Growth of CuI buffer layer prepared by spraying method

CuI thin films with nano-scale grains of about 35nm were deposited via spraying method with using acetonitrile as solvent. The influence of iodine doping concentration in acetonitrile solution on the structure, topographic and optical properties of CuI thin films was investigated. X-ray diffraction results showed that CuI iodine-doped films doped CuI：I2 were in γ-phase of zinc blende structure with （111） preferential plane. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the microstructure of CuI films depended on the relative amount of doping iodine in the solution. When the iodine doping amount in acetonitrile solution was 0.025 g, the film was uniform and compact, the optical transmittance was 75.4% in the part of visible region and the energy band gap was close to 2.96 eV.

Prevention and Control Effects of New Biological Formulations Sprayed by Different Methods on Proceras venosatus (Walker) and Tryporyza intacta Snellen in Middle and Late Stages

To screen new biological formulations, accurate and efficient application technology, field test was conducted with 72% Bacillus thuringiensis(Bt)·monosultap WP, 8% lambda-cyhalothrin·emamectin benzoate SA and 3.6% lambda-cyhalothrin·Bt SA through manual spraying and unmanned aerial vehicle spraying. Test results and comprehensive evaluation analysis demonstrated that 72% Bt·monosultap WP and 8%lambda-cyhalothrin·emamectin benzoate SA by manual spraying and unmanned aerial vehicle spraying had good prevention and control effect on strains and internodes damaged by Tryporyza intacta Snellen in middle and late stage, which were ideal new biological formulations with high effi-ciency and low risk for prevention and control of T. intacta in middle and late stage, and could be popularized in sugarcane area. 72% Bt·monosultap WP at the dose of 3 000 g/hectare and 8% lambda-cyhalothrin·emamectin benzoate SA at the dose of 750 mL/hectare could be sprayed in mid September at the peak occurrence period of the forth and fifth generations of T. intacta and Proceras venosatus. Agents were diluted with 900 kg water per hectare, and manually sprayed with electric knapsack sprayer; or agents were diluted with 15 kg of Haoyang aerial control special addi-tives and water per hectare, and sprayed with unmanned aerial vehicle. The control effect against borer-damaged strain rate was above 81.3% and that against borer-damaged internode rate was above 88.6%.

One-step spraying method to construct superhydrophobic magnesium surface with extraordinary robustness and multi-functions

The robust magnesium surfaces with multi-functions are highly desirable,and the simple and scalable methods to construct such surfaces are urgently indispensable.Herein,we conducted a one-step spraying method to facilely fabricate the robust coating with multi-functions on magnesium alloys.The as-sprayed magnesium alloys surface is superhydrophobic with a static water contact angle(WCA)of 157.0°and a roll-off angle of 6.0°.Such surface has excellent mechanical,chemical and thermal stabilities,even undergoing various physical and chemical damages,including sand impact(10 gmin^(-1),≥20 min),water impact(2 impacts s^(-1),≥180 min),abrasion(1.00 kPa,≥25 cycles),peeling(≥2.15 kPa),high temperature(200°C,≥24 h),strong acidic/salty/basic media(p H=113)and organic-solvent immersion(ethanol and n-hexane,≥24 h),demonstrating brilliant robustness.Notably,the surface displays multi-functions of corrosion protection,anti-fouling and heat insulation,which will undoubtedly promote the much wider applications of magnesium alloys.

The Therapeutic Effect of Onion on the Pathogenic Bacteria of Gill Rot Disease in Grass Carp

[Objective] The curative effect of onion on bacterial rotted gill disease in grass carp was researched [Method] The combination method of taking medicine through oral and spraying was used to cure sick grass carp for 1 period of treatment in room under artificial conditions. [Result] Different concentrations of onion generated different cure rates. When the combination was adding 1.0% - 2.0% medicine into feed and spraying 2.0 g,/m3 - 5.0 g,/m3, the curative result was the best with cure rate was 70% -90% [ Conclusion] The onion was effective on curing bacterial rotted gill disease in grass carp and could be taken as curative medicine.

