Based on the similarity theory,a scale effect model of the spraying water cooling system of Shanghai expo Theme Pavilion's roof was set up.According to the typical weather conditions in Shanghai city,different mod...Based on the similarity theory,a scale effect model of the spraying water cooling system of Shanghai expo Theme Pavilion's roof was set up.According to the typical weather conditions in Shanghai city,different models were analyzed on solar radiation,and different heat transfer amount was obtained.And the following conclusions could be made:At the sunny day of summer in Shanghai,the temperature of inner roof with sprinkling system descended about 3 ℃,and the air conditioning load of the whole Theme Pavilion descend more than 320 kW.展开更多
This paper takes 30 hm2 wheat sprinkling irrigation land of Yunguo Family Farm in Yanzhou, Shandong Province, China as a sample, and draws a conclusion by comparing it with other households (including individual and l...This paper takes 30 hm2 wheat sprinkling irrigation land of Yunguo Family Farm in Yanzhou, Shandong Province, China as a sample, and draws a conclusion by comparing it with other households (including individual and large households). The conclusions are as follows: wheat sprinkling irrigation has a remarkable water-saving effect and comparative revenue. Water saving efficiency can reach 61.54% and a comprehensive income-increase rate can reach 38.67%. The main factors of increasing income and incentives of saving irrigation by sprinkling irrigation ranks as the following: saving land consolidation and water monitoring labors (accounts for 62.50%), saving land area of wheat bed to increase production and income (accounts for 23.44%), saving water bills (accounts for 14.06%). The incentive effect of water saving is not obvious mainly because the water price is low. The main obstacles to the promotion of sprinkling irrigation by individual household are the uneconomical scale and the barriers of coordination of proxy irrigation. Other large household’s (family farm) obstacles are mainly the instability of land tenure and mixed management. Suggestions on promoting sprinkling irrigation in wheat field: Accelerate land circulation and promote agricultural scale management to create basic scale conditions for spreading sprinkling irrigation;stabilizing farmland management rights as stabilizing farmland contractual rights, thus giving long-term business interests to all kinds of large household owners;guide the development of “scale + specialization” modern family farms;appropriate water saving subsidies should be given according to the positive externality of household water saving;confirm agricultural water rights to household and allow compensated transfer of “surplus water rights”.展开更多
Biomolecular self-assembly has lately emerged as an intriguing method for creating stable gas-liquid dis-persions with unique functional characteristics.In this work,protein-metal coordination complexes were designed ...Biomolecular self-assembly has lately emerged as an intriguing method for creating stable gas-liquid dis-persions with unique functional characteristics.In this work,protein-metal coordination complexes were designed as the stabilizer for generating ultrastable fire-fighting foam and creating interfacial architec-tures that were actively switched between"rigid"and"mobile"interfacial states of liquid films in re-sponse to changes in pH and bulk solution compositions(metal ions or alkyl polyglycosides).The re-flected light interferometric technique was used to check interfacial states,and the foaming kinetics and rheological response of aqueous solution and liquid foam were investigated by dynamic surface tension tests and oscillatory rheology analysis.The results showed that liquid foams with mobile films with lower yield limits had a faster spreading rate to cover the burning oil,liquid foams with semi-rigid films can-not extinguish fires due to interfacial instability,and the enhanced rheology of the foam with rigid films established a robust and impenetrable barrier to effectively suppress fuel evaporation and combustion.A new correlation between interfacial properties and the fire-fighting performance of foam was proposed,which showed that the fire-extinguishing time of foam could be well correlated by the interfacial states or film lifetime rather than classical thermodynamics entry,spreading,and bridging coefficients(ESB co-efficients).展开更多
