一个MS—DOS的SPOOLing系统

为MS-DOS操作系统设计一个专门的SPOOLing系统,以实现数据处理和I/O处理的并发进行,这是十分必要的。由于中文信息处理系统在I/O 方面的特点,所以这种系统更有必要配置 SPOOLing系统。本文介绍一个基于 MS-DOS的SPOOLing系统的设计和实现,包括它的总体结构、用户界面、数据结构和有关模块的算法。另外还对该系统的进一步升级作了讨论。事实证明,SPOOLing系统可大大提高整个系统的效率。

操作系统中SPOOLING系统的分析与实现

如何实现低速字符设备与CPU或内存进行合理高效的信息交换是操作系统面临的一个常见问题。本文分析了SPOOLING系统在解决假脱机问题上相对于批处理和脱机方式的优点,并提出了如何在现有操作系统下对假脱机实现的初步构想。

Finite Element Numerical Simulation and PIV Measurement of Flow Field inside Metering-in Spool Valve

The finite element method （FEM） and particle image velocimetry （PIV） technique are utilized to get the flow field along the inlet passage, the chamber, the metering port and the outlet passage of spool valve at three different valve openings. For FEM numerical simulation, the stream function ψ-vorticity ω forms of continuity and Navier-Stokes equations are employed and FEM is applied to discrete the equations. Homemade simulation codes are executed to compute the values of stream function and vorticity at each node in the flow domain, then according to the correlation between stream function and velocity components, the velocity vectors of the whole field are calculated. For PIV experiment, pulse Nd： YAG laser is exploited to generate laser beam, cylindrical and spherical lenses are combined each other to produce 1.0 mm thickness laser sheet to illuminate the object plane, Polystyrene spherical particle with diameter of 30-50 μm is seeded in the fluid as a tracing particles, Kodak ES 1.0 CCD camera is employed to capture the images of interested, the images are processed with fast Fourier transform （FFT） cross-correlation algorithm and the processing results is displayed. Both results of numerical simulation and PIV experimental show that there are three main areas in the spool valve where vortex is formed. Numerical results also indicate that the valve opening have some effects on the flow structure of the valve. The investigation is helpful for qualitatively analyzing the energy loss, noise generating, steady state flow forces and even designing the geometry structure and flow passage.

SPOOL图在管道设计中的应用

回顾配管图的发展历程,结合SPOOL图在国外工程的具体应用,介绍SPOOL图的绘制步骤,阐述SPOOL图的意义及具体应用。

Thermal-hydraulic modeling and analysis of spool valve with sloping U-shape notch by bond graph

To increase the efficiency and reliability of the thermodynamics analysis of the spool valve, the precise function expression of the flow area for the sloping U-shape notch orifice versus the spool stroke and thermal-hydraulic bond graph based on the conservation of mass and energy were introduced. Subsequently, the connection rule for the bond graph elements and the method to construct the complete thermal-hydraulic system model were proposed. On the basis of heat transfer analysis of a typical hydraulic circuit containing the spool valve, the lumped parameter for mathematical model of the system was given. At last, the reliability of the mathematical model of the flow area and the thermal-hydraulic system for the sloping U-shape notch orifice on the spool were demonstrated by the test. The good agreement between the simulation results and experimental data demonstrates the validity of the modeling method.

Optical coherence transfer over 50-km spooled fiber with frequency instability of 2×10^(-17) at 1s

We demonstrate coherent transfer of an ultra-stable optical frequency at 192.8 THz over 50-km spooled fiber. Random phase noise induced by environmental disturbance through fiber is detected and suppressed by feeding a correctional signal into an acousto-optic modulator. After being compensated, the fiber-induced frequency instability is 2×10-17 at 1-s averaging time and reaches 8×10-20 after 16 h. The noise floor of the compensation system could be as low as 2×10-18 at 1-s averaging time.

