Solutions of Seventh Order Boundary Value Problems Using Ninth Degree Spline Functions and Comparison with Eighth Degree Spline Solutions

In this article, we develop numerical method by constructing ninth degree spline function using extended cubic spline Bickley’s method to find the approximate solution of seventh order linear boundary value problems at different step lengths. The approximate solution is compared with the solution obtained by eighth degree splines and exact solution. It has been observed that the approximate solution is an excellent agreement with exact solution. Low absolute error indicates that our numerical method is effective for solving high order linear boundary value problems.

Numerical Solution of System of Fractional Delay Differential Equations Using Polynomial Spline Functions

The aim of this paper is to approximate the solution of system of fractional delay differential equations. Our technique relies on the use of suitable spline functions of polynomial form. We introduce the description of the proposed approximation method. The error analysis and stability of the method are theoretically investigated. Numerical example is given to illustrate the applicability, accuracy and stability of the proposed method.

The Numerical Solutions of Systems of Nonlinear Integral Equations with the Spline Functions

The main goal of this work is to develop an effective technique for solving nonlinear systems of Volterra integral equations. The main tools are the cardinal spline functions on small compact supports. We solve a system of algebra equations to approximate the solution of the system of integral equations. Since the matrix for the algebraic system is nearly triangular, It is relatively painless to solve for the unknowns and an approximation of the original solution with high precision is accomplished. In order to enhance the accuracy, several cardinal splines are employed in the paper. Our schemes were compared with other techniques proposed in recent papers and the advantage of our method was exhibited with several numerical examples.

THE APPLICATION OF SPLINE FUNCTION IN THE GEOMETRIC REPRODUCTION OF LOG SHAPE

The paper introduces a method to get three-dimensional reproduction of log shape by adopting Spline Function in fitting the curve of the finite log data. The method has ad-vantages of higher accuracy, less acquired data, easier to use, etc. Making use of high-precision drawing function of computer, the graphs of log geometric shape in different visual angles can be achieved easily with this method. It also provided a firm foundation for the determination of optimum saw cutting scheme.

CHARACTERISTIC THEOREMS OF TH ENATURAL TCHEBYSHEFF SPLINE FUNCTION

In this paper,we give four characteristic theorems of the natural Tchebysheff splint functionassociated with multiple knots.These theorems possess specific form,that arc convenient forapplicaton;In the case of with simple knots or polynomial splint,the corollaries of this paper’s the-orems give corresponding results.

The Property of a Special Type of Exponential Spline Function

Approximation theory experienced a long term history. Since 50’ last century, the rise of spline function as well as the advance of calculation promotes the growth of classical approximation theory and makes them develop a profound theory in maths, and application values have shown among the field of scientific calculation and engineering technology and etc. At present, the study of spline function had made a great progress and had a lot of fruits, as for that, the reader could look up the book [1] or [2]. Nevertheless, the research staff pays less attention to exponential spline function, since polynomial spline function is a special case of that, so it is much essential and meaningful for one to explore the nature of exponential spline function.

APPLICATIONS OF SURFACE SPLINE FUNCTIONS TO STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS IN COAL GEOLOGY

A surface spline function is used to fit a coal seam surface in structural anal ysis in coal geology. From the surface spline function, the first and second partial derivatives can also be derived and used to structural analysis, especially for recogni tion of the concealed structures. The detection of structures related to faulting is em phasized.

AN INTEGRATION METHOD WITH FITTING CUBIC SPLINE FUNCTIONS TO A NUMERICAL MODEL OF 2ND-ORDER SPACE-TIME DIFFERENTIAL REMAINDER——FOR AN IDEAL GLOBAL SIMULATION CASE WITH PRIMITIVE ATMOSPHERIC EQUATIONS

In this paper,the forecasting equations of a 2nd-order space-time differential remainder are deduced from the Navier-Stokes primitive equations and Eulerian operator by Taylor-series expansion.Here we introduce a cubic spline numerical model(Spline Model for short),which is with a quasi-Lagrangian time-split integration scheme of fitting cubic spline/bicubic surface to all physical variable fields in the atmospheric equations on spherical discrete latitude-longitude mesh.A new algorithm of"fitting cubic spline—time step integration—fitting cubic spline—……"is developed to determine their first-and2nd-order derivatives and their upstream points for time discrete integral to the governing equations in Spline Model.And the cubic spline function and its mathematical polarities are also discussed to understand the Spline Model’s mathematical foundation of numerical analysis.It is pointed out that the Spline Model has mathematical laws of"convergence"of the cubic spline functions contracting to the original functions as well as its 1st-order and 2nd-order derivatives.The"optimality"of the 2nd-order derivative of the cubic spline functions is optimal approximation to that of the original functions.In addition,a Hermite bicubic patch is equivalent to operate on a grid for a 2nd-order derivative variable field.Besides,the slopes and curvatures of a central difference are identified respectively,with a smoothing coefficient of 1/3,three-point smoothing of that of a cubic spline.Then the slopes and curvatures of a central difference are calculated from the smoothing coefficient 1/3 and three-point smoothing of that of a cubic spline,respectively.Furthermore,a global simulation case of adiabatic,non-frictional and"incompressible"model atmosphere is shown with the quasi-Lagrangian time integration by using a global Spline Model,whose initial condition comes from the NCEP reanalysis data,along with quasi-uniform latitude-longitude grids and the so-called"shallow atmosphere"Navier-Stokes primitive equations in the spherical coordinates.The Spline Model,which adopted the Navier-Stokes primitive equations and quasi-Lagrangian time-split integration scheme,provides an initial ideal case of global atmospheric circulation.In addition,considering the essentially non-linear atmospheric motions,the Spline Model could judge reasonably well simple points of any smoothed variable field according to its fitting spline curvatures that must conform to its physical interpretation.

