Axial Compression Behavior and Analytical Method of L-Shaped Column Composed of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubes

Based on the characteristics of an L-shaped column composed of concrete-filled square steel tubes, the axial compression experiment and nonlinear finite element analysis were carried out to study the mechanical property of the L-shaped column. The load-displacement curve for the L-shaped column, the deflection and load-strain curves for the mono columns were obtained by the axial compression experiment. The results show that the L-shaped column exhibits a flexural-torsional buckling failure mode. The numerical simulation by the finite element analysis shows that the bearing capacity and failure mode are in accordance with those of the axial compression experiment and the feasi- bility of the finite element analysis is proved. For the calculation of the bearing capacity of the L-shaped column com- posed of concrete-filled square steel tubes, an analytical method is proposed based on the theory of the elastic stability and spatial truss model. The results of the analytical method are in good agreement with those of the axial compression experiment and the finite element analysis.

Behavior of High Strength Concrete Filled Square Steel Tube Stub Columns with Inner CFRP Tube Under Biaxial Eccentric Compression

This paper studies the contribution of CFRP(carbon fiber-reinforced polymer)to the mechanical behavior of high strength concrete-filled square steel tube(HCFST)under biaxial eccentric compression.The new type of composite member is composed of an inner CFRP tube and an outer steel tube with concrete filled in the two tubes.The finite element analysis was made by ABAQUS on the behavior of high strength concrete filled square steel tubular columns with inner CFRP circular tube subjected to bi-axial eccentric loading.The results obtained from the finite element analysis were verified with the experimental results.In addition,the load-deflection curves in the whole process were calculated and analyzed,which can be divided into three segments:Elastic phase,plastic phase,descending phase.Based on the load-deflection curves,the stresses analysis on the core concrete,CFRP tube and steel tube were conducted.The confinement effect of the CFRP tube improves the ductility of HCFST-CFRP stub column.CFRP ratio and eccentricity affect the ultimate bearing capacity of HCFST stub column.Finally,a calculation formula of ultimate bearing capacity was proposed in the paper.

Experimental Study on the Axial Compression Performance of Bamboo Scrimber Columns Embedded with Steel Reinforcing Bars

In this paper,a new type of bamboo scrimber column embedded with steel bars(rebars)was proposed,and the compression performance was improved by pre-embedding rebars during the preparation of the columns.The effects of the slenderness ratio and the reinforcement ratio on the axial compression performance of reinforced bamboo scrimber columns were studied by axial compression tests on 28 specimens.The results showed that the increase in the slenderness ratio had a significant negative effect on the axial compression performance of the columns.When the slenderness ratio increased from 19.63 to 51.96,the failure mode changed from strength failure to buckling failure,and the maximum bearing capacity decreased by 43.03%.The axial compression performance of the reinforced bamboo scrimber columns did not significantly improve at a slenderness ratio of 19.63,but the opposite was true at slenderness ratios of 36.95 and 51.96.When the reinforcement ratio increased from 0%to 4.52%,the bearing capacity of those with a slenderness ratio of 51.96 increased by up to 16.99%,and the stiffness and ductility were also improved.Finally,based on existing specifications,two modification parameters,the overall elastic modulus Ec and the combined strength fcc,were introduced to establish a calculation method for the bearing capacity of the reinforced bamboo scrimber columns.The calculation results were compared with the test results,and the results showed that the proposed calculation models can more accurately predict the bearing capacity.

Seismic performance of recycled concrete-filled square steel tube columns

An experimental study on the seismic performance of recycled concrete-filled square steel tube （RCFST） columns is carried out. Six specimens were designed and tested under constant axial compression and cyclic lateral loading. Two parameters, replacement percentage of recycled coarse aggregate （RCA） and axial compression level, were considered in the test. Based on the experimental data, the hysteretic loops, skeleton curves, ductility, energy dissipation capacity and stiffness degradation of RCFST columns were analyzed. The test results indicate that the failure modes of RCFST columns are the local buckling of the steel tube at the bottom of the columns, and the hysteretic loops are full and their shapes are similar to normal CFST columns. Furthermore, the ductility coefficient of all specimens are close to 3.0, and the equivalent viscous damping coefficient corresponding to the ultimate lateral load ranges from 0.323 to 0.360, which demonstrates that RCFST columns exhibit remarkable seismic performance.

