Temperature and stress fields in electron beam welded Ti-15-3 alloy to 304 stainless steel joint with copper interlayer sheet

Electron beam welding of Ti-15-3 alloy to 304 stainless steel （STS） using a copper filler metal was carried out. The temperature fields and stress distributions in the Ti/Fe and Ti/Cu/Fe joint during the welding process were numerically simulated and experimentally measured. The results show that the rotated parabola body heat source is fit for the simulation of the electron beam welding. The temperature distribution is asymmetric along the weld center and the temperature in the titanium alloy plate is higher than that in the 304 STS plate. The thermal stress also appears to be in asymmetric distribution. The residual tensile stress mainly exists in the weld at the 304 STS side. The copper filler metal decreases the peak temperature and temperature grade in the joint as well as the residual stress. The longitudinal and lateral residual tensile strengths reduce by 66 MPa and 31 MPa, respectively. From the temperature and residual stress, it is concluded that copper is a good filler metal candidate for the electron beam welding of Ti-15-3 titanium alloy to 304 stainless steel.

SPOT4遥感数据在荒漠-绿洲景观分类研究中的初步应用

应用SPOT 4多光谱遥感数据 ,结合GPS (Globalpositioningsystem)所测定的地面控制点和地面景观类型调查数据 ,对新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘中部和田地区的策勒荒漠 绿洲景观分类及其特征进行了研究 .利用ERDASIMAGINE图像处理软件 ,对SPOT 4卫片进行几何纠正、投影转换和监督分类 ,形成研究区的景观分类图 ,对策勒绿洲的景观分布格局进行了定性的描述 ,并进一步探讨了SPOT及其它遥感数据在荒漠 绿洲景观研究中的应用研究前景 .

单模-多模光纤产生系列Bottle beam

提出一种利用多模光纤的多模干涉效应在自由空间中获得多个局域空心光(Bottle beam)的新方法。单模-多模光纤结构是一段多模光纤无偏心地连接到一段单模光纤上,光由单模光纤传输到多模光纤激发产生一系列的LP0,n模,由于多模干涉效应在多模光纤中相互叠加,当入射到自由空间后形成了多个Bottle beam。文中对光束传输过程进行理论分析并利用Matlab进行仿真实验,结果表明在自由空间中可以获得系列Bottle beam。当多模光纤纤芯直径分别为45μm,60μm和90μm时所选择的光场段内的Bottle beam的尺寸大小基本相同(约400μm×20μm),而第一个空间暗域沿轴向两侧相对光强差值分别为0.62,0.41和0.11,可见当多模光纤的纤芯直径越大时所得到的Bottle beam暗域的轴向两侧光强越相近,因此也越有利于囚禁微粒。

SPOT BEAM JUDGEMENT ALGORITHM IN LEO SATELLITE BASED ON OPNET

Low earth orbit（LEO）satellite constellation networks have a predominance of global coverage with low propagation delays.A new spot beam judgement algorithm is presented in LEO satellite constellation.At first,judgement of central spot beam is considered.Then the judgement of outlying spot beam is achieved by two algorithms.One is 2-D space judgement algorithm and the other is 3-D space judgement algorithm.Based on these algorithms,an Iridium model implemented on OPNET with dynamic topology nodes and network layer protocols is presented and simulation results are obtained.The simulation results show that the satellite serving time has obviously increased through the method of longest visible time criterion and the equal beam width model is validated.

Spot beam handover trigger and channel allocation scheme in GEO mobile satellite communication

An effective spot beam handover trigger and channel allocation scheme is proposed for GEO mobile satellite communication based on its characteristic and application. By using both signal strength and terminal location information, necessary handover is triggered promptly and accurately to reduce the negative effect of long signaling delay. Then handover decision is made with the handover queuing and channel allocation strategy. An adaptive channel resource allocation scheme is considered to optimize resource utilization with guarantee of emergency communication, which is significant for emergency rescue and disaster relief. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme prevents unnecessary handover effectively and has favorable adaptability to emergent requirement of satellite communication.

