一个MS—DOS的SPOOLing系统

为MS-DOS操作系统设计一个专门的SPOOLing系统,以实现数据处理和I/O处理的并发进行,这是十分必要的。由于中文信息处理系统在I/O 方面的特点,所以这种系统更有必要配置 SPOOLing系统。本文介绍一个基于 MS-DOS的SPOOLing系统的设计和实现,包括它的总体结构、用户界面、数据结构和有关模块的算法。另外还对该系统的进一步升级作了讨论。事实证明,SPOOLing系统可大大提高整个系统的效率。

操作系统中SPOOLING系统的分析与实现

如何实现低速字符设备与CPU或内存进行合理高效的信息交换是操作系统面临的一个常见问题。本文分析了SPOOLING系统在解决假脱机问题上相对于批处理和脱机方式的优点,并提出了如何在现有操作系统下对假脱机实现的初步构想。

Finite Element Numerical Simulation and PIV Measurement of Flow Field inside Metering-in Spool Valve

The finite element method （FEM） and particle image velocimetry （PIV） technique are utilized to get the flow field along the inlet passage, the chamber, the metering port and the outlet passage of spool valve at three different valve openings. For FEM numerical simulation, the stream function ψ-vorticity ω forms of continuity and Navier-Stokes equations are employed and FEM is applied to discrete the equations. Homemade simulation codes are executed to compute the values of stream function and vorticity at each node in the flow domain, then according to the correlation between stream function and velocity components, the velocity vectors of the whole field are calculated. For PIV experiment, pulse Nd： YAG laser is exploited to generate laser beam, cylindrical and spherical lenses are combined each other to produce 1.0 mm thickness laser sheet to illuminate the object plane, Polystyrene spherical particle with diameter of 30-50 μm is seeded in the fluid as a tracing particles, Kodak ES 1.0 CCD camera is employed to capture the images of interested, the images are processed with fast Fourier transform （FFT） cross-correlation algorithm and the processing results is displayed. Both results of numerical simulation and PIV experimental show that there are three main areas in the spool valve where vortex is formed. Numerical results also indicate that the valve opening have some effects on the flow structure of the valve. The investigation is helpful for qualitatively analyzing the energy loss, noise generating, steady state flow forces and even designing the geometry structure and flow passage.

SPOOL图在管道设计中的应用

回顾配管图的发展历程,结合SPOOL图在国外工程的具体应用,介绍SPOOL图的绘制步骤,阐述SPOOL图的意义及具体应用。

Optical coherence transfer over 50-km spooled fiber with frequency instability of 2×10^(-17) at 1s

We demonstrate coherent transfer of an ultra-stable optical frequency at 192.8 THz over 50-km spooled fiber. Random phase noise induced by environmental disturbance through fiber is detected and suppressed by feeding a correctional signal into an acousto-optic modulator. After being compensated, the fiber-induced frequency instability is 2×10-17 at 1-s averaging time and reaches 8×10-20 after 16 h. The noise floor of the compensation system could be as low as 2×10-18 at 1-s averaging time.

Flow field simulation and establishment for mathematical models of flow area of spool valve with sloping U-shape notch machined by different methods

Precise function expression of the flow area for the sloping U-shape notch orifice versus the spool stroke was derived. The computational fluid dynamics was used to analyze the flow features of the sloping U-shape notch on the spool, such as mass flow rates, flow coefficients, effiux angles and steady state flow forces under different operating conditions. At last, the reliability of the mathematical model of the flow area for the sloping U-shape notch orifice on the spool was demonstrated by the comparison between the orifice area curve derived and the corresponding experimental data provided by the test. It is presented that the bottom arc of sloping U-shape notch （ABU） should not be omitted when it is required to accurately calculate the orifice area of ABU. Although the theoretical flow area of plain bottom sloping U-shape notch （PBU） is larger than that of ABU at the same opening, the simulated mass flow and experimental flow area of ABU are both larger than these of PBU at the same opening, while the simulated flow force of PBU is larger than that of ABU at the same opening. Therefore, it should be prior to adapt the ABU when designing the spool with proportional character.

Thermal-hydraulic modeling and analysis of spool valve with sloping U-shape notch by bond graph

To increase the efficiency and reliability of the thermodynamics analysis of the spool valve, the precise function expression of the flow area for the sloping U-shape notch orifice versus the spool stroke and thermal-hydraulic bond graph based on the conservation of mass and energy were introduced. Subsequently, the connection rule for the bond graph elements and the method to construct the complete thermal-hydraulic system model were proposed. On the basis of heat transfer analysis of a typical hydraulic circuit containing the spool valve, the lumped parameter for mathematical model of the system was given. At last, the reliability of the mathematical model of the flow area and the thermal-hydraulic system for the sloping U-shape notch orifice on the spool were demonstrated by the test. The good agreement between the simulation results and experimental data demonstrates the validity of the modeling method.

