Based on the similarity theory,a scale effect model of the spraying water cooling system of Shanghai expo Theme Pavilion's roof was set up.According to the typical weather conditions in Shanghai city,different mod...Based on the similarity theory,a scale effect model of the spraying water cooling system of Shanghai expo Theme Pavilion's roof was set up.According to the typical weather conditions in Shanghai city,different models were analyzed on solar radiation,and different heat transfer amount was obtained.And the following conclusions could be made:At the sunny day of summer in Shanghai,the temperature of inner roof with sprinkling system descended about 3 ℃,and the air conditioning load of the whole Theme Pavilion descend more than 320 kW.展开更多
This paper takes 30 hm2 wheat sprinkling irrigation land of Yunguo Family Farm in Yanzhou, Shandong Province, China as a sample, and draws a conclusion by comparing it with other households (including individual and l...This paper takes 30 hm2 wheat sprinkling irrigation land of Yunguo Family Farm in Yanzhou, Shandong Province, China as a sample, and draws a conclusion by comparing it with other households (including individual and large households). The conclusions are as follows: wheat sprinkling irrigation has a remarkable water-saving effect and comparative revenue. Water saving efficiency can reach 61.54% and a comprehensive income-increase rate can reach 38.67%. The main factors of increasing income and incentives of saving irrigation by sprinkling irrigation ranks as the following: saving land consolidation and water monitoring labors (accounts for 62.50%), saving land area of wheat bed to increase production and income (accounts for 23.44%), saving water bills (accounts for 14.06%). The incentive effect of water saving is not obvious mainly because the water price is low. The main obstacles to the promotion of sprinkling irrigation by individual household are the uneconomical scale and the barriers of coordination of proxy irrigation. Other large household’s (family farm) obstacles are mainly the instability of land tenure and mixed management. Suggestions on promoting sprinkling irrigation in wheat field: Accelerate land circulation and promote agricultural scale management to create basic scale conditions for spreading sprinkling irrigation;stabilizing farmland management rights as stabilizing farmland contractual rights, thus giving long-term business interests to all kinds of large household owners;guide the development of “scale + specialization” modern family farms;appropriate water saving subsidies should be given according to the positive externality of household water saving;confirm agricultural water rights to household and allow compensated transfer of “surplus water rights”.展开更多
Early studies showed that the irregular operations of the center pivot sprinkling system would decrease its uniformity while the reason was lack of discussion.Taking Herman-Hein uniformity coefficient(CUH)and Distribu...Early studies showed that the irregular operations of the center pivot sprinkling system would decrease its uniformity while the reason was lack of discussion.Taking Herman-Hein uniformity coefficient(CUH)and Distribution uniformity coefficient(DU)as evaluation indicators,the reason that irregular operation management and configurations can decrease the uniformity of center pivot sprinkling irrigation was discussed and the impact on maize yield was tested.The reasons for such decrease in uniformity include:(1)With the increase of moving speed,the effect of sprinkling overlaying became worse,which resulted in the lower uniformity of sprinkling irrigation;(2)With the increase of head pressure,the inlet pressure could be adjusted to the same pressure by pressure regulator,which kept the uniformity of sprinkling irrigation constant;(3)When end gun worked abnormally,total head pressure decreased,which led to the decrease of sprinkling irrigation’s uniformity;(4)When pressure regulator worked abnormally,the water flow was subject to great pressure loss,which could decrease the uniformity of sprinkling irrigation;(5)When pressure regulator was uninstalled,significant abnormality of sprinkling irrigation depth occurred,resulting in the decreasing of sprinkling irrigation’s uniformity;(6)Different types of nozzles could produce different uniformity of sprinkling irrigation,which was due to different structures of micro-nozzles;(7)Due to lower uniformity,at the seedling stage of maize,both height and seedling emergence rate decreased.Final yield decreased by 18.35%.This study is important to the proper use and the improvement of configuration selection and field management of center pivot sprinkling system.展开更多
Coal is the major source of power in India and world over.Coal mining is an essential industry which has a major role in the economic development of the country.Most major mining activities contribute directly or indi...Coal is the major source of power in India and world over.Coal mining is an essential industry which has a major role in the economic development of the country.Most major mining activities contribute directly or indirectly to air pollution.Coal dust is a major air pollutant which affects the personal working in the mines and also people residing in villages near the mines.Air pollution due to coal particulates can affect human health and cause damages to the environment.Hence effective pollution control mechanisms are needed to keep the pollution levels within permissible levels.The easiest and most common method employed for dust suppression worldwide is sprinkling of water.In majority of mines,water sprinklers are operated manually and can lead to wastage of water due to over sprinkling.It can also prove to be ineffective in dust suppression if sprinkling is not done properly.The paper proposes a system which can be deployed to automate the dust suppressions sprinklers.The system will monitor the concentration of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) in the air and initiate sprinkling operation when the particulate matter content exceeds preconfigured limits.展开更多