Electron beam welding of Ti-15-3 titanium alloy to 304 stainless steel with copper interlayer sheet

Electron beam welding of Ti-15-3 titanium alloy to 304 stainless steel with a copper sheet as interlayer was carried out.Microstructures of the joint were studied by optical microscopy(OM),scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffractometry(XRD).In addition,the mechanical properties of the joint were evaluated by tensile test and the microhardness was measured.These two alloys were successfully welded by adding copper transition layer into the weld.Solid solution with a certain thickness was located at the interfaces between weld and base metal in both sides.Regions inside the weld and near the stainless steel were characterized by solid solution of copper with TiFe2 intermetallics dispersedly distributed in it.While weld near titanium alloy contained Ti-Cu and Ti-Fe-Cu intermetallics layer,in which the hardness of weld came to the highest value.Brittle fracture occurred in the intermetallics layer when the joint was stretched.

Force-displacement characteristics of simply supported beam laminated with shape memory alloys

As a preliminary step in the nonlinear design of shape memory alloy（SMA） composite structures,the force-displacement characteristics of the SMA layer are studied.The bilinear hysteretic model is adopted to describe the constitutive relationship of SMA material.Under the assumption that there is no point of SMA layer finishing martensitic phase transformation during the loading and unloading process,the generalized restoring force generated by SMA layer is deduced for the case that the simply supported beam vibrates in its first mode.The generalized force is expressed as piecewise-nonlinear hysteretic function of the beam transverse displacement.Furthermore the energy dissipated by SMA layer during one period is obtained by integration,then its dependencies are discussed on the vibration amplitude and the SMA＇s strain（Ms-Strain） value at the beginning of martensitic phase transformation.It is shown that SMA＇s energy dissipating capacity is proportional to the stiffness difference of bilinear model and nonlinearly dependent on Ms-Strain.The increasing rate of the dissipating capacity gradually reduces with the amplitude increasing.The condition corresponding to the maximum dissipating capacity is deduced for given value of the vibration amplitude.The obtained results are helpful for designing beams laminated with shape memory alloys.

Variable spot size optical system for a dual-wavelength laser therapy device

The majority of existing high-power laser therapeutic instruments employ a single wavelength for a single target;thus,they do not meet the requirements for clinical treatment.Therefore,this study designs an optical system for a dual-wavelength high-power laser therapeutic device with a variable spot size.The waist of the short arm of the optical cavity and the G1G2 parameter(G-parameter equivalent cavity method)is calculated using MATLAB software,the spot size and divergence angle on the lens are calculated using an ABCD matrix,and the distance between the treatment spot at different spot sizes and the transformation lens is calculated in order to design the treatment handpiece.Experiments are conducted to analyze the stability at an output power of 532 nm before beam combination and the power loss after beam combination.The results show that the output power stability of the 532-nm beam varies by less than 2%over 150 min,and the loss of both wavelengths is less than 20%,which meets the clinical requirements of the system.The safety performance can meet the requirements of national general standards for medical electrical safety.The proposed dual-wavelength laser therapy instrument has both visible wave and near-infrared wave characteristics;thus,it can accurately target both superficial vessels and vessels with a larger diameter and deeper position.This therapeutic device has the advantages of simple operation,stable and reliable laser output,high security and strong anti-interference ability,and meets the comprehensive clinical treat-ment demands of vascular diseases.

A unified analysis of a micro-beam,droplet and CNT ring adhered on a substrate:Calculation of variation with movable boundaries

In this study, we developed a general method to analytically tackle a kind of movable boundary problem from the viewpoint of energy variation. Having grouped the adhesion of a micro-beam, droplet and carbon nanotube （CNT） ring on a substrate into one framework, we used the developed line of reasoning to investigate the adhesion behaviors of these systems. Based upon the derived governing equations and transversality conditions, explicit solutions involving the critical parameters and morphologies for the three systems are successfully obtained, and then the parameter analogies and common characteristics of them are thor- oughly investigated. The presented method has been verified via the concept of energy release rate in fracture mechanics. Our analyses provide a new approach for exploring the mechanism of different systems with similarities as well as for understanding the unity of nature. The analysis results may be beneficial for the design of nano-structured materi- als, and hold potential for enhancing their mechanical, chemical, optical and electronic properties.

