Effects of oblique incidence on terahertz responses of planar split-ring resonators

Effects of oblique incidence of terahertz waves on the response of planar split-ring resonators are investigated, both experimentally and by simulation. It is found that the incident angle dependent phase delay and coupling conditions of neighboring split-ring resonator （SRR） units play important roles and greatly change both the transmission and reflection spectra for the resonant feature of linear charge oscillations. Our results show that the SRR structure-supported magne- toelectric couplings at oblique excitation are trivial and can be ignored. A highly symmetric response is found in the cross-polarization effects, which may manifest the bianisotropic properties of the SRR system but this needs further study.

Design of Multi-band Small Antenna Based on Single Split-Ring Resonator

To use the single split-ring resonator （SRR） as a basic unit cell for small antenna with multi-band frequency response is proposed. The structure of antenna is consisted of a single spilt-ring resonator and a coupled microstrip line. The designed antenna is numerically optimized with CST Microwave Studio. The radiation properties of the antenna show that there are three frequency bands among which two bands are 1.3 GHz and 2.1 GHz ultra-widehand （UWB）, respectively, where Sll is less than - 10 dB. The gain at every frequency for the multi-hand antenna is above 2.6 dBi, and it increases monotonously with the frequency in the two UWB.

Band-stop optical nanofilters with split-ring resonators based on metal–insulator–metal structure

Novel band-stop filters with circular split-ring resonators based on the metal-insulator-metal （MIM） structure are presented, with their transmission properties of SPPs propagating through the filter simulated by the finite-difference time-domain （FDTD） method, The variation of the gap of the split ring can affect the transmission characteristics, i.e., the transmission spectrum of SPPs exhibiting a shift, which is useful for modulating the filter. Linear and nonlinear media are used in the resonator respectively. By varying the refractive index of the linear medium, the transmission properties can be changed obviously, and the effect caused by changing the incident intensity with a nonlinear medium is similar. Several resonant modes that are applicable can be enhanced by changing the position of the gap of the split ring. Thus, the transmission properties can be modulated by adjusting the size of the gap, varying the refractive index, and changing the incident intensity of the input light. These methods may play significant roles in applications of optical integrated circuits and nanostructural devices.

Expanding the bandwidth of planar MNG materials with co-directional split-ring resonators

An effective approach to expand the bandwidth of negative permeability of small-sized planax materials is proposed. Based on qualitative analysis of equivalent circuit models, the fractional bandwidth of an μ-negative （MNG） material is expanded from 3.53% up to 12.87% by adding split-ring resonators （SRRs） and arranging them by proposed steps. Moreover, the experimental results validate the effectiveness of bandwidth-expanding methods, which is promising for the extensive application of metamaterials in the microwave field.

Permittivity Measurement of Low-Loss Substrates Based on Split Ring Resonators

In this paper, we present the complex permittivity measurement of low-loss substrates based on a microstrip-line-excited split-ring resonator (SRR). Permittivity of an unknown substrate is calculated based on the change in oscillation frequency of SRR caused by the material-under-test (MUT) above the SRR. Theoretical analysis and results of the simulations and experiments demonstrate the microstrip-line-excited SRR can be used to effectively improve measurement sensitivity. Simple equations for measurement of low-loss substrates using SRR are proposed and experimentally verified.

Electric and magnetic dipole couplings in split ring resonator metamaterials

In this paper, the electric and the magnetic dipole couplings between the outer and the inner rings of a single split ring resonator （SRR） are investigated. We numerically demonstrate that the magnetic resonance frequency can be substantially modified by changing the couplings of the electric and magnetic dipoles, and give a theoretical expression of the magnetic resonance frequency. The results in this work are expected to be conducive to a deeper understanding of the SRR and other similar metamaterials, and provide new guidance for complex metamaterials design with a tailored electromagnetic response.

Miniaturized multi-band antenna using deformed splot ring resonator

A 48 mm x 60 mm x 1 mm miniaturized multi band antenna based on deformed split ring re sonators was presented. The antenna was consisted of a micro strip line and a deformed split square ring. Its/S11/parameters were determined through numerical simulation and experimental measure ment within three working bands of 2.6 GHz to 3. 0 GHz, 3. 9 GHz to 4. 4 GHz and 5.2 GHz to 5. 8 GHz and the results showed that the parameters within all the bands were less than 10 dB. The gain at every frequency for the antenna was above 2.2 dB and it increased monotonously with the frequency from 5. 5 GHz to 7. 0 GHz.