Currently, sixty-five original sprinkle drug products are available in various dosage forms including tablets, powders, granules, immediate-release capsules, extended-release capsules, delayed-release capsules, and mu...Currently, sixty-five original sprinkle drug products are available in various dosage forms including tablets, powders, granules, immediate-release capsules, extended-release capsules, delayed-release capsules, and multiparticulate drug delivery systems. By sprinkling on soft food vehicles, these products provide dosing flexibility and convenience of administration, which potentially improve the compliance of patients with dysphagia.Due to these advantages, the growth of sprinkle products picked up since the 1990s, and several regulatory issues regarding this dosage form have been raised and documented.In this article, the types of sprinkle formulations were discussed by dividing them into seven categories, and the commercial products were summarized in terms of the drug substance, pharmaceutical excipients, storage conditions and administration methods. In addition, several US Food and Drug Administration guidelines related to the regulatory issues of sprinkle formulations were reviewed, which led to the conclusion that the future development of this promising dosage form demands integrated guidance for industry rather than scattered information in various documents.展开更多
Anti-corrosion inspection engineers are responsible for 14 degassing stations, which complete anti-corrosion examinations of desalination and dehydration containers under maintenance, detecting potential corrosion, dr...Anti-corrosion inspection engineers are responsible for 14 degassing stations, which complete anti-corrosion examinations of desalination and dehydration containers under maintenance, detecting potential corrosion, drawing up the diagram illustrations and inspection reports of Rumaila's oil field and gas system, guiding the completion of equipment sandblasting and anti-corrosion inspections, and ensuring the fulfillment of other relevant work reports. Anti-corrosion inspection engineers can be called the "health doctors" of oil and gas systems.展开更多
基金Supported by Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(09YZ229)Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(J50502)+2 种基金Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China(30771245)National Natural Science Foundation of China(50478113)the specific project for the Shanghai World Expo with main scientific and technology(06dz05809)
文摘Based on the similarity theory,a scale effect model of the spraying water cooling system of Shanghai expo Theme Pavilion's roof was set up.According to the typical weather conditions in Shanghai city,different models were analyzed on solar radiation,and different heat transfer amount was obtained.And the following conclusions could be made:At the sunny day of summer in Shanghai,the temperature of inner roof with sprinkling system descended about 3 ℃,and the air conditioning load of the whole Theme Pavilion descend more than 320 kW.
文摘This paper takes 30 hm2 wheat sprinkling irrigation land of Yunguo Family Farm in Yanzhou, Shandong Province, China as a sample, and draws a conclusion by comparing it with other households (including individual and large households). The conclusions are as follows: wheat sprinkling irrigation has a remarkable water-saving effect and comparative revenue. Water saving efficiency can reach 61.54% and a comprehensive income-increase rate can reach 38.67%. The main factors of increasing income and incentives of saving irrigation by sprinkling irrigation ranks as the following: saving land consolidation and water monitoring labors (accounts for 62.50%), saving land area of wheat bed to increase production and income (accounts for 23.44%), saving water bills (accounts for 14.06%). The incentive effect of water saving is not obvious mainly because the water price is low. The main obstacles to the promotion of sprinkling irrigation by individual household are the uneconomical scale and the barriers of coordination of proxy irrigation. Other large household’s (family farm) obstacles are mainly the instability of land tenure and mixed management. Suggestions on promoting sprinkling irrigation in wheat field: Accelerate land circulation and promote agricultural scale management to create basic scale conditions for spreading sprinkling irrigation;stabilizing farmland management rights as stabilizing farmland contractual rights, thus giving long-term business interests to all kinds of large household owners;guide the development of “scale + specialization” modern family farms;appropriate water saving subsidies should be given according to the positive externality of household water saving;confirm agricultural water rights to household and allow compensated transfer of “surplus water rights”.