Optimization of Quantizer’s Segment Threshold Using Spline Approximations for Optimal Compressor Function

In this paper, the optimization of quantizer’s segment threshold is done. The quantizer is designed on the basis of approximative spline functions. Coefficients on which we form approximative spline functions are calculated by minimization mean square error (MSE). For coefficients determined in this way, spline functions by which optimal compressor function is approximated are obtained. For the quantizer designed on the basis of approximative spline functions, segment threshold is numerically determined depending on maximal value of the signal to quantization noise ratio (SQNR). Thus, quantizer with optimized segment threshold is achieved. It is shown that by quantizer model designed in this way and proposed in this paper, the SQNR that is very close to SQNR of nonlinear optimal companding quantizer is achieved.

A comparison of piecewise cubic Hermite interpolating polynomials,cubic splines and piecewise linear functions for the approximation of projectile aerodynamics

Modelling and simulation of projectile flight is at the core of ballistic computer software and is essential to the study of performance of rifles and projectiles in various engagement conditions.An effective and representative numerical model of projectile flight requires a relatively good approximation of the aerodynamics.The aerodynamic coefficients of the projectile model should be described as a series of piecewise polynomial functions of the Mach number that ideally meet the following conditions:they are continuous,differentiable at least once,and have a relatively low degree.The paper provides the steps needed to generate such piecewise polynomial functions using readily available tools,and then compares Piecewise Cubic Hermite Interpolating Polynomial(PCHIP),cubic splines,and piecewise linear functions,and their variant,as potential curve fitting methods to approximate the aerodynamics of a generic small arms projectile.A key contribution of the paper is the application of PCHIP to the approximation of projectile aerodynamics,and its evaluation against a set of criteria.Finally,the paper provides a baseline assessment of the impact of the polynomial functions on flight trajectory predictions obtained with 6-degree-of-freedom simulations of a generic projectile.

Automatically Smoothing the Spectroscopic Data by Cubic B-Spline Basis Functions

In the present paper,a new criterion is derived to obtain the optimum fitting curve while using Cubic B-spline basis functions to remove the statistical noise in the spectroscopic data.In this criterion,firstly,smoothed fitting curves using Cubic B-spline basis functions are selected with the increasing knot number.Then,the best fitting curves are selected according to the value of the minimum residual sum of squares(RSS)of two adjacent fitting curves.In the case of more than one best fitting curves,the authors use Reinsch's first condition to find a better one.The minimum residual sum of squares(RSS)of fitting curve with noisy data is not recommended as the criterion to determine the best fitting curve,because this value decreases to zero as the number of selected channels increases and the minimum value gives no smoothing effect.Compared with Reinsch's method,the derived criterion is simple and enables the smoothing conditions to be determined automatically without any initial input parameter.With the derived criterion,the satisfactory result was obtained for the experimental spectroscopic data to remove the statistical noise using Cubic B-spline basis functions.

Analysis of Stability and Large Deflection Buckle of Rolled Strip by Third Power B-Spline Function Method

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Numerical Solution of Functional Integral and Integro-Differential Equations by Using B-Splines

This paper describes an approximating solution, based on Lagrange interpolation and spline functions, to treat functional integral equations of Fredholm type and Volterra type. This method extended to functional integral and integro-differential equations. For showing efficiency of the method we give some numerical examples.

