Seismic stability of reinforced soil walls under bearing capacity failure by pseudo-dynamic method

In order to evaluate the seismic stability of reinforced soil walls against bearing capacity failure,the seismic safety factor of reinforced soil walls was determined by using pseudo-dynamic method,and calculated by considering different parameters,such as horizontal and vertical seismic acceleration coefficients,ratio of reinforcement length to wall height,back fill friction angle,foundation soil friction angle,soil reinforcement interface friction angle and surcharge.The parametric study shows that the seismic safety factor increases by 24-fold when the foundation soil friction angle varies from 25°to 45°,and increases by 2-fold when the soil reinforcement interface friction angle varies from 0 to 30°.That is to say,the bigger values the foundation soil and/or soil reinforcement interface friction angles have,the safer the reinforced soil walls become in the seismic design.The results were also compared with those obtained from pseudo-static method.It is found that there is a higher value of the safety factor by the present work.

Stability Analysis of Space Compcoite Structore and Its Ultimate Bearing Capacity

In this paper, using incremental equilibrium equation, the authors have studiedthe effeet of ultimate bearing capacity of every component on structuralstability, and discussed the stability analysis method for space compositestructures. With the help of the test results for the concrete filled ateel tubeskeleton of the long-spen RC arch bridse, it is proved that the proposed methodis accurate and reliable.

Determination of the load bearing capacity of pre-stressed expandable props for ground support in underground mines

This paper aims to determine the load bearing capacity of pre-stressed expandable props with different geometries and load eccentricities for flexible support in underground mining or excavation.It is deduced that the expandable device could have much higher strength(>89 MPa)by laboratory tests,and the load bearing capacity of the expandable prop may depend on the stability of the supporting steel pipe structure.A good agreement was found between the laboratory test and numerical results in terms of the load bearing capacity and the final macro-bending failure pattern for expandable props with heights of 1.5 and 2.7 m,and the theoretical calculation for the strength of traditional steel structures is not directly suitable for the expandable props.Moreover,additional numerical simulations were performed for the expandable props with different normalized slenderness ratiosλ_(n)and loading eccentric distances e.The variation of stability coefficient of the expandable prop is in line with the Perry-Robertson equation and its correlation coefficients are fitted as a of 0.979 and b of 0.314.For estimating the load bearing capacity of the expandable props,the strength equation for traditional steel structures is improved by introducing a bending magnification factor and by modifying the normalized slenderness ratio to a converted slenderness ratio.Based on the underground field monitoring for the strength of expandable props with different heights,the empirical eccentric distances were back calculated,and a safety factor is introduced to obtain the designed strength of the expandable prop.In addition,a four-step design procedure is proposed for the expandable prop.

Experimental Study on Stability of Breakwaters with Penetrating Box Foundations

The breakwater with top sealed, shallow and wide penetrating box foundations is a new type of structure, applicable to deep water and soft seabed. The relations of horizontal and vertical bearing capacities of the box foundation structure as well as the instability induced failure modes to its dimensions and external loads are discussed through static model tests and wave tests. The mechanical properties of the stability of the box foundation are similar to those of embedded rigid foundations, i.e. the vertical stresses at the bottom of the box are distributed in a linear pattern under the action of vertical loads, and passive and active soil pressures are developed at the front and back sides of the box under the action of horizontal loads; there are two instability induced failure modes of the foundation structure-horizontal slide along the box base and tilting due to insufficient local vertical bearing capacity of the soil beneath the box base. The stability of box foundations can be analyzed by use of the methods applied to analysis of the embedded rigid foundations. To increase the width of the box is the most effective way to improve the stability of box foundations.

Evaluation of survival stow position and stability analysis for heliostat under strong wind

Heliostats are sensitive to the wind load, thus as a key indicator, the study on the static and dynamic stability bearing capacity for heliostats is very important. In this work, a numerical wind tunnel was established to calculate the wind load coefficients in various survival stow positions. In order to explore the best survival stow position for the heliostat under the strong wind, eigenvalue buckling analysis method was introduced to predict the critical wind load theoretically. Considering the impact of the nonlinearity and initial geometrical imperfection, the nonlinear post-buckling behaviors of the heliostat were investigated by load-displacement curves in the full equilibrium process. Eventually, combining B-R criterion with equivalent displacement principle the dynamic critical wind speed and load amplitude coefficient were evaluated. The results show that the determination for the best survival stow position is too hasty just by the wind load coefficients. The geometric nonlinearity has a great effect on the stability bearing capacity of the heliostat, while the effects of the material nonlinearity and initial geometrical imperfection are relatively small. And the heliostat is insensitive to the initial geometrical imperfection. In addition, the heliostat has the highest safety factor for wind-resistant performance in the stow position of 90-90 which can be taken as the best survival stow position. In this case, the extreme survival wind speeds for the static and dynamic stability are 150 m/s and 36 m/s, respectively.

