C2G国际漫游多Sponsor业务实现方案的探讨

为了降低C2G漫游结算费用和用户业务资费,运营商有必要引入多家GSM业务提供商。文章提出了多Sponsor业务的三种实现方案,剖析了业务实现的关键因素,并进行了深入详细的对比评估分析,最后给出了方案应用建议,对现网的方案部署具有比较高的参考价值。

Social transformations of cultural heritage: from benefaction to sponsoring: Evidence from mountain regions in Greece

The concept of benefaction,as shaped in the pre-industrial society,has been altered and replaced by the modern term of sponsoring.The verbal transformation emerges from a deep cultural shift.Focusing on the dipole of benefactionsponsoring,we examine the cultural transition from the traditional communities of long duration to the modern societies of consumption,taking the Greek mountainous regions as an example.We investigate the cultural shift that generates the metastasis from the communities of benefaction to the modern brandplaces that consume their own cultural heritage,mainly,at the altar of the tourism industry.Modern society has adopted the concept of sponsoring,for the grace of which,culture has to prove evidence of economic value,in order to survive.In the extremely competitive frame of the free-market economy,mountain regions appear vulnerable.The selling and buying of their culture are tempting and attractive under a constantly shrinking welfare-state and narrowing development opportunities.It depends on local and national society to rediscover and regenerate those social mechanisms able to create culture or let the modern consumption-oriented forces prevail.However,authentic principles of benefaction may form an alternative perspective for social reorganization.

Sponsor-investigator-relationship: challenges, recent regulatory developments and future legislative trends

Correct definition and management of sponsor- investigator relationship is of central importance for planing and executing clinical trials. During the last decade, there have been numerous modifications of guidelindes, international and national legislations and regulations. This implicated various alterations and shifts of essential responsibilities and tasks relating to the investigator, sponsor or sponsor-investigator what raised financial, clinical and ethical issues. First experiences with these new regulations and legislations are discussed together with international differences and their impacts on clinical trials. Regarding non-commercial trials and institutional sponsorship, there are still open organizational and legal questions after national implementation of the Europeam Clinical Trials Directive in 2004, although various approaches have been suggested in recent years in Europe. Current trends and controversies are discussed as well. A literature review was performed summarizing recent experiences with current legislations and risen controversies of these new legislations showing impact on future trends.

Call for Papers International Symposium on Toxicology Jointly Sponsored by the China Preventive Medical Association and the Chinese Pharmacological Society

The scientific program will consist of symposia and poster sessions. Topics related to theoretical and applied research in the domain of toxicology and toxicological studies on chemicals of public concern will be welcome. The presenter’s name, address, and telephone and FAX numbers should be submitted along with the title of the presentation and whether it is oral or poster. Deadline: April 15, 1990. Papers should be submitted to:

Service Functions of Private Community Health Stations in China: A Comparison Analysis with Government-sponsored Community Health Stations

In China, with the restructuring of health care system moving forward, private community health facilities have been playing a complementary but increasingly important role in providing public health and basic medical care services in urban areas. However, only limited evidence is available con-cerning the service functions of private community health facilities in China. The aim of this study was to explore the functions of private community health stations (PCHSs) to provide evidence-based rec-ommendations for policy-making and practice in the development of urban community health services systems. A total of 818 PCHSs and 4320 government-sponsored community health stations (GCHSs) located in 28 cities of China were investigated in 2008. The percentages of stations that provided health services and the annual workload per community health worker (CHW) were compared between the two types of institutions. The results showed that the percentages of PCHSs providing public health services were significantly higher than those of GCHSs (P<0.05); but no significant differences were found in the percentages of basic medical services providing between PCHSs and GCHSs (P>0.05). The annual workloads of all the public health services and basic medical services per CHW in PCHSs were lighter than those in GCHSs (P<0.05), except for resident health records establishment and health education materials distribution (P>0.05). At present, the GCHSs are still the mainstream in urban China, which will last for a long period in future. However, our findings showed that the annual workloads of CHWs in PCHSs were no heavier than those in GCHSs, and the PCHSs were willing to provide public health services. In view of current inadequacy of health resources in China, it is feasible to further develop PCHSs under the guidance of the government, given that PCHSs can perform the basic functions of community health services, which is useful for the formation of public-private partnerships (PPP) and the improvement of community health services.

Major Sponsors

Chinese Society of Rare Earths Director General: Prof. Bi Qun Tel: 86 10 62182748 Fax: 86 10 62173501 Treibacher Industrie AG President: Mr. Reinhard Iro Managing Director Responsible For RE Business: Mr. Alexander Bouvier Tel:0043 4262 505 570 Fax:0043 4262

Major Sponsors

Chinese Society of Rare Earths Director General: Prof. Bi Qun Tel: 86 10 62182748 Fax: 86 10 62173501 Treibacher Industrie AG President: Ina Hotzer Tel:0043 4262 505 8240 Fax:0043 4262 505 8240 AMR Technologies Inc President: Peter V. Gundy Tel: 001 416 3678588 Fax: 001 416 3675471 Rhodia Electronics & Catalysis Vice President: Zhu Mingyue Tel: 86 21 54422630 Fax: 86 21 54422302 Baotou Rare Earth Hi-Tech Development

Major Sponsors

Chinese Society of Rare Earths Director General: Prof. Bi Qun Tel: 86 10 62182748 Fax: 86 10 62173501 Treibacher Industrie AG President: Mr. Reinhard Iro Managing Director Responsible For RE Business: Mr. Alexander Bouvier Tel:0043 4262 505 570 Fax:0043 4262 2898 AMR Technologies Inc. President: Peter V. Gundy Tel: 001 416 3678588 Fax: 001 416

Major Sponsors

Chinese Society of Rare EarthsDirector General: Prof. Bi QunTel: 86 10 62182748 Fax: 86 10 62173501Baotou Rare Earth HI-Tech Development ZoneDirector: Prof. Su WenqingTel: 86 472 5159784/5128065 Fax: 86 472 5156391 China Rare Earth Holdings LimitedPresident: Jiang Quanlong Tel: 86 510 7456666 Fax: 86 510

药物临床研究阶段申办者和生产场地变更研究六:临床研究阶段申办者和生产场地跨境变更的风险分析

目的:通过对临床研究阶段申办者、生产场地发生跨境变更时的风险变化进行分析,为申办者和生产场地的跨境变更管理提供参考。方法:基于申办者和生产场地不同组合情形的初始风险评价结果和采取风险管控措施后的风险再评价结果,比较分析不同组合情形之间发生变更时变更前后的“风险指数水平”变化。结果与结论:基于初始风险评价结果,有两种变更情形的风险指数水平在变更后较变更前降低;基于风险再评价结果,有四种变更情形的风险指数水平在变更后较变更前降低。