Investigation into the Independent Metering Control Performance of a Twin Spools Valve with Switching Technology-controlled Pilot Stage

In hydraulic area,independent metering control(IMC)technology is an effective approach to improve system efficiency and control flexibility.In addition,digital hydraulic technology(DHT)has been verified as a reasonable method to optimize system dynamic performance.Integrating these two technologies into one component can combine their advantages together.However,few works focused on it.In this paper,a twin spools valve with switching technologycontrolled pilot stage(TSVSP)is presented,which applied DHT into its pilot stage while appending IMC into its main stage.Based on this prototype valve,a series of numerical and experiment analysis of its IMC performance with both simulated load and excavator boom cylinder are carried out.Results showed fast and robust performance of pressure and flow compound control with acceptable fluctuation phenomenon caused by switching technology.Rising time of flow response in excavator cylinder can be controlled within 200 ms,meanwhile,the recovery time of rod chamber pressure under suddenly changed condition is optimized within 250 ms.IMC system based on TSVSP can improve both dynamic performance and robust characteristics of the target actuator so it is practical in valve-cylinder system and can be applied in mobile machineries.

Development of a Novel Parallel-spool Pilot Operated High-pressure Solenoid Valve with High Flow Rate and High Speed

High-pressure solenoid valve with high flow rate and high speed is a key component in an underwater driving system.However,traditional single spool pilot operated valve cannot meet the demands of both high flow rate and high speed simultaneously.A new structure for a high pressure solenoid valve is needed to meet the demand of the underwater driving system.A novel parallel-spool pilot operated high-pressure solenoid valve is proposed to overcome the drawback of the current single spool design.Mathematical models of the opening process and flow rate of the valve are established.Opening response time of the valve is subdivided into 4 parts to analyze the properties of the opening response.Corresponding formulas to solve 4 parts of the response time are derived.Key factors that influence the opening response time are analyzed.According to the mathematical model of the valve,a simulation of the opening process is carried out by MATLAB.Parameters are chosen based on theoretical analysis to design the test prototype of the new type of valve.Opening response time of the designed valve is tested by verifying response of the current in the coil and displacement of the main valve spool.The experimental results are in agreement with the simulated results,therefore the validity of the theoretical analysis is verified.Experimental opening response time of the valve is 48.3 ms at working pressure of 10 MPa.The flow capacity test shows that the largest effective area is 126 mm2 and the largest air flow rate is 2320 L/s.According to the result of the load driving test,the valve can meet the demands of the driving system.The proposed valve with parallel spools provides a new method for the design of a high-pressure valve with fast response and large flow rate.

An optical fiber spool for laser stabilization with reduced acceleration sensitivity to 10^(-12)/g

Environmental vibration causes mechanical deformation in optical fibers, which induces excess frequency noise in fiber-stabilized lasers. In order to solve such a problem, we propose an ultralow acceleration sensitivity fiber spool with symmetrically mounted structure. By numerical analysis with the finite element method, we obtain the optimal geometry parameters of the spool with which the horizontal and vertical acceleration sensitivity can be reduced to 3.25 × 10^-12/g and 5.38 × 10^-12/g respectively. Moreover, the structure features the insensitivity to the variation of geometry parameters,which will minimize the influence from numerical simulation error and manufacture tolerance.

Spooling打印系统的汉化改造

在多用户操作系统的汉化过程中,Spooling打印系统(SPS)的汉化是一项重要工作。本文分析SPS原理,说明其汉化的目标、技术和环境要求。通过介绍一个实例,给出了汉化工作要点和实现技巧。

利用SPOOLING技术实现XENIX系统间的信息交换

利用ＳＰＯＯＬＩＮＧ技术实现ＸＥＮＩＸ系统间的信息交换姜福清，鲁文英ＸＥＮＩＸ是多用户、分时操作系统，它允许多个用户共享系统资源，采用时间片轮转办法依次将用户进程调入并执行。它是铁道部ＴＭＩＳ系统建设可选的操作系统之一。由于铁路运输管理对设备安全性的...