Analysis of overall stability bearing capacity of single-layer shell structures under high temperature condition

Based upon nonlinear analysis theories for single-layer reticulated shells under fire conditions,more than 800 FEA models for four types of single-layer reticulated shells(K8,Geodesic,Schwedler,and Lamella) with different geometric parameters were set,and nonlinear finite element complete-process analysis under fire condition were conducted on the two typical cases,i.e.,global non-uniform temperature distribution and localized high temperature.By analyzing the calculation results for elasto-plastic stability bearing capacity,the practical calculation formulae for calculating elasto-plastic stability bearing capacity under fire condition were obtained.

陕北地区传统民居靠崖式砖窑承载力及稳定性评估

为研究陕北地区传统民居靠崖式砖窑的承载能力及稳定性,通过现场检测和调查靠崖式砖窑的残损情况及坍塌区域对整体结构的影响,采用有限元软件ABAQUS对窑洞单体和窑洞-边坡整体进行了承载力和稳定性分析。研究结果表明:靠崖式砖窑较严重残损主要分布在窑腿、拱顶,病害主要表现为窑腿开裂和外闪,拱券开裂、局部松动乃至坍塌;坍塌区域的地基由于应力释放引起上部窑洞部分区域倾斜、开裂;窑洞单体在外荷载作用下变形及应力较小,受地震作用影响较小;窑洞-边坡模型失稳时的强度折减系数为1.15,表明该边坡目前处于稳定状态,在降水较多时存在失稳的风险。

Stabilization of saline silty sand using lime and micro silica

Many construction and post-construction problems have been reported in the literature when saline soils have been used without understanding of their abnormal behavior,especially their inferior bearing capacity in the natural condition.The strength of these soils further decreases on soaking.Saline soil deposits cover extensive areas in central Iran and are associated with geotechnical problems such as excessive differential settlement,susceptibility to strength loss and collapse upon wetting.Because of these characteristics,some of the roads constructed on saline soils in Taleghan area have exhibited deterioration in the form of raveling,cracking and landslides.The main objective of this work is to improve the load-bearing capacity of pavements constructed on Taleghan saline soils using lime and micro silica.Soil samples from Hashtgerd-Taleghan road were collected and tested for improving their properties using lime and micro silica at different dosages ranging from 0 to 6%.The load-bearing capacity of stabilized soil mixtures was evaluated using California Bearing Ratio(CBR) and unconfined compressive strength tests.The test results indicate that the lime improves the performance of soil significantly.The addition of 2% lime with 3% micro silica has satisfied the strength-deformation requirements.Therefore,improved soil can be used as a good subbase in flexible pavements.

集中荷载作用下弹性支撑矩形钢管混凝土翼缘工字形梁稳定性能研究

为研究弹性支撑刚度对矩形钢管混凝土翼缘工字形梁稳定性能的影响,开展了集中荷载作用下3根带有不同弹性支撑刚度的矩形钢管混凝土翼缘工字形梁的稳定性能试验,研究试验梁的位移及应变的变化规律,获得梁的失稳形式和稳定承载力。试验结果表明,整个加载破坏过程分为三个阶段,即弹性阶段、弹塑性阶段和破坏阶段,3根试验梁均发生整体弯扭屈曲失稳。随着弹性支撑刚度增加,梁稳定承载力增大,验证了设置弹性支撑可有效地提高该梁的稳定承载力。在试验基础上,利用ANSYS有限元软件对该梁进行非线性屈曲分析,将获得的稳定承载力与试验结果进行对比,误差均小于5%,从而验证有限元分析方法的正确性。最后,研究了混凝土强度、上翼缘含钢率和腹板高厚比等参数对该类梁稳定性能的影响规律。研究表明,增大上翼缘钢管含钢率和减小腹板高厚比均可明显提高该类梁的稳定承载力,而增强混凝土强度对梁的稳定承载力提高较小。