Influence of Axial Load Ratio on Shear Behavior of Through-Diaphragm Connections of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubular Columns

Nonlinear finite element analysis and parametric studies were carried out to study the influence of axial load ratio on the shear behavior of the through-diaphragm connections of concrete-filled square steel tubular columns. The analysis reveals that smaller axial load ratio can improve the shear bearing capacity and ductility while larger axial load ratio will decrease the shear behavior of the through-diaphragm connections. The parametric studies indicate that the axial load ratio should be limited to less than 0.4 and its influence should be considered in the analysis and design of such connections.

Experimental and Numerical Studies on Sea Sand Concrete Filled Stainless Steel Tube with Inner FRP Tube Subjected to Axial Compression

Since fibre-reinforced polymer(FRP) and stainless steel(SS) offer advantages of corrosion resistance and hybrid confinement, this study proposed a new type of composite column: sea sand concrete(SSC)-filled SS tubular columns with an inner FRP tube(CFSTFs) to help exploit abundant ocean resources in marine engineering. To study compressive behaviours of these novel members, eight CFSTFs and two SSC-filled SS tubular columns(CFSTs)were tested under axial compression. Their axial load-displacement curves, axial load-strain curves in SS or FRP tubes were obtained, and influences of key test parameters(the existence of glass FRP(GFRP) tubes, steel tube shapes, and GFRP tube thicknesses and diameters) were discussed. Further, specimen failure mechanism was analyzed employing the finite element method using ABAQUS software. Test results confirmed the excellent ductility and load-bearing capacity of CFSTFs. The existence of GFRP tubes inside can postpone SS tube buckling, and the content of inner FRP tubes, particularly increasing diameters, was found to improve compressive behaviours. GFRP contents helped develop the second elastic-plastic stage of the load-displacement curves. Furthermore, the bearing capacity of CFSTFs with a circular cross-section was approximately 26% higher than that with a square cross-section, and this difference narrowed with the increase in GFRP ratios.

Prediction of Axial Capacity of Concrete-Filled Square Steel Tubes Using Neural Networks

The application of artificial neural network to predict the ultimate bearing capacity of CFST （ concrete-filled square steel tubes） short columns under axial loading is explored. Input parameters consiste of concrete compressive strength, yield strength of steel tube, confinement index, sectional dimension and width-to-thickness ratio. The ultimate bearing capacity is the only output parameter. A multilayer feedforward neural network is used to describe the nonlinear relationships between the input and output variables. Fifty-five experimental data of CFST short columns under axial loading are used to train and test the neural network. A comparison between the neural network model and three parameter models shows that the neural network model possesses good accuracy and could be a practical method for predicting the ultimate strength of axially loaded CFST short columns.

An Experimental Study of Composite Columns Filled with Eucalyptus nitens Timber under Axial Compression

Eucalyptus nitens(E.nitens)has been much used for producing paper but also shows promise for structural applications.In this study,static compressive tests were undertaken to examine its suitability to be used in an innovative composite column.The composite column was comprised of a rectangular steel tube with E.nitens timber infill.The nonlinear compressive behaviour of the composite column filled with E.nitens wood for both dry and wet conditions was examined.The same tests on rectangular steel tubes and bare dry and wet E.nitens samples were also undertaken as a comparison.For samples with different conditions,the ultimate capacity was evaluated and the effect of each condition on the compressive behaviour of the composite column was clarified.The steel tubes showed greater ductile behaviour,and more ductility was found in the wet samples.The steel tubes with E.nitens timber infill samples exhibited a greater linear elastic range connected with higher maximum loads,while the bare timber samples could support only lower maximum loads.The results from this research were promising for the use of rectangular steel tubes with E.nitens timber infill in structural applications.