Terahertz Transmission Properties of Split Ring Resonator Arrays

The transmission properties of double-ring split ring resonator(SRR) arrays and closed ring resonator arrays are measured using terahertz(THz) time-domain spectroscopy. This technique allows for the simultaneous measurement of the amplitude and phase of the transmission coefficient as a function of frequency. The ability to directly measure the phase spectrum is expected to be important in characterizing potential negative index media. In the employed experimental geometry, THz pulses are normally incident on the arrays. Thus, the magnetic field lies in the plane of the arrays and cannot contribute to the magnetic resonance of the SRR. However, it is found that the electric field, when appropriately polarized, can couple to the magnetic resonance. Shifts in the resonance properties with changes in the SRR dimensions and the substrate medium are measured, the results of which are consistent with theory.

Analysis of Metamaterial Cloaks Using Circular Split Ring Resonator Structures

A novel microwave cloak using circular split ring resonator(SRR)based metamaterial structure has been proposed in this paper.The cloak which operates at a frequency of 10.6 GHz is composed of cylindrical dielectric sheets printed with circular split ring resonators of spatially varying and anisotropic material properties.The article also focuses on the phenomenon of resonant splitting in circular SRR microwave cloak.A detailed analysis of various linear metamaterial arrays and their response has also been elucidated.

Theoretical study on the lasing plasmon of a split ring for label-free detection of single molecules and single nanoparticles

This paper reports the plasmonic lasing of a split ring filled with gain material in water. The lasing mode（1500 nm）is far from the pump mode（980 nm）, which can depress the detection noise from the pump light. The laser intensities of the two modes simultaneously increase by more than 10^3 in amplitude, which can intensify the absorption efficiency of the pumping light and enhance the plasmonic lasing. The plasmonic lasing is a sensitive sensor. When a single protein nanoparticle（n = 1.5, r = 1.25 nm） is trapped in the gap of the split ring, the lasing spectrum moves by 0.031 nm, which is much larger than the detection limit of 10^-5 nm. Moreover, the lasing intensity is also very sensitive to the trapped nanoparticle. It reduces to less than 1/600 when a protein nanoparticle（n = 1.5, r = 1.25 nm） is trapped in the gap.

Origin of strain-induced resonances in flexible terahertz metamaterials

Two types of flexible terahertz metamaterials were fabricated on polyethylene naphthalate（PEN） substrates. The unit cell of one type consists of two identical split-ring resonators（SRRs） that are arranged face-to-face（i.e., Flex Meta F）; the unit cell of the other type has nothing different but is arranged back-to-back（i.e., Flex Meta B）. Flex Meta F and Flex Meta B illustrate the similar transmission dips under zero strain because the excitation of fundamental inductive–capacitive（LC）resonance is mainly dependent on the geometric structure of individual SRR. However, if a gradually variant strain is applied to bend Flex Meta F and Flex Meta B, the new resonant peaks appear： in the case of Flex Meta F, the peaks are located at the lower frequencies; in the case of Flex Meta B, the peaks appear at the frequencies adjacent to the LC resonance. The origin and evolution of strain-induced resonances are studied. The origin is ascribed to the detuning effect and the different responses to strain from Flex Meta F and Flex Meta B are associated with the coupling effect. These findings may improve the understanding on flexible terahertz metamaterials and benefit their applications in flexible or curved devices.

Very Compact Bandstop Filters Based on Miniaturized Complementary Metamaterial Resonators

In this paper, a design of very compact microstrip bandstop filters based on complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) is proposed. Two techniques of metamaterial miniaturization are used to optimize the physical and electrical size of the CSRR. The bandstop filter is produced by an array of miniaturized loaded CSRRs etched on the center line of a microstrip. The size of the proposed filter, is as small as 0.58 cm2, and its electrical length is very small with only 0.08 λ0), compared to a conventional bandstop filter, a miniaturization of a factor 5 while the bandstop performance is maintained. A very good agreement obtained between the measurement and the simulation results.

Single-cavity triangular substrate integrated waveguide bandpass filter with complementary triangular split ring resonator

A novel single-cavity equilateral triangular substrate integrated waveguide(TSIW) bandpass filter(BPF) with a complementary triangular split ring resonator(CTSRR) is designed in this paper. A metallic via-hole is used to split the degenerate modes and adjust the transmission zeros(TZs) properly. Meanwhile, the CTSRR is utilized as a resonator to work together with the degenerate modes of the TSIW cavity. The resonant frequency of the CTSRR can be adjusted by its own size. Meanwhile, a TZ is observed in the lower band due to the CTSRR. Finally, a 16% 3 dB fractional bandwidth(FBW) triple-mode TSIW BPF with three TZs in both lower and upper bands is simulated, fabricated, and measured. There is a good agreement between the simulated and measured ones.