Flow field simulation and establishment for mathematical models of flow area of spool valve with sloping U-shape notch machined by different methods

Precise function expression of the flow area for the sloping U-shape notch orifice versus the spool stroke was derived.The computational fluid dynamics was used to analyze the flow features of the sloping U-shape notch on the spool,such as mass flow rates,flow coefficients,efflux angles and steady state flow forces under different operating conditions.At last,the reliability of the mathematical model of the flow area for the sloping U-shape notch orifice on the spool was demonstrated by the comparison between the orifice area curve derived and the corresponding experimental data provided by the test.It is presented that the bottom arc of sloping U-shape notch(ABU) should not be omitted when it is required to accurately calculate the orifice area of ABU.Although the theoretical flow area of plain bottom sloping U-shape notch(PBU) is larger than that of ABU at the same opening,the simulated mass flow and experimental flow area of ABU are both larger than these of PBU at the same opening,while the simulated flow force of PBU is larger than that of ABU at the same opening.Therefore,it should be prior to adapt the ABU when designing the spool with proportional character.

考虑阀芯阀套径向间隙的对称均等负开口液压滑阀压力特性分析

考虑阀芯与阀套之间的径向间隙,建立具有对称均等负开口量的液压滑阀压力特性数学模型,得到了负开口滑阀的压力特性曲线族及其基本特征,分析了径向间隙和负开口量对滑阀压力特性的影响。结果表明:具有负开口量的液压滑阀的压力特性曲线在阀芯位移等于负开口量处存在拐点,在拐点前假设为层流流动,因此负载压力随阀位移变化曲线是线性的,在拐点后为紊流流动,因此负载压力与阀位移成非线性关系;负开口滑阀可弥补阀芯阀套径向间隙的泄漏量,其压力增益随着负开口量的增加而降低;所建立的数学模型,可为电液伺服阀、高端比例阀以及多路滑阀的研制和分析提供技术支撑。

高压阀口液动力补偿控制策略仿真分析

直动式比例伺服阀是一种新型的单级伺服阀,采用比例电磁铁或线性力马达直接驱动滑阀运动,具有成本低、频响高、抗污染能力强等优点,广泛应用于注塑机进给控制、轧机板厚控制系统等高速高精度液压控制系统中。传统的直动式比例伺服阀采用PID控制策略实现阀芯的精确位置控制,在高压大流量工况下(供油压力达到20 MPa、流量大于100 L/min),阀芯受到液动力扰动变得更加剧烈,易出现响应速度慢、阀芯抖动的现象,影响了比例伺服阀的控制精度。为了解决大液动力扰动的问题,提出了一种基于指数收敛干扰观测器的滑模控制器。通过建立阀芯动力学模型来设计滑模控制器,保证阀芯位置的高动态跟踪性能;使用基于指数收敛的干扰观测器,估计阀芯动力学模型中液动力的不确定性扰动,解决高压大流量工况下的阀芯液动力扰动补偿问题。搭建了比例伺服阀系统的联合仿真模型进行仿真验证,结果表明,提出的控制器可以解决高压大流量工况下阀芯液动力扰动对阀芯位置控制的干扰问题。

液压圆柱滑阀K-K型节流槽流量面积参数模型

针对K-K型节流槽流量系数复杂时变及结构参数强耦合的特征,采用流量面积参数模型(FAPM),开展了液压圆柱滑阀K-K型节流槽阀口流量压降特性研究。首先,推导出K-K型节流槽阀口面积的数学模型,并将其等效为3个单阶K型节流槽阀口面积的组合形式;其次,基于计算流体动力学(CFD)和响应面模型(RSM),建立了极限饱和流量下K-K型节流槽的FAPM模型;最后,通过对FAPM模型的分析,得到组合型节流槽阀芯结构与流量压降的映射关系。研究结果表明:当入口体积流量大于7.31 L/min时,满足极限流量饱和条件,此时流量系数与入口体积流量无关;当入口体积流量分别为20、30、50 L/min时,FAPM模型预测的K-K型节流槽阀口压降与CFD仿真值的平均误差均控制在7%以内。该模型完成了对K-K型节流槽阀芯结构的近似表达,并可应用于其他类型的组合型节流槽。