Currently, sixty-five original sprinkle drug products are available in various dosage forms including tablets, powders, granules, immediate-release capsules, extended-release capsules, delayed-release capsules, and mu...Currently, sixty-five original sprinkle drug products are available in various dosage forms including tablets, powders, granules, immediate-release capsules, extended-release capsules, delayed-release capsules, and multiparticulate drug delivery systems. By sprinkling on soft food vehicles, these products provide dosing flexibility and convenience of administration, which potentially improve the compliance of patients with dysphagia.Due to these advantages, the growth of sprinkle products picked up since the 1990s, and several regulatory issues regarding this dosage form have been raised and documented.In this article, the types of sprinkle formulations were discussed by dividing them into seven categories, and the commercial products were summarized in terms of the drug substance, pharmaceutical excipients, storage conditions and administration methods. In addition, several US Food and Drug Administration guidelines related to the regulatory issues of sprinkle formulations were reviewed, which led to the conclusion that the future development of this promising dosage form demands integrated guidance for industry rather than scattered information in various documents.展开更多
为探明微喷灌施肥对三七土壤氮素运移转化影响,2017—2020年在泸西县大栗树村三七种植基地设置3个灌水水平0.4FC(W1),0.6FC(W2),0.8FC(W3),4个施肥水平3.20(F1),4.80(F2),6.20(F3)和120.00 kg/ha(F4),CK为对照,共13个处理.研究微喷灌施...为探明微喷灌施肥对三七土壤氮素运移转化影响,2017—2020年在泸西县大栗树村三七种植基地设置3个灌水水平0.4FC(W1),0.6FC(W2),0.8FC(W3),4个施肥水平3.20(F1),4.80(F2),6.20(F3)和120.00 kg/ha(F4),CK为对照,共13个处理.研究微喷灌施肥条件下不同灌水及施肥对三七土壤全氮、硝态氮和铵态氮运移转化影响.结果表明:不同灌水施肥全氮质量比随时间增加先增大后减小,硝态氮质量比随时间增加先减小后增大,铵态氮质量比随时间增加逐渐减小,8月W2F3全氮质量比最大,9月W2F4硝态氮质量比最大,6月W2F4铵态氮质量比最大.全氮和铵态氮质量比随土层深度增加逐渐减小,硝态氮质量比随土层深度增加先减小后增大,全氮、硝态氮和铵态氮聚集在土层0~10 cm, W2F3土壤全氮和硝态氮质量比最大,W2F4铵态氮质量比最大.灌水量与硝态氮和铵态氮相关性具有统计学意义(P<0.01),与全氮呈负相关且相关性具有统计学意义(P<0.05),施肥量与硝态氮呈正相关且相关性具有统计学意义(P<0.01),与铵态氮相关性具有统计学意义(P<0.05).该研究明确灌溉施肥可调控酸性红壤土三七氮素运移转化特性,改善农田微生态环境,提高水氮利用效率,为有效防治病虫害提供技术支持和理论依据.展开更多
Anti-corrosion inspection engineers are responsible for 14 degassing stations, which complete anti-corrosion examinations of desalination and dehydration containers under maintenance, detecting potential corrosion, dr...Anti-corrosion inspection engineers are responsible for 14 degassing stations, which complete anti-corrosion examinations of desalination and dehydration containers under maintenance, detecting potential corrosion, drawing up the diagram illustrations and inspection reports of Rumaila's oil field and gas system, guiding the completion of equipment sandblasting and anti-corrosion inspections, and ensuring the fulfillment of other relevant work reports. Anti-corrosion inspection engineers can be called the "health doctors" of oil and gas systems.展开更多
基金Supported by Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(09YZ229)Leading Academic Discipline Project of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(J50502)+2 种基金Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China(30771245)National Natural Science Foundation of China(50478113)the specific project for the Shanghai World Expo with main scientific and technology(06dz05809)
文摘Based on the similarity theory,a scale effect model of the spraying water cooling system of Shanghai expo Theme Pavilion's roof was set up.According to the typical weather conditions in Shanghai city,different models were analyzed on solar radiation,and different heat transfer amount was obtained.And the following conclusions could be made:At the sunny day of summer in Shanghai,the temperature of inner roof with sprinkling system descended about 3 ℃,and the air conditioning load of the whole Theme Pavilion descend more than 320 kW.
文摘This paper takes 30 hm2 wheat sprinkling irrigation land of Yunguo Family Farm in Yanzhou, Shandong Province, China as a sample, and draws a conclusion by comparing it with other households (including individual and large households). The conclusions are as follows: wheat sprinkling irrigation has a remarkable water-saving effect and comparative revenue. Water saving efficiency can reach 61.54% and a comprehensive income-increase rate can reach 38.67%. The main factors of increasing income and incentives of saving irrigation by sprinkling irrigation ranks as the following: saving land consolidation and water monitoring labors (accounts for 62.50%), saving land area of wheat bed to increase production and income (accounts for 23.44%), saving water bills (accounts for 14.06%). The incentive effect of water saving is not obvious mainly because the water price is low. The main obstacles to the promotion of sprinkling irrigation by individual household are the uneconomical scale and the barriers of coordination of proxy irrigation. Other large household’s (family farm) obstacles are mainly the instability of land tenure and mixed management. Suggestions on promoting sprinkling irrigation in wheat field: Accelerate land circulation and promote agricultural scale management to create basic scale conditions for spreading sprinkling irrigation;stabilizing farmland management rights as stabilizing farmland contractual rights, thus giving long-term business interests to all kinds of large household owners;guide the development of “scale + specialization” modern family farms;appropriate water saving subsidies should be given according to the positive externality of household water saving;confirm agricultural water rights to household and allow compensated transfer of “surplus water rights”.
