Evaluation of the anxiolytic effect of the methanol stem extracts of Cissus quadrangularis

Objective:To investigate the potentials of the stem of Cissus quadrangularis(C.quadrangularis)in the control of anxiety and related motor coordination effects in mice using experimental models.Methods:The methanol extract of the stem of C.quadrangularis was studied in mice using elevated plus maze,hole board,open field and stair case tests.Acute toxicity and phytochemical analysis were also carried out.Results:The methanol extract(100,200,300 and 400 mg/kg)exhibited significant anxiolytic effects,as evident by significant(P<0.05)increase in the number of crossings at 100,200 and 300 mg/kg dose and number of rearing at 200,300 and 400 mg/kg dose in open field behavior test.Time spent in the open arms and number of entrances in the open arms increased significantly(P<0.05,P<0.01)at the dose of 200 and 300 mg/kg in elevated plus maze test.Post hoc analysis showed that C.quadrangularis at the dose of 200 and 300 mg/kg significantly(P<0.05)increased the number of steps taken and number of head dips.Significant(P<0.05)reduction in time duration on the bar and number of rearing were observed at the dose of 200,300 and 400 mg/kg.The acute toxicity test revealed an oral LD_(50)above 5000 mg/kg,while phytochemical studies showed the presence of phytosterols,terpenoids,saponins,flavanoids,tannins,carbohydrates and aminoacids.Conclusions:The stem extracts of C.quadrangularis is anxiolytic in nature,which contribute to its use in traditional medicine as anxiolytic.