Experimental study on the seismic behavior of high strength concrete fi lled double-tube columns

To study the seismic behavior of high strength concrete fi lled double-tube(CFDT) columns,each consisting of an external square steel tube and an internal circular steel tube,quasi-static tests on eight CFDT column specimens were conducted.The test variables included the width-to-thickness ratio(β1) and the area ratio(β2) of the square steel tube,the wall thickness of the circular steel tube,and the axial force(or the axial force ratio) applied to the CFDT columns.The test results indicate that for CFDT columns with a square steel tube with β1 of 50.1 and 24.5,local buckling of the specimen was found at a drift ratio of 1/150 and 1/50,respectively.The lateral force-displacement hysteretic loops of all specimens were plump and stable.Reducing the width-to-thickness ratio of the square steel tube,increasing its area ratio,or increasing the wall thickness of the internal circular steel tube,led to an increased fl exural strength and deformation capacity of the specimens.Increasing the design value of the axial force ratio from 0.8 to 1.0 may increase the fl exural strength of the specimens,while it may also decrease the ultimate deformation capacity of the specimen with β1 of 50.1.

Joint member angle limits of composite beams and CFT square columns

This work aims to understand the relationship between the member angle limit and the energy ratio for 24 test samples of composite beams and CFT square steel tube columns. This work also compares the formula applicability for member angle limit with the previous test result to provide the basic data for the design of composite beam-CFT column. The evaluation of the member angle limit was performed with concrete compressive strength (fC =22.16 MPa, 30.49 MPa), breadth-to-thickness ratio (B/t=25.0, 33.3, 43.5), and axial capacity ratio (N/N0=0, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) as the main variables of the test samples. For the relationship between the member angle limit (Ru) and the energy ratio (ES/EC ), the test result shows that the energy ratio becomes lower as the axial capacity ratio and the breadth-to-thickness ratio increase. The energy ratio is lower for the Type B test sample compared with that of Types A and C. For the formula suggested by SATO, the test samples are distributed evenly for comparison between test values and the member angle limit; however, other formulas indicate a deviation. Specifically, for the comparison between R u,cal and R u (Test), Maeda's formula shows severe deviation.

An Experimental Study on the Behavior of Square Concrete-Filled High Strength Steel Tube Columns

The paper presents an experimental study on the behavior of square concrete-filled high strength steel tube columns until failure.Four specimens were tested to investigate the effect of high strength steel and plain strength concrete on the load carrying capacity of the square concrete-filled steel tube columns.The effect of the concrete which filled in the steel tube was also investigated.Also,the effect of high strength steel and the presence of concrete were also investigated.The main parameters in the tests were:(1) the ultimate strength of steel (800 Mpa),(2) the presence of concrete in steel tube (hollow steel tube and concrete-filled steel tube),and (3) slender ratio.The main objectives of these tests were three-step:(1) to describe a series of tests on composite columns,(2) to analyze the influence of several parameters,and (3) to compare the accuracy of the predictions by using the specifications in the code (AISC-LRFD,EC4 and AIJ etc.) for the design of high-strength composite columns.Experimental results indicate that the ultimate strength of steel and presence of concrete had significant influence on both the axial compressive load capacity and the ductile of the square steel tube.

Influence of steel corrosion on axial and eccentric compression behavior of coral aggregate concrete column

To study the behavior of coral aggregate concrete(CAC)column under axial and eccentric compression,the compression behavior of CAC column with different types of steel and initial eccentricity(ei)were tested,and the deformation behavior and ultimate bearing capacity(Nu)were studied.The results showed that as the ei increases,the Nu of CAC column decreases nonlinearly.Besides,the steel corrosion in CAC column is severe,which reduces the steel section and steel strength,and decreases the Nu of CAC column.The durability of CAC structures can be improved by using new organic coated steel.Considering the influence of steel corrosion and interfacial bond deterioration,the calculation models of Nu under axial and eccentric compression were presented.