基于B-Spline的位移监测数据动态优化拟合

为更好地进行工程位移的监测,对基坑施工过程钢支撑水平位移激光监测数据特征、误差类型及其成因进行了分析,研究了B-Spline在海量监测数据去噪中的适用性,并通过引入待估参数的B样条基函数修正,建立最小二乘控制下位移-时间关系的高精度拟合优化。结果表明:待估参数ζ_(i)的修正重构,把监测数据序列转化为参数估计问题,使位移时变关系的最优化拟合成为可能;移动时间坐标方法,可实现等时距监测数据的动态处理,优化计算时间;B-Spline融合最小二乘法,在最小方差控制下实现监测数据-时间关系最优拟合,形成光滑、连续的高精度拟合曲线,有利于提高监测反馈控制的精度和可靠性。实例应用验证了成果的可靠性和适用性。

The G^3 spline basis functions

The explicit expression of the G^3 basis function is presented in this paper.It is derived by constructing the conversion matrix between G^3 basis function and Bézier representation.After the matrix decomposition,equations for constructing G^3 splines can be presented independently of geometric shape parameters' values.It makes the equation's solving easier.It is also known that the general form of the G^3 spline basis function is given in the first time.Its geometric construction method is presented.

The Investigation and Study of Hydrogen Atom in Spherical Cavity Using B-Spline Basis Functions: A Mathematical Approach

The following article has been retracted due to the investigation of complaints received against it. The Editorial Board found that substantial portions of the text came from other published papers. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter, and the Health treats all unethical behavior such as plagiarism seriously. This paper published in Vol.3 No. 4, 334-339, 2012, has been removed from this site.

Modeling the Dynamic Gravity Variations of Northeastern Margin of Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau by Using Bicubic Spline Interpolation Function

In this paper, the spatial-temporal gravity variation patterns of the northeastern margin of Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau in 1992～2001 are modeled using bicubic spline interpolation functions and the relations of gravity change with seismicity and tectonic movement are discussed preliminarily. The results show as follows: ① Regional gravitational field changes regularly and the gravity abnormity zone or gravity concentration zone appears in the earthquake preparation process; ② In the significant time period, the gravity variation shows different features in the northwest, southeast and northeast parts of the surveyed region respectively, with Lanzhou as its boundary; ③ The gravity variation distribution is basically identical to the strike of tectonic fault zone of the region, and the contour of gravity variation is closely related to the fault distribution.

气动翼型涡流发生器与风力机翼型同步优化设计

针对目前风力机叶片翼型与涡流发生器相互独立的串行设计方法,导致不能最大限度的设计出气动性能最佳的风力机新叶片加装新型涡流发生器。这里提出带气动翼型的涡流发生器与风力机叶片翼型同步设计方法,利用B样条函数分别表达叶片翼型与涡流发生器气动形状,以最大升阻比及失速前最大升力系数为多目标函数建立优化数学模型,结合CFD技术与粒子群算法对原始叶片翼型DU97-W-300与CLARKY翼型涡流发生器进行同步优化,优化结果表明:相比原始叶片翼段加装CLARKY翼型涡流发生器,优化后的升力系数为2.378,提高了9.3%,升阻比为63.335,提高了7.5%;且对优化前后的流线图及涡量云图进行了对比分析,说明优化后叶片加装涡流发生器翼型可产生更大的诱导涡,能够有效抑制叶片表面流体分离。这里研究对于叶片与涡流发生器的设计及应用具有很好的参考与借鉴意义。

基于人工智能技术的机器人运动控制系统设计

设计一种基于人工智能技术的机器人运动控制系统,确保机器人更好地理解人类的意图,并提供更加人性化的服务。该系统通过运动数据采集与传输组件连接机器人的轴电机,采集机器人当前运动数据后,将其传输到控制器组件内,控制器组件依托X86架构工控机,使用PIC总线将采集到的机器人当前运动数据发送到基于人工智能技术的机器人运动路径规划模块内。该模块运用人工智能技术中的A*算法获取机器人轨迹路径规划结果后,依据该路径规划结果,将人工智能技术中的神经网络和模糊B样条基函数相结合,建立模糊B样条基函数神经网络控制器。该控制器输出机器人运动控制指令,并发送给伺服驱动器组件,伺服驱动器负责驱动机器人轴电机,控制机器人运动。实验结果表明:所设计系统具备较强的机器人路径规划能力,可在复杂路径情况下实现机器人运动控制,且控制精度和控制阶跃响应能力均较强。

Dubuc-Deslauriers细分格式生成函数递推公式

细分格式是一种在初始控制网格基础上,通过迭代局部加细并应用特定拓扑规则,逐步形成光滑曲线或曲面的迭代方法.m重2N点Dubuc-Deslauriers细分格式是一种广泛应用的插值型格式.当重数m或N较大时,由于涉及多个控制顶点,Dubuc-Deslauriers细分格式面临计算效率和稳定性的挑战.通过将一次加细操作分解为多次小范围操作,Dubuc-Deslauriers细分格式的递推公式形式有效提高了计算稳定性.给出了m重2N点Dubuc-Deslauriers细分格式递推公式的生成函数的表达式,并探讨了2重和3重情况的特殊形式.