Focusing microwaves into subwavelength dimensions with a half-cylindrical hyperlens based on split ring resonators

Hyperlenses based on metamaterials can be applied to subwavelength imaging in the lightwave band. In this letter, we demonstrate both through simulations and experimentally verified results that our proposed half- cylindrical shaped hyperlens can be used for super-resolution microwave focusing in a TE mode. Based on split ring resonators, the hyperlens satisfies a hyperbolic dispersion relationship. Simulations demonstrate that the focused spot size and position are insensitive to the rotation angle of the hyperlens around its geometric center. Experimental results show that a focused spot size 1/3 of the vacuum wavelength is achieved in the microwave band.

基于CSRR-HMSIW和CSRR-DGS谐振器的双带滤波器研究

为满足滤波器在双频带通信系统中的发展要求,提出了一种基于互补开口谐振环半模基片集成波导(CSRRHMSIW)加载互补开口谐振环缺陷接地(CSRR-DGS)的新型双带滤波器.根据CSRR-HMSIW和CSRR-DGS的传输特性,提出了一种CSRR-HMSIW和CSRR-DGS并联的双谐振结构,实现了一个双通带滤波器.利用精确设计CSRR-HMSIW的结构参数,确定其谐振频点和传输零点,实现以该谐振频点为中心的第一个通带;精确设计CSRR-DGS外边长和对应的开路支线长度、宽度,确定开路支线和CSRR-DGS彼此间的耦合产生谐振频点,实现以该谐振频点为中心的第二个通带,同时该结构引入一个传输零点,进一步加强第二通带高频段的带外抑制特性.设计和制作了一款工作于2.5GHz和5.4GHz的双带滤波器,测试两通带插入损耗小于2.4dB、两通带间的隔离高达55dB和带外抑制达到45dB,测试与模拟仿真结果吻合良好.

基于SIW-CSRR的固体物质介电常数测试件设计

为满足当前固体物质介电常数的检测需求,在基片集成波导(SIW)的基础上加载互补开口谐振环(CSRR),设计了一款固体物质介电常数测试件,讨论了利用测试件谐振频率的偏移检测固体物质介电常数的可行性。仿真与测试结果表明,当检测物质相对介电常数从1变化至10时,测试件谐振频点从7.56 GHz偏移至6.28 GHz,偏移量达1.28 GHz。利用谐振频点与测试样品介电常数的关系,测量了5种常见电路板材的相对介电常数,其相对误差均低于3%。

基于CSRR-HMSIW和紧凑型短路CRLH-TL谐振器的双带滤波器研究

提出了一种基于半模基片集成波导加载互补开口谐振环(CSRR-HMSIW)和紧凑型短路复合左右手传输线(CRLH-TL)谐振器的新型双带滤波器设计方法.根据CSRR-HMSIW结构的传输特性和短路CRLH-TL结构的色散特性,找到一种CSRR-HMSIW和短路CRLH-TL结构间的结合方式.精确设计CSRR的边长,确定CSRR-HMSIW谐振器的谐振频点,在低频段实现以该谐振点为中心频点的第一个通带;精确设计短路复合左右手叉指长度,确定短路CRLH-TL结构的谐振频点,实现以该谐振频点为中心的第二个通带,同时利用两短路CRLH-TL间耦合进一步增强第二通带的传输特性和抑制特性.设计了两个通带的中心频率分别为2.25GHz和2.97GHz,实测插损小于1.9dB和带外抑制达到25dB以上,测试与模拟仿真结果基本一致.

小型高带外抑制SRR-DGS滤波器设计

提出了一种具有高带外抑制性能的小型SRR-DGS(Split-Ring Resonator-Defect Ground Structure)滤波器。该滤波器采用阶梯阻抗折叠型开口环谐振器,具有结构紧凑的特点;利用缺陷地结构在滤波器的带外增加了一个可调谐的传输零点,进一步提高了滤波器的高频带外抑制能力。基于以上思路,设计了一款尺寸为42 mm×20 mm的微带带通滤波器,该滤波器的通带中心频率为2.45 GHz,插入损耗小于1.50 dB,通带内回波损耗大于10 dB,传输零点的频率分别为2.58 GHz与3.08 GHz,使滤波器的-20 dB带外噪声抑制达到中心频率的1.5倍以上,经实物加工测试证明,实际结果与仿真结果基本一致。

新型SG-CRLH传输线结构的应用

为了扩展复合左右手传输线在双频微波器件中的应用,提出一种新型的简化复合左右手传输线结构.这种新型传输线与广义复合左右手传输线相比,在保留双频带通滤波功能的基础上,简化了电路模型、实际结构与设计步骤.利用这种新型传输线与单负媒质互补开口谐振环的周期结构设计了一个超宽带双频带通滤波器(2.2～4.0GHz,4.8～9.3GHz).两个通带的相对带宽分别达到58%和63.8%.