The Effect of Chemical Composition and Thermal Sprayed Method on the Chromium and Tungsten Carbides Coatings Microstructure

The microstructure, phase consistence and microhardness of thermal sprayed coatings were investigated. The tungsten and chromium carbide coatings and also composite NiCrSiB coating were analyzed. The microstructure of coatings were observed by using optical microscopy (MO), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Almost equiaxial carbide particles settled inside the surrounded material of coating were found. The cracks propagating thorough the particles and along boundaries between the particles and surrounded material were observed. This phenomenon was connected with the porosity of coatings. The decarburization process was detected in coatings by phase composition investigation using X-ray method. The decarburization process was the reason due to which beside initial Cr3C2 the Cr7C3 and Cr23C6 particles were found. In the tungsten coatings beside the initial WC carbides the W2Cones were found.

Numerical Simulation of Atomization due to Flood Discharges of Hydropower Stations

To mitigate the damages produced by flood discharges of hydropower stations, a three-dimensional numerical model of the aerated water jet restricted by gravity, air resistance and air buoyancy is proposed. Based on theoretical analysis and prototype data, a three-dimensional stochastic model is constructed using Monte Carlo method to evaluate the range of atomization and intensity of rainfall in gorges, which are strongly affected by complex terrain and various wind conditions. The prototype data observed from two hydropower stations are selected in the feedback and verification analysis to verify the proposed model. The result shows that the computational solutions fit the prototype data well. This model can be used to forecast the atomization of a hydropower station that is being designed or constructed.

Scalable and Robust Bio-inspired Organogel Coating by Spraying Method Towards Dynamic Anti-scaling

Scaling usually causes serious problems in daily life and industrial production.Currently,developing passive anti-scaling coatings has shown promises to overcome this problem.In this work,we fabricated a scalable and robust bio-inspired organogel(BIO)coating,showing dynamic scale resistance in the oil/brine mixture.The oil layer of the BIO coating was utilized as a barrier to inhibit scale nucleation and reduce scale adhesion.The mechanical strength of the coating was optimized by regulating nanoparticle contents.Moreover,the universality of scale resistance was demonstrated by varying the types of nanoparticles,oils and scales.Compared with commercial pipeline materials,such as copper,this BIO coating significantly reduces scale deposition after 240-h scaling test(ca.93%reduction).Therefore,this study designs scalable and robust organogel coatings for sustainable scale resistance,which may be used for practical application in oil production.

Does Making Method of Alginate Hydrogel Influence the Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells?

To overcome cartilage injury, strategies have been developed in the last few years based on tissue engineering to rebuild the defects. Cartilage engineering is principally based on three main biological factors: cells (native cells (chondrocytes) or a more primitive ones as mesenchymal stem cells), scaffolds and functionalization factors (growth factors, mechanical stimulation and/or hypoxia). Cartilage tissue engineering strategies generally result in homogeneous tissue structures with little resemblance to native zonal organization of articular cartilage. The main objective of our work concerns the buildup of complex biomaterials aimed at reconstructing biological tissue with three dimensional cells construction for mimicking cartilage architecture. Our strategy is based on structures formation by simple and progressive spraying of mixed alginate hydrogel and human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). In this work, the comportment of cells and more precisely their chondrogenic differentiation potential is compared to a traditional making process: the mold. We report here that spraying method allowed to product a scaffold with hMSC that confer a favorable environment for neocartilage construction.

Sustained release of isoniazid from polylactide microspheres prepared using solid/oil drug loading method for tuberculosis treatment

Polylactide(PLA) microspheres were prepared using the solid-in-oil(S/O) spray-drying method to achieve the sustained release of a hydrophilic drug for the treatment of tuberculosis, via intratracheal instillation. Isoniazid(IN), a low-molecular-weight hydrophilic drug, was used as a model drug. The effects of various sizes of micronized IN powder, different drug/polymer ratios, spray-drying process parameters, and drug-release characteristics were studied to optimize the manufacturing parameters. A high entrapment efficiency(87.3%) was obtained using this method; furthermore, the microspheres were spherical and smooth. They were individually and homogenously distributed, with a mean diameter of 5.6 μm; furthermore, they showed a satisfactory extended sustained-release phase. After administration of the microspheres to rats, pulmonary drug concentrations were maintained at a relatively stable level for up to 4 weeks.