presented to the Emergency Department at “Erebouni” medical center in Yerevan, Armenia with sharp pain in the epigastric region, general weakness and worsening condition. The patient was immediately transferred to the operating room. All clinical-laboratory examinations were urgently carried out, the fetus condition began to be assessed under the control of the CT. She was in obvious distress with blood pressure of 90/50 mm Hg and a pulse rate of 80 - 70 beats per minute. Abdominal ultrasound confirmed free fluid in the peritoneal cavity. Cesarean section was performed on the lower segment of the uterus. A live premature female infant was born weighing 2580 g, height 48 cm, and with an Apgar score of 7 - 8 points. Then the integrity of the uterus was restored. Abdominal rehabilitation was performed, there were about 1000 ml of blood loss and continuous internal bleeding. Doctors found splenic ruptures around the perineum. Lower middle laparotomy, splenectomy, abdominal rehabilitation, drainage were performed. Conclusion: This case illustrates the need to consider ruptured spleen as part of differential diagnosis of hemoperitoneum in pregnant women. Immediate surgical intervention is needed to ensure survival of mother and fetus.

Abdominal Trauma during Pregnancy with Splenic Rupture and Fetal Death in Utero at Bogodogo University Hospital: A Case Report

Splenic injury caused by abdominal trauma during pregnancy is rare. Splenic injury associated with fetal death in utero following a fall from a tree top is even rarer. The authors report a case of splenic trauma associated with fetal death in utero following a fall from the top of a tree in a 19-year-old pregnant woman at 30 weeks amenorrhoea. She was referred from a 1st level health facility for trauma that had occurred the day before admission. She was in poor general condition (WHO performance status IV) and had a cardiovascular collapse. Ultrasound was used to diagnose haemoperitoneum and fetal death in utero. A CT scan was used to diagnose splenic lesions. Treatment consisted of splenectomy and caesarean section after resuscitation.

接受手术治疗的脾破裂患者创伤性凝血病的危险因素分析

目的探讨接受手术治疗的脾破裂患者创伤性凝血病(TIC)的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2017年1月—2021年12月安徽医科大学第二附属医院急诊外科治疗因创伤致脾破裂行手术治疗患者84例,男性52例,女性32例;年龄18~82岁,平均50.1岁;道路交通伤37例,高处坠落伤21例,跌倒伤15例,殴打伤11例。根据是否合并TIC分为TIC组(30例)和非TIC组(54例)。对两组患者性别、年龄、受伤时间、休克指数、入院时首次体温、ISS、入院时首次血红蛋白、红细胞比容、血小板计数、CRP、肝功能(谷丙转氨酶)、营养状况(白蛋白)、pH值、剩余碱(BE)、乳酸、INR、D-二聚体、APTT、TT、血浆纤维蛋白原(FIB)、出血量行单因素分析,取其中有统计学意义的变量做多因素Logistic回归分析。判断影响接受手术治疗的脾破裂患者创伤性凝血病的的危险因素。结果两组患者年龄、血红蛋白、红细胞比容、D-二聚体、失血量、入院时首次体温、CRP、谷丙转氨酶、白蛋白比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);而休克指数、血小板计数、受伤时间、ISS、pH值、BE、乳酸、APTT、TT、FIB比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素回归分析发现休克指数(OR=2.355,95%CI 1.318~3.948,P<0.05)、血小板计数(OR=0.987,95%CI 0.970~1.004,P<0.05)、FIB(OR=0.599,95%CI 0.180~0.972,P<0.05)与创伤性凝血病显著相关。结论休克指数、血小板计数、FIB是接受手术治疗的脾破裂患者发生创伤性凝血病的独立危险因素。

脾动脉栓塞治疗创伤性脾破裂的临床特征及影响因素分析

目的评估脾动脉栓塞治疗创伤性脾破裂临床效果,探讨影响治疗结果及出现并发症的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2015年1月1日至2022年1月1日台州市立医院、厦门长庚医院收治的63例创伤闭合性脾破裂并且进行脾动脉栓塞治疗患者的临床资料,分析其临床特征及影响预后的因素并建立预测模型。结果63例创伤闭合性脾破裂并且进行脾动脉栓塞治疗的病例,抢救成功60例、死亡2例、介入术后转开腹1例,成功率为95.24%。治疗过程出现并发症15例。经ROC曲线分析,当创伤严重评分(ISS)≥27.5分时,其对并发症诊断最为敏感,此时敏感度达到46.70%,特异度达到77.10%;单因素分析,血红蛋白(Hb)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)、脾损伤分级(AAST)在并发症的发生率存在显著差异(P<0.05);多因素分析,APTT和Hb是影响并发症发生率的独立因素(P<0.05);应用nomogram预测模型,APTT>36 s出现并发症的可能性是≤36 s的17.936倍,Hb[130,175)g/L的并发症风险仅仅是Hb[70,90)g/L的6%。结论ISS≥27.5分时,其对并发症诊断最为敏感;Hb、APTT、AAST是脾动脉栓塞治疗创伤性脾破裂出现并发症的影响因素,且APTT和Hb水平是影响并发症发生的独立因素。

探讨急诊外科抢救胸腹部外伤致使延迟性脾破裂的临床效果

目的分析对胸腹部外伤导致延迟性脾破裂的患者进行急诊外科抢救的临床效果。方法回顾性选取枣庄市立医院于2021年2月—2023年2月收治的86例胸腹部外伤导致延迟性脾破裂患者的临床资料,通过治疗方式的不同分常规组和研究组,每组43例。常规组、研究组分别采用手术方式和非手术方式治疗。比较两组抢救结果,包括创伤严重度、治疗情况、疼痛程度、并发症、治疗有效率等。结果两组患者治疗总有效率、创伤严重度对比,差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。研究组输血量为(2.04±0.85)U,少于常规组,住院时间为(20.82±1.76)d,长于常规组,差异有统计学意义(t=8.745、20.370,P均<0.05)。研究组并发症发生率为0.00,低于常规组的9.30%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.195,P=0.040)。研究组疼痛程度评分低于常规组,差异有统计学意义(t=7.819,P<0.05)。结论为胸腹部外伤导致延迟性脾破裂患者使用非手术方式进行治疗,可以减轻患者疼痛度,减少并发症,疗效显著。

急救护理程序对创伤性脾破裂患者临床疗效及并发症的影响

目的探讨急救护理程序对创伤性脾破裂患者临床疗效及并发症的影响。方法选取2021年1月—2022年12月本院收治的82例创伤性脾破裂患者作为研究对象,基于病床号的奇偶性分为对照组和观察组,每组41例。对照组患者接受基础护理,观察组患者接受急救护理程序。比较两组患者临床疗效[肛门排气时间、首次下床活动时间、住院时间]、并发症[术中低体温、感染、压疮、腹腔出血]及生活质量[生活质量综合评定问卷(GQO.L1-74)]。结果观察组的临床治疗效果明显好于对照组,不良反应发生率相较对照组明显偏低,生活质量相较对照组明显提高,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论紧急护理措施对于提高患者的临床治疗效果有积极影响,能够降低不良反应的出现,并有助于增强患者的生活品质,对于创伤性脾破裂患者具有较高的应用价值。