Investigation into the Independent Metering Control Performance of a Twin Spools Valve with Switching Technology-controlled Pilot Stage

In hydraulic area,independent metering control(IMC)technology is an effective approach to improve system efficiency and control flexibility.In addition,digital hydraulic technology(DHT)has been verified as a reasonable method to optimize system dynamic performance.Integrating these two technologies into one component can combine their advantages together.However,few works focused on it.In this paper,a twin spools valve with switching technologycontrolled pilot stage(TSVSP)is presented,which applied DHT into its pilot stage while appending IMC into its main stage.Based on this prototype valve,a series of numerical and experiment analysis of its IMC performance with both simulated load and excavator boom cylinder are carried out.Results showed fast and robust performance of pressure and flow compound control with acceptable fluctuation phenomenon caused by switching technology.Rising time of flow response in excavator cylinder can be controlled within 200 ms,meanwhile,the recovery time of rod chamber pressure under suddenly changed condition is optimized within 250 ms.IMC system based on TSVSP can improve both dynamic performance and robust characteristics of the target actuator so it is practical in valve-cylinder system and can be applied in mobile machineries.

Development of a Novel Parallel-spool Pilot Operated High-pressure Solenoid Valve with High Flow Rate and High Speed

High-pressure solenoid valve with high flow rate and high speed is a key component in an underwater driving system.However,traditional single spool pilot operated valve cannot meet the demands of both high flow rate and high speed simultaneously.A new structure for a high pressure solenoid valve is needed to meet the demand of the underwater driving system.A novel parallel-spool pilot operated high-pressure solenoid valve is proposed to overcome the drawback of the current single spool design.Mathematical models of the opening process and flow rate of the valve are established.Opening response time of the valve is subdivided into 4 parts to analyze the properties of the opening response.Corresponding formulas to solve 4 parts of the response time are derived.Key factors that influence the opening response time are analyzed.According to the mathematical model of the valve,a simulation of the opening process is carried out by MATLAB.Parameters are chosen based on theoretical analysis to design the test prototype of the new type of valve.Opening response time of the designed valve is tested by verifying response of the current in the coil and displacement of the main valve spool.The experimental results are in agreement with the simulated results,therefore the validity of the theoretical analysis is verified.Experimental opening response time of the valve is 48.3 ms at working pressure of 10 MPa.The flow capacity test shows that the largest effective area is 126 mm2 and the largest air flow rate is 2320 L/s.According to the result of the load driving test,the valve can meet the demands of the driving system.The proposed valve with parallel spools provides a new method for the design of a high-pressure valve with fast response and large flow rate.

An optical fiber spool for laser stabilization with reduced acceleration sensitivity to 10^(-12)/g

Environmental vibration causes mechanical deformation in optical fibers, which induces excess frequency noise in fiber-stabilized lasers. In order to solve such a problem, we propose an ultralow acceleration sensitivity fiber spool with symmetrically mounted structure. By numerical analysis with the finite element method, we obtain the optimal geometry parameters of the spool with which the horizontal and vertical acceleration sensitivity can be reduced to 3.25 × 10^-12/g and 5.38 × 10^-12/g respectively. Moreover, the structure features the insensitivity to the variation of geometry parameters,which will minimize the influence from numerical simulation error and manufacture tolerance.

Spooling打印系统的汉化改造

在多用户操作系统的汉化过程中,Spooling打印系统(SPS)的汉化是一项重要工作。本文分析SPS原理,说明其汉化的目标、技术和环境要求。通过介绍一个实例,给出了汉化工作要点和实现技巧。

利用SPOOLING技术实现XENIX系统间的信息交换

利用ＳＰＯＯＬＩＮＧ技术实现ＸＥＮＩＸ系统间的信息交换姜福清，鲁文英ＸＥＮＩＸ是多用户、分时操作系统，它允许多个用户共享系统资源，采用时间片轮转办法依次将用户进程调入并执行。它是铁道部ＴＭＩＳ系统建设可选的操作系统之一。由于铁路运输管理对设备安全性的...

考虑阀芯阀套径向间隙的对称均等负开口液压滑阀压力特性分析

考虑阀芯与阀套之间的径向间隙,建立具有对称均等负开口量的液压滑阀压力特性数学模型,得到了负开口滑阀的压力特性曲线族及其基本特征,分析了径向间隙和负开口量对滑阀压力特性的影响。结果表明:具有负开口量的液压滑阀的压力特性曲线在阀芯位移等于负开口量处存在拐点,在拐点前假设为层流流动,因此负载压力随阀位移变化曲线是线性的,在拐点后为紊流流动,因此负载压力与阀位移成非线性关系;负开口滑阀可弥补阀芯阀套径向间隙的泄漏量,其压力增益随着负开口量的增加而降低;所建立的数学模型,可为电液伺服阀、高端比例阀以及多路滑阀的研制和分析提供技术支撑。