基金the 59th Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2016M59068)Breeding programs of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University(Grant No.XZR2014-04).
文摘Early studies showed that the irregular operations of the center pivot sprinkling system would decrease its uniformity while the reason was lack of discussion.Taking Herman-Hein uniformity coefficient(CUH)and Distribution uniformity coefficient(DU)as evaluation indicators,the reason that irregular operation management and configurations can decrease the uniformity of center pivot sprinkling irrigation was discussed and the impact on maize yield was tested.The reasons for such decrease in uniformity include:(1)With the increase of moving speed,the effect of sprinkling overlaying became worse,which resulted in the lower uniformity of sprinkling irrigation;(2)With the increase of head pressure,the inlet pressure could be adjusted to the same pressure by pressure regulator,which kept the uniformity of sprinkling irrigation constant;(3)When end gun worked abnormally,total head pressure decreased,which led to the decrease of sprinkling irrigation’s uniformity;(4)When pressure regulator worked abnormally,the water flow was subject to great pressure loss,which could decrease the uniformity of sprinkling irrigation;(5)When pressure regulator was uninstalled,significant abnormality of sprinkling irrigation depth occurred,resulting in the decreasing of sprinkling irrigation’s uniformity;(6)Different types of nozzles could produce different uniformity of sprinkling irrigation,which was due to different structures of micro-nozzles;(7)Due to lower uniformity,at the seedling stage of maize,both height and seedling emergence rate decreased.Final yield decreased by 18.35%.This study is important to the proper use and the improvement of configuration selection and field management of center pivot sprinkling system.
文摘Coal is the major source of power in India and world over.Coal mining is an essential industry which has a major role in the economic development of the country.Most major mining activities contribute directly or indirectly to air pollution.Coal dust is a major air pollutant which affects the personal working in the mines and also people residing in villages near the mines.Air pollution due to coal particulates can affect human health and cause damages to the environment.Hence effective pollution control mechanisms are needed to keep the pollution levels within permissible levels.The easiest and most common method employed for dust suppression worldwide is sprinkling of water.In majority of mines,water sprinklers are operated manually and can lead to wastage of water due to over sprinkling.It can also prove to be ineffective in dust suppression if sprinkling is not done properly.The paper proposes a system which can be deployed to automate the dust suppressions sprinklers.The system will monitor the concentration of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) in the air and initiate sprinkling operation when the particulate matter content exceeds preconfigured limits.
基金the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (No. NRF-2018R1C1B6005379)。
文摘Currently, sixty-five original sprinkle drug products are available in various dosage forms including tablets, powders, granules, immediate-release capsules, extended-release capsules, delayed-release capsules, and multiparticulate drug delivery systems. By sprinkling on soft food vehicles, these products provide dosing flexibility and convenience of administration, which potentially improve the compliance of patients with dysphagia.Due to these advantages, the growth of sprinkle products picked up since the 1990s, and several regulatory issues regarding this dosage form have been raised and documented.In this article, the types of sprinkle formulations were discussed by dividing them into seven categories, and the commercial products were summarized in terms of the drug substance, pharmaceutical excipients, storage conditions and administration methods. In addition, several US Food and Drug Administration guidelines related to the regulatory issues of sprinkle formulations were reviewed, which led to the conclusion that the future development of this promising dosage form demands integrated guidance for industry rather than scattered information in various documents.
文摘Anti-corrosion inspection engineers are responsible for 14 degassing stations, which complete anti-corrosion examinations of desalination and dehydration containers under maintenance, detecting potential corrosion, drawing up the diagram illustrations and inspection reports of Rumaila's oil field and gas system, guiding the completion of equipment sandblasting and anti-corrosion inspections, and ensuring the fulfillment of other relevant work reports. Anti-corrosion inspection engineers can be called the "health doctors" of oil and gas systems.