Coupling behavior between adhesive and abrasive wear mechanism of aero-hydraulic spool valves

Leakage due to wear is one of the main failure modes of aero-hydraulic spool valves.This paper established a practical coupling wear model for aero-hydraulic spool valves based on dynamic system modelling theory. Firstly, the experiment for wear mechanism verification proved that adhesive wear and abrasive wear did coexist during the working process of spool valves. Secondly coupling behavior of each wear mechanism was characterized by analyzing actual timevariation of model parameters during wear evolution process. Meanwhile, Archard model and three-body abrasive wear model were utilized for adhesive wear and abrasive wear, respectively.Furthermore, their coupling wear model was established by calculating the actual wear volume.Finally, from the result of formal test, all the required parameters for our model were obtained.The relative error between model prediction and data of pre-test was also presented to verify the accuracy of model, which demonstrated that our model was useful for providing accurate prediction of spool valve's wear life.

基于重叠网格的阀芯振荡诱导空化的数值模拟

锥阀作为调压阀在工作过程中受到外部激励作用不可避免的会发生轴向振荡,诱导流场中出现空化现象,空化初生、发展及溃灭与阀芯振荡耦合在一起,导致整个液压系统的压力发生大幅波动。针对这一问题,基于OpenFOAM开源平台二次开发出具有动态重叠网格功能的两相空化流求解器,对阀芯振荡诱导空化现象进行数值模拟,结合实验与数值计算结果得出:阀芯振荡关阀阶段阀腔中油液受到惯性作用向出口流动,产生大范围低压区,在低压影响下促使气核剧烈膨胀,在阀腔下游产生二次空化;阀芯振荡开阀阶段阀口处压力梯度大,压差驱动油液高速通过阀口产生射流,导致阀口处形成射流空化,这将为高性能液压阀的设计提供理论依据。

节流槽形状对液压滑阀卡滞力的影响

液压滑阀是液压系统中的关键控制部件之一,其结构简单可靠,易于实现流量、压力控制。但是运行过程中由于热负荷产生的微小变形会导致阀芯卡滞现象的出现。当阀芯发生卡滞现象时,可能会严重降低液压阀的精度和灵敏度。基于热-流-固耦合模型,分析了节流槽形状对液压滑阀卡滞力的影响。首先建立了阀内固定开度流道模型,计算获得了不同节流槽形状下阀内流动特性;其次,将流体分析得到的温度场信息作为边界条件加载到热分析中,得到阀芯上的温度分布特性;最后研究了不同节流槽形状下阀芯间隙的变形量,分析阀芯卡滞的变化,为减小阀芯卡滞措施的研究提供参考。

TC4钛合金鼓筒锻件锻造模拟及组织预测

采用刚塑性有限元方法和DEFORM-2D软件对TC4钛合金鼓筒锻件锻造过程和等轴初生α相的分布情况进行数值模拟,比较对击锤锻造和液压机锻造2种工艺下的温度场及应变分布情况。模拟结果表明:对击锤锻造易产生类似切削的缺陷,通过设计合适的坯料内侧倾角可以显著改善缺陷形成;液压机锻造成形后的锻件温度分布、应变分布和组织均较为均匀,不易产生锻造缺陷,是TC4钛合金鼓筒锻件成形的较优方式。液压机锻造的TC4钛合金锻件中等轴初生α相含量由心部到边缘逐渐增大,经组织验证,其等轴初生α相分布基本符合模拟云图。