Pseudo-beam method for compressive buckling characteristics analysis of space inflatable load-carrying structures

This paper extends Le van＇s work to the case of nonlinear problem and the complicated configuration. The wrinkling stress distribution and the pressure effects are also included in our analysis. Pseudo-beam method is presented based on the inflatable beam theory to model the inflatable structures as a set of inflatable beam elements with a prestressed state. In this method, the discretized nonlinear equations are given based upon the virtual work principle with a 3-node Timoshenko＇s beam model. Finite element simulation is performed by using a 3-node BEAM189 element incorporating ANSYS nonlinear program. The pressure effect is equivalent included in our method by modifying beam element cross-section parameters related to pressure. A benchmark example, the bending case of an inflatable cantilever beam, is performed to verify the accuracy of our proposed method. The comparisons reveal that the numerical results obtained with our method are close to open published analytical and membrane finite element results. The method is then used to evaluate the whole buckling and the loadcarrying characteristics of an inflatable support frame subjected to a compression force. The wrinkling stress and region characteristics are also shown in the end. This method gives better convergence characteristics, and requires much less computation time. It is very effective to deal with the whole load-carrying ability analytical problems for large scale inflatable structures with complex configuration.

Large deflections of non-prismatic nonlinearly elastic cantilever beams subjected to non-uniform continuous load and a concentrated load at the free end

This work studies large deflections of slen- der, non-prismatic cantilever beams subjected to a combined loading which consists of a non-uniformly distributed con- tinuous load and a concentrated load at the free end of the beam. The material of the cantilever is assumed to be non- linearly elastic. Different nonlinear relations between stress and strain in tensile and compressive domain are considered. The accuracy of numerical solutions is evaluated by com- paring them with results from previous studies and with a laboratory experiment.

Creation of Multiple Subwavelength Focal Spot Segments Using Phase Modulated Radially Polarized Multi Gaussian Beam

Based on the vector diffraction theory, the effect of complex phase filters on intensity distribution of a radially polarized multi Gaussian beam in the focal region of high NA lens is theoretically investigated. It is observed that a properly designed multi belt complex phase filter can generate subwavelength novel focal patterns including splitting of focal spots and generation of multiple focal spot segments such as eight, six and four focal spots along the optical axis are obtained. We expect that such an investigation is useful for optical manipulation and material processing, multiple high refractive index particle trapping technologies.

BACKGROUND RECTIFICATION AND FEATURE EXTRACTION OF IMAGE IN A SPOT WELD OF AL ALLOY X-RAY DETECTION

A primary study on Processing in X - ray inspection of spot weld for aluminum alloy spot welding,in- cluding for background simulation,acquisition of ideal binary image, and extraction and identifi- cation of defect features was presented.

On the limitations of linear beams for the problems of moving mass-beam interaction using a meshfree method

This paper deals with the capabilities of linear and nonlinear beam theories in predicting the dynamic response of an elastically supported thin beam traversed by a moving mass. To this end, the discrete equations of motion are developed based on Lagrange＇s equations via reproducing kernel particle method （RKPM）. For a particular case of a simply supported beam, Galerkin method is also employed to verify the results obtained by RKPM, and a reasonably good agreement is achieved. Variations of the maximum dynamic deflection and bending moment associated with the linear and nonlinear beam theories are investigated in terms of moving mass weight and velocity for various beam boundary conditions. It is demonstrated that for majority of the moving mass velocities, the differences between the results of linear and nonlinear analyses become remarkable as the moving mass weight increases, particularly for high levels of moving mass velocity. Except for the cantilever beam, the nonlinear beam theory predicts higher possibility of moving mass separation from the base beam compared to the linear one. Furthermore, the accuracy levels of the linear beam theory are determined for thin beams under large deflections and small rotations as a function of moving mass weight and velocity in various boundary conditions.

板-梁耦合结构振动功率流与声辐射特性研究

针对车身低频结构噪声控制问题,首先以车身典型板-梁耦合结构简化模型为研究对象,推导出一种以CBAR焊点单元轴向位移响应和速度响应为计算参数的净功率流简化计算公式。然后以振动净功率流和等效辐射声功率(ERP)为评价参数,研究了板-梁耦合结构振动辐射噪声产生机理,从中可知不可忽视焊点对板、梁之间功率流传递的影响,而且合理设计焊点布局有利于提高辐射噪声水平。最后,基于净功率流简化计算公式,提出了一种焊点布局拓扑优化方法,结合板-梁耦合结构振动辐射噪声控制算例验证了其有效性。上述研究成果可为车身NVH品质的提高提供一种新的思路和方法,具有良好的工程实用价值和应用前景。