新建公路隧道上跨既有铁路隧道稳定性影响研究

为明确新建隧道施工及夹层岩土体厚度、围岩级别等不同因素对既有隧道结构稳定性的影响作用,以新建公路隧道上跨既有铁路隧道工程为依托,采用数值计算的研究方法,探讨了不同夹层岩土体厚度及围岩等级下近接隧道施工对既有隧道结构受力和变形的影响规律,并利用现场试验验证了计算模型的准确性,同时通过检算隧道结构各部位的安全系数,对近接隧道施工安全性进行了评价。结果表明:(1)新建公路隧道与既有铁路隧道夹层厚度对既有铁路隧道拱顶和轨道面的受力和变形影响显著。当夹层土厚度在0~16 m时,既有结构的受力和变形受新建隧道施工影响较大,当厚度大于31 m时,基本不受影响。既有结构变形随夹土层厚度增加逐渐减小;(2)既有铁路隧道结构应力随着围岩级别的降低而增大,但非线性关系,Ⅵ级和Ⅴ级围岩条件下较Ⅳ级围岩应力分别增长了12.3%和36.8%;(3)现场监测数据表明既有隧道拱顶和轨面处的竖向位移曲线均呈倒“W”形,变形量实测值与数值计算值偏差在20%以内,验证了计算模型的可靠性;(4)既有隧道结构承载力受新建隧道的影响较小,未出现衬砌结构的拉压破坏,满足相关规范的安全评估要求。

一种新型山区道路拓宽方案研究

针对山区低等级道路拓宽工程,尤其是一侧高路堑、另一侧高陡崖或高陡路基的路段,提出一种外侧枕梁支撑、内侧锚杆拉结的悬臂承载梁新型拓宽方案,以某路基拓宽工程为例,介绍其结构型式,并进行承载性能研究。结果表明:新型拓宽方案结构合理,强度、刚度及稳定性满足相关规范要求;适当加深外侧枕梁深度,可明显提高承载稳定性,较差的岩体建议采用地下连续墙或桩基础;内侧预应力锚杆强度及其与承载梁的连接尤为重要,是控制承载梁在外侧偏载作用下结构稳定的关键;限位装置是确保整体稳定、防震、防止承载梁不滑脱、锚杆不受剪的关键。

不同连接节点的重型管道支吊架承载性能研究

随着装配式建筑的快速发展,装配式管道支吊架的应用范围越来越广,与传统焊接支吊架相比,装配式支吊架具有施工效率高、环境污染小等优势。目前针对装配式重型支吊架的设计规范及相关研究较为缺乏,因此针对不同连接方式的装配式重型支吊架展开足尺试验研究,结合数值仿真与理论分析,探究不同连接节点支吊架的破坏形态与承载能力。研究结果表明:不同节点的支吊架破坏形式均表现为横梁弯扭破坏,且符合极值点失稳特征;使用槽钢横梁及半槽型连接件的支吊架承载力明显低于采用端板连接的H型钢横梁支吊架,外伸竖向端板连接结构的承载力优于平齐竖向端板连接,也优于水平端板连接节点;在进行理论计算时,半槽型连接节点和外伸端板连接节点可采用半刚接模型计算,平齐端板连接节点可采用铰接模型计算,4种节点形式的支吊架整体稳定系数均高于规范计算数值,能够满足整体稳定性的要求。

计算长度反推法在钢压杆整体稳定试验中的应用

钢压杆的整体稳定承载力与构件的初始几何缺陷、残余应力、钢材弹塑性以及端部的约束情况密切相关。试验观测表明,实际测得的压杆稳定极限承载力高于按压杆几何长度确定的屈曲荷载。这主要是由于压杆两端支座实际上很难达到理想的铰接状态,较强的支座约束情况引起构件计算长度取值变小,钢压杆的稳定极限承载力随之提高。根据传统的构件稳定理论,利用了压杆整体稳定承载力试验弹性阶段的荷载-位移关系,提出了一种反推计算长度的方法。借助可靠的有限元模型分析验证了该方法的正确性。将此方法应用于实际的钢压杆整体稳定承载力试验数据分析,不仅合理解释了试验现象与结果,还消除了不同支座形式对钢压杆整体稳定承载力大小的影响。相关结论可为钢压杆整体稳定承载力试验研究提供参考。