Axial compression tests and numerical simulation of steel reinforced recycled concrete short columns confined by carbon fiber reinforced plastics strips

To research the axial compression behavior of steel reinforced recycled concrete(SRRC)short columns confined by carbon fiber reinforced plastics(CFRP)strips,nine scaled specimens of SRRC short columns were fabricated and tested under axial compression loading.Subsequently,the failure process and failure modes were observed,and load-displacement curves as well as the strain of various materials were analyzed.The effects on the substitution percentage of recycled coarse aggregate(RCA),width of CFRP strips,spacing of CFRP strips and strength of recycled aggregate concrete(RAC)on the axial compression properties of columns were also analyzed in the experimental investigation.Furthermore,the finite element model of columns which can consider the adverse influence of RCA and the constraint effect of CFRP strips was founded by ABAQUS software and the nonlinear parameter analysis of columns was also implemented in this study.The results show that the first to reach the yield state was the profile steel in the columns,then the longitudinal rebars and stirrups yielded successively,and finally RAC was crushed as well as the CFRP strips was also broken.The replacement rate of RCA has little effect on the columns,and with the substitution rate of RCA from 0 to 100%,the bearing capacity of columns decreased by only 4.8%.Increasing the CFRP strips width or decreasing the CFRP strips spacing could enhance the axial bearing capacity of columns,the maximum increase was 10.5%or 11.4%,and the ductility of columns was significantly enhanced.Obviously,CFRP strips are conducive to enhance the axial bearing capacity and deformation capacity of columns.On this basis,considering the restraint effect of CFRP strips and the adverse effects of RCA,the revised formulas for calculating the axial bearing capacity of SRRC short columns confined by CFRP strips were proposed.

A simplified model to predict blast response of CFST columns

In order to study the dynamic response of concrete-filled steel tube(CFST) columns against blast loads,a simplified model is established utilizing the equivalent single-degree-of-freedom(SDOF) method,which considers the non-uniform distribution of blast loads on real column and the axial load-bending moment(P-M) interaction of CFST columns.Results of the SDOF analysis compare well with the experimental data reported in open literature and the values from finite element modeling(FEM) using the program LS-DYNA.Further comparisons between the results of SDOF and FEM analysis show that the proposed model is effective to predict the dynamic response of CFST columns with different blast conditions and column details.Also,it is found that the maximum responses of the columns are overestimated when ignoring the non-uniformity of blast loads,and that neglecting the effect of P-M interaction underestimates the maximum response of the columns with large axial load ratio against close range blast.The proposed SDOF model can be used in the design of the blast-loaded CFST columns.

RPC外包方钢管混凝土柱轴压受力性能研究

为了研究活性粉末混凝土(Reactive powder concrete,RPC)外包方钢管混凝土柱的轴压受力性能,以RPC厚度和长细比为参数,对6根构件开展轴压试验研究,探讨该类组合柱的破坏模式、受力机理、套箍效应和承载力。试验结果表明:外层RPC可为内部方钢管混凝土柱提供较强的约束力,在受力后期套箍效应凸显。随着RPC厚度的增加,组合柱的承载力逐渐提高;随着组合柱长细比的增大,虽然其弹性刚度和承载力逐渐降低,但延性改善。采用ABAQUS软件建立RPC外包方钢管混凝土柱的有限元模型,分析RPC强度、RPC厚度、钢管强度等级、含钢率、内部混凝土强度和长细比等参数对组合柱承载力的影响规律,可得方钢管混凝土柱发挥系数的变化幅值为0.78~1.01。在试验研究、有限元参数分析和理论探讨的基础上,借鉴钢管混凝土结构技术规范,提出了RPC外包方钢管混凝土轴压短柱和长柱的承载力简化计算方法,公式计算值与已有数据样本吻合良好。

配筋PVA-钢混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料梁柱边节点抗震性能试验研究

改善工程材料韧性和耐久性,提高框架梁柱节点抵抗变形和破坏的能力,是提高框架结构抗震韧性的有效途径之一。采用PVA-钢混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料代替普通混凝土应用到梁柱边节点,考虑轴压比和加密区体积配箍率的影响,设计6个配筋PVA-钢混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料、1个配筋单掺PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料和1个钢筋混凝土梁柱边节点试件进行拟静力试验,分析其破坏形态、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、延性、耗能能力、钢筋应变和梁端塑性铰区转角,探讨混杂纤维的加入对梁柱边节点抗震性能的影响。结果表明:与钢筋混凝土节点和单掺PVA纤维增强水泥基复合材料节点相比,PVA-钢混杂纤维增强水泥基复合材料节点的承载力高、变形能力大、延性好、耗能能力强,抗震性能显著提升。当试验轴压比从0.12增加到0.24,梁端塑性铰区产生一定的外移,塑性性能发挥更充分,同时试件的变形能力、延性、耗能能力增加。在加密区体积配箍率减小的情况下,试件仍表现出良好的抗震性能。