D-T中子源束斑尺寸测量技术及应用

D-T中子发生器作为高能中子源,已用于特种核材料的有源探测技术中,利用时间符合法可实现被测物体的多模式成像,而中子源束斑尺寸是影响成像位置分辨的一个重要的因素。因此,结合D-T反应的特点和实际应用环境,开发了n-α关联符合测量确定中子源束斑尺寸的方法。利用该方法对小型移动中子发生器的束斑尺寸进行了测量,获得的束斑尺寸为(2.8±0.9)mm,与用CCD相机直接观测得到的约3 mm的测量结果一致,证明了该方法测量束斑尺寸的可行性。该方法也可用于辅助D-T中子源调束和关联粒子成像实验过程中的束斑监测。

挑臂式钢箱梁面板-中纵梁构造细节疲劳性能研究及构造参数分析

为研究挑臂式面板-中纵梁构造细节的疲劳特性,运用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS建立精细化分析模型,结合热点应力法、Palmgren-Miner线性累积损伤理论及雨流计数法对该构造细节进行横纵向疲劳车加载应力结果计算分析,并开展构造参数影响研究。研究结果表明,轮载作用下该细节经历多次应力循环,应力影响线具有明显的轴重识别效果,采用横向应力/竖向应力研究其疲劳特性是合适的;该细节面板焊趾较腹板焊趾应力水平高,更易发生疲劳开裂,而腹板处焊趾具有无限寿命;面板厚度从12 mm增加到20 mm,面板焊趾和腹板焊趾热点应力分别降低55%和40%,中纵梁腹板与附近U肋的间距从250 mm增加到400 mm,面板焊趾和腹板焊趾热点应力增幅达61%和58%,而中纵梁腹板厚度从12 mm变化到20 mm,面板焊趾处和腹板焊趾处的热点应力基本不变,维持在53 MPa和22 MPa左右。建议在充分考虑安全性和经济性的情况下,合理选择面板厚度及中纵梁腹板与附近U肋的间距以提高面板-中纵梁构造细节的疲劳寿命。

γ-干扰素释放试验中两种细胞计数方法的对比分析

目的比较Muse Cell Analyzer自动细胞分析仪和显微镜人工镜检两种计数方法对外周血单个核细胞(PBMC)悬液的计数结果,探讨Muse Cell Analyzer自动细胞分析仪用于γ-干扰素释放试验(T-SPOT.TB)中细胞定量的可行性。方法随机抽取T-SPOT.TB检测中的60份血液标本,对其外周血单个核细胞悬液,分别用人工显微镜和Muse Cell Analyzer自动细胞分析仪计数PBMC,同时进行T-SPOT.TB检测,对结果进行比较分析。结果人工显微镜和Muse Cell Analyzer自动细胞分析仪两种计数方法相关性好(r=0.967);细胞悬液用人工显微镜计数所得PBMC浓度为(6.03±2.18)×109/L,用Muse Cell Analyzer自动细胞分析仪计数所得PBMC浓度为(6.10±2.34)×109/L,两者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);按两种计数方法所得T-SPOT.TB检测结果一致性好。结论 Muse cell analyzer自动细胞分析仪计数可取代人工显微镜计数法用于T-SPOT.TB检测中对细胞悬液中PBMC的计数。

梯度折射率介质对复变量sinh-Gaussian光束传输的影响

为了研究梯度折射率介质对复变量双曲正弦高斯光束的传输影响,利用广义惠更斯-菲涅耳衍射积分法推导出了复变量双曲正弦高斯光束在梯度折射率介质中的传输场,运用空间二阶矩的定义解出了光斑尺寸及其变化率的表达式,并进行了数值模拟分析。结果表明,光斑尺寸及其变化率随传输距离的增加呈周期性变化,周期由折射率系数决定;随光束参量的改变,光斑位置不变,周期性不变,但是光斑尺寸的振荡幅度要发生改变;通过调整这些参量,可以改变光斑尺寸及其位置。此项研究对大功率半导体激光器等方面的开发应用有帮助。

Inmarsat-B与Inmarsat-F系统点波束控制比较

在介绍卫星全球波束与点波束概念及其工作特点的基础上,对Inmarsat-B、F系统中的点波束控制机制分别做了研究、分析,归纳出F系统点波束工作优于B系统之处。