基金Anhui provincial major science and technology project(No.202103c08020005).
文摘Biomolecular self-assembly has lately emerged as an intriguing method for creating stable gas-liquid dis-persions with unique functional characteristics.In this work,protein-metal coordination complexes were designed as the stabilizer for generating ultrastable fire-fighting foam and creating interfacial architec-tures that were actively switched between"rigid"and"mobile"interfacial states of liquid films in re-sponse to changes in pH and bulk solution compositions(metal ions or alkyl polyglycosides).The re-flected light interferometric technique was used to check interfacial states,and the foaming kinetics and rheological response of aqueous solution and liquid foam were investigated by dynamic surface tension tests and oscillatory rheology analysis.The results showed that liquid foams with mobile films with lower yield limits had a faster spreading rate to cover the burning oil,liquid foams with semi-rigid films can-not extinguish fires due to interfacial instability,and the enhanced rheology of the foam with rigid films established a robust and impenetrable barrier to effectively suppress fuel evaporation and combustion.A new correlation between interfacial properties and the fire-fighting performance of foam was proposed,which showed that the fire-extinguishing time of foam could be well correlated by the interfacial states or film lifetime rather than classical thermodynamics entry,spreading,and bridging coefficients(ESB co-efficients).
基金the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (No. NRF-2018R1C1B6005379)。
文摘Currently, sixty-five original sprinkle drug products are available in various dosage forms including tablets, powders, granules, immediate-release capsules, extended-release capsules, delayed-release capsules, and multiparticulate drug delivery systems. By sprinkling on soft food vehicles, these products provide dosing flexibility and convenience of administration, which potentially improve the compliance of patients with dysphagia.Due to these advantages, the growth of sprinkle products picked up since the 1990s, and several regulatory issues regarding this dosage form have been raised and documented.In this article, the types of sprinkle formulations were discussed by dividing them into seven categories, and the commercial products were summarized in terms of the drug substance, pharmaceutical excipients, storage conditions and administration methods. In addition, several US Food and Drug Administration guidelines related to the regulatory issues of sprinkle formulations were reviewed, which led to the conclusion that the future development of this promising dosage form demands integrated guidance for industry rather than scattered information in various documents.
文摘为探明微喷灌施肥对三七土壤氮素运移转化影响,2017—2020年在泸西县大栗树村三七种植基地设置3个灌水水平0.4FC(W1),0.6FC(W2),0.8FC(W3),4个施肥水平3.20(F1),4.80(F2),6.20(F3)和120.00 kg/ha(F4),CK为对照,共13个处理.研究微喷灌施肥条件下不同灌水及施肥对三七土壤全氮、硝态氮和铵态氮运移转化影响.结果表明:不同灌水施肥全氮质量比随时间增加先增大后减小,硝态氮质量比随时间增加先减小后增大,铵态氮质量比随时间增加逐渐减小,8月W2F3全氮质量比最大,9月W2F4硝态氮质量比最大,6月W2F4铵态氮质量比最大.全氮和铵态氮质量比随土层深度增加逐渐减小,硝态氮质量比随土层深度增加先减小后增大,全氮、硝态氮和铵态氮聚集在土层0~10 cm, W2F3土壤全氮和硝态氮质量比最大,W2F4铵态氮质量比最大.灌水量与硝态氮和铵态氮相关性具有统计学意义(P<0.01),与全氮呈负相关且相关性具有统计学意义(P<0.05),施肥量与硝态氮呈正相关且相关性具有统计学意义(P<0.01),与铵态氮相关性具有统计学意义(P<0.05).该研究明确灌溉施肥可调控酸性红壤土三七氮素运移转化特性,改善农田微生态环境,提高水氮利用效率,为有效防治病虫害提供技术支持和理论依据.
文摘Anti-corrosion inspection engineers are responsible for 14 degassing stations, which complete anti-corrosion examinations of desalination and dehydration containers under maintenance, detecting potential corrosion, drawing up the diagram illustrations and inspection reports of Rumaila's oil field and gas system, guiding the completion of equipment sandblasting and anti-corrosion inspections, and ensuring the fulfillment of other relevant work reports. Anti-corrosion inspection engineers can be called the "health doctors" of oil and gas systems.