非全周开口滑阀阀控数字液压缸动态特性分析

现有阀控数字液压缸中集成的滑阀通常采用全周开口,其流量增益大、阀芯所受液动力大,严重影响数字液压缸的起动和切换时的动态响应特性。针对6种典型非全周开口滑阀结构,计算了各阀芯节流槽过流面积,确定了在过流面积相同的情况下,一级(U、V、K形)和二级(UU、UV、UK形)节流槽的结构参数;比较了不同结构形式的非全周开口滑阀的数字液压缸在阶跃信号下的响应和阶跃负载扰动的响应。仿真及实验结果表明:相较其他阀口形式,节流槽采用K形及UK形结构时,数字液压缸在阶跃输入信号下的响应较好;而相较于UK形节流槽,阀芯采用K形节流槽时,滑阀控制的数字液压缸的负载刚度更好,速度冲击更小,但活塞无杆腔建立工作压力较慢;阀芯采用UK形节流槽时,滑阀控制的数字液压缸的在相同负载干扰下响应速度更快。

液压伺服滑阀工作边冲蚀行为及影响因素

液压伺服滑阀阀口工作边易受油液中颗粒污染物的冲蚀作用,诱发伺服阀性能退化。采用阀口工作边淹没射流冲蚀可视化实验和固液两相流数值计算方法,研究颗粒冲击工作边的冲蚀行为及影响因素。结果表明:颗粒冲击工作边的冲蚀行为主要有刮擦-滑动、碰撞-滑动、悬浮-翻转以及边碰行为;1.05 MPa下,边碰行为颗粒的最大速度可达40.41 m/s,冲击能最高,且反弹速度最小仅4.59 m/s,对工作边产生的冲蚀破坏最大;1.2 MPa颗粒冲击比与边碰率比0.9 MPa和1.05 MPa更高,分别为46%和7%;冲击比和边碰率随粒径增大而增加;低黏度油液的冲击比和边碰率大于高黏度油液,黏度为0.01634 Pa·s时分别可达94%和17%。研究结果对揭示液压伺服滑阀冲蚀破坏机理及抗冲蚀设计具有重要意义。

基于Creo的无人机三维布线设计

该文分析三维设计软件Creo/Cabling的线缆敷设方法,包括三维布线的流程和优势,介绍手动布线的5个基本步骤(线束创建、线轴创建、元件设置、线缆敷设和修改布线路径)。并将该方法应用到无人机的电缆布线设计。通过实际布线仿真,针对布线时各步骤需要注意的问题进行详细说明;结合电磁兼容设计的需求,对无人机电缆进行分类,提出无人机三维布线设计中需注意的几个问题,并总结无人机线缆布线的设计原则。

高压阀口液动力补偿控制策略仿真分析

直动式比例伺服阀是一种新型的单级伺服阀,采用比例电磁铁或线性力马达直接驱动滑阀运动,具有成本低、频响高、抗污染能力强等优点,广泛应用于注塑机进给控制、轧机板厚控制系统等高速高精度液压控制系统中。传统的直动式比例伺服阀采用PID控制策略实现阀芯的精确位置控制,在高压大流量工况下(供油压力达到20 MPa、流量大于100 L/min),阀芯受到液动力扰动变得更加剧烈,易出现响应速度慢、阀芯抖动的现象,影响了比例伺服阀的控制精度。为了解决大液动力扰动的问题,提出了一种基于指数收敛干扰观测器的滑模控制器。通过建立阀芯动力学模型来设计滑模控制器,保证阀芯位置的高动态跟踪性能;使用基于指数收敛的干扰观测器,估计阀芯动力学模型中液动力的不确定性扰动,解决高压大流量工况下的阀芯液动力扰动补偿问题。搭建了比例伺服阀系统的联合仿真模型进行仿真验证,结果表明,提出的控制器可以解决高压大流量工况下阀芯液动力扰动对阀芯位置控制的干扰问题。

节流槽形状对液压滑阀卡滞力的影响

液压滑阀是液压系统中的关键控制部件之一,其结构简单可靠,易于实现流量、压力控制。但是运行过程中由于热负荷产生的微小变形会导致阀芯卡滞现象的出现。当阀芯发生卡滞现象时,可能会严重降低液压阀的精度和灵敏度。基于热-流-固耦合模型,分析了节流槽形状对液压滑阀卡滞力的影响。首先建立了阀内固定开度流道模型,计算获得了不同节流槽形状下阀内流动特性;其次,将流体分析得到的温度场信息作为边界条件加载到热分析中,得到阀芯上的温度分布特性;最后研究了不同节流槽形状下阀芯间隙的变形量,分析阀芯卡滞的变化,为减小阀芯卡滞措施的研究提供参考。

基于ADRC和模型预测控制的直驱伺服阀振荡抑制研究

直驱伺服阀因构造简单、抗污染能力强、输出功率大等突出优势,逐渐扩展其应用场景。作为飞控系统的关键部件之一,电液伺服阀的特性与可靠性直接关乎飞行性能与安全。本文针对某型航空用双系统直驱伺服阀存在的阀芯振荡问题,探究基于方法的伺服阀振荡抑制策略。建立了该直驱伺服阀系统的部件级数学模型,并与突变液流力模型联合运算;设计了自抗扰控制器(ADRC)和模型预测的复合控制方法,并与传统比例积分微分(PID)控制方法进行仿真对比。结果表明,ADRC和模型预测的复合控制方法对直线电机电流的高频小范围调节可有效抵消突变液流力对阀芯运动的影响,从而为直驱伺服阀在复杂受力环境下的控制器设计提供理论参考。