十字形钢管束自密实混凝土短肢剪力墙轴压性能研究

为研究十字形钢管束自密实混凝土短肢剪力墙的轴压受力性能,通过模型试验研究和ABAQUS数值模拟相结合的方法,对不同腔体数十字形钢管束自密实混凝土短肢剪力墙的轴压性能进行分析。首先,根据轴压试验结果对剪力墙的破坏形态和轴向荷载-应变曲线等轴压受力性能进行分析,提出轴压承载力计算公式。其次,建立剪力墙轴压有限元计算模型,将试验结果和模型计算结果进行对比以验证有限元模型的准确性。最后,根据有限元参数化分析结果验证并修正剪力墙轴压承载力计算公式。研究发现,剪力墙的轴向荷载-应变曲线在不同腔体数下具有相似的特征,表明其变形能力良好。在破坏过程中,钢管束对核心混凝土的约束作用显著,提高了试件的延性和承载能力,其中钢管束的破坏主要表现为多波鼓曲和焊缝开裂,尤其是在钢管束中部的1/4区域。此外,随着腔体数增加,剪力墙极限承载力提升,但其延性系数有所下降。本研究提出的简化公式与有限元分析结果的误差控制在10%以内,该公式可为工程设计应用提供理论借鉴。

内置工字型CFRP型材高强圆钢管高强混凝土轴压短柱组合效应分析

目的 研究内置工字型CFRP型材的高强圆钢管高强混凝土短柱在轴心压力作用下三种材料的组合效应。方法 采用有限元分析软件ABAQUS对其进行数值模拟,通过相关试验验证模型的准确性,并对典型构件的破坏形态、受力全过程曲线进行分析,揭示构件各组成部分之间的相互作用和工作机理,评估CFRP配置率、钢材屈服强度、混凝土抗压强度、约束效应系数对组合效应的影响。结果 在高强圆钢管高强混凝土柱中内置CFRP型材,对构件的延性及安全裕度有显著提高,并改善了高强圆钢管对高强混凝土的约束,提高了构件的组合效应。结论 CFRP配置率控制在5.9%~8.4%,约束效应系数在1.2~1.4,钢材屈服强度不大于770 MPa时,构件中三种材料组合效应最佳。

新型波纹管连接方钢管混凝土拼接柱抗震性能试验研究

为研究一种新型波纹管连接方钢管混凝土拼接柱的抗震性能,以不同节点配筋率、不同节点锚固长度和轴压比为主要研究变量,对1个整浇柱和4个装配柱进行低周往复加载试验。研究分析了整浇柱与装配柱在破坏模式、滞回性能、位移延性等方面的抗震性能差异。结果表明:装配柱与整浇柱破坏模式类似,采用不同节点构造的装配柱与整浇柱在滞回曲线、骨架特性和刚度退化等方面差异不大,装配柱的耗能性能优于整浇柱。各装配柱极限位移角为1/16.7~1/25,满足规范设计要求。在较大轴压比下,装配柱的承载力提升,延性降低。在较大位移角下,装配柱节点抗震性能受焊缝质量的影响较大,建议实际工程中加强焊接质量管理,以保证构件具有足够的变形能力。

局部环向变厚度方钢管混凝土柱偏压力学性能研究

针对海洋环境中飞溅区造成的钢管混凝土柱局部环向腐蚀现象,采用机械削减方式模拟钢管壁厚局部环向腐蚀,进行了7个方钢管混凝土柱偏压试验,揭示了削弱率和偏心率对其偏压承载力的影响,并通过数值模拟对削弱率进行拓展分析.提出了基于削弱率的偏压承载力降低系数,代入中、美规范进行偏压承载力计算.结果表明:钢管的局部环向变厚度严重削弱了方钢管混凝土柱的偏压承载力和侧向挠曲能力;较大的加载偏心率也降低了其偏压承载力,但增大了其侧向挠曲能力.引入偏压承载力降低系数后,根据中、美规范计算得到的偏压承载力与试验值均吻合较好;相比于我国规范,美国规范在计算偏压承载力时相对更加保守.