深水钻井井口吸力桩稳定性计算和校核方法

深水松软土质下,传统喷射法安装的表层导管在钻井阶段存在下沉和倾斜的风险。为了提升深水钻井水下井口的稳定性,提出了井口吸力桩表层建井的方法,开展了吸力桩下入深度和稳定性分析。基于桩基承载理论和广义Winkler地基梁模型,建立了井口吸力桩稳定性理论模型,并通过有限元方法和有限差分法研究了井口吸力桩稳定性特征及影响因素。以南中国海某井工程参数为依据,对井口吸力桩稳定性开展理论计算,与有限元计算结果进行对比,竖向极限承载力误差为4.23%,最大水平位移误差为6.0%,最大弯矩误差为2.96%,印证了计算结果的准确性。在钻井工况极限载荷作用下,相比于传统表层导管,井口吸力桩竖向承载力提升了43.91%,水平位移减少了63.21%,抗弯安全系数是前者的24.5倍。分别对井口吸力桩施加不同水平位移和弯矩,结果表明水平载荷对横向稳定性影响较为显著。井口吸力桩具有很高的竖向承载力和横向承载力,显著提高了水下井口的稳定性,研究结果为其在深水松软土质中表层建井提供了理论依据。

柔性光伏支架基础设计与分析

为研究柔性光伏支架桩基在局部淤泥质土较厚区域的水平承载力和稳定性,文中通过江苏某渔光互补发电项目,采用规范公式进行了相关验算,并对水平力作用下桩土共同作用进行有限元分析验证。结果表明,柔性光伏支架桩基设计规范方法与有限元结果较为相符,桩基的水平承载力和稳定性满足规范要求。总结分析锚杆抗拔承载力的计算方法和深厚淤泥质土区域光伏锚杆的加强措施。相关结论可为同类项目设计提供参考。

腹板开孔薄壁工字梁准静态压缩力学行为及稳定性分析

对蜂窝、内凹和椭圆构型腹板开孔薄壁工字梁在准静态单轴压缩作用下的力学行为及稳定性进行了实验和有限元仿真研究。通过对比实验和有限元仿真的结果,验证有限元仿真的可靠性。基于实验结果和有限元仿真结果,分析了不同构型腹板开孔薄壁工字梁的最大承载力、弹性模量和破坏机制,得出孔型对腹板开孔薄壁工字梁压缩失稳的影响规律。研究表明,孔到翼缘的距离越大结构稳定性越好,稳定性较好的腹板开孔薄壁工字梁压缩失稳的位置出现在两孔之间,同时内凹构型相比蜂窝和椭圆构型腹板开孔薄壁工字梁具有更好的稳定性。

考虑瓦块子结构的可倾瓦轴承广义完整动特性系数研究

针对因忽略瓦块子结构动力学特性而导致常规8系数无法分析瓦块摆振特性及其稳定性的问题,提出考虑瓦块子结构的可倾瓦轴承广义完整动特性系数表征方法。以瓦间承载的四瓦可倾瓦轴承为研究对象,采用差分概念法计算了其广义完整动特性系数,利用线性和非线性方法计算得到的小扰动响应对比验证了计算模型的正确性,研究了轴承结构参数和运行工况对可倾瓦轴承动特性系数的影响规律。研究结果表明:承载瓦的稳定性高于非承载瓦;重载工况下非承载瓦易发生失稳故障;转速过高会降低转子轴承系统的减振能力;存在一个最佳支点系数可以使各瓦块的角刚度最大;增大长径比、预载荷系数和瓦包角,减小轴承间隙比可以提高轴承的刚度系数、阻尼系数以及各瓦块的角刚度系数、角阻尼系数,轴承间隙对动特性系数的影响最显著。

穿越溶洞桥梁桩基嵌岩深度计算方法研究

为准确计算岩溶区桥梁桩基嵌岩深度,依托莆炎高速公路岩溶区桥梁桩基工程,分别考虑桩基竖向极限承载力、桩身稳定性和桥梁全寿命周期内溶洞溶蚀量,提出3种穿越溶洞桥梁桩基嵌岩深度计算方法,并验证3种方法的可靠性。选取34根代表性桩基对比嵌岩深度设计值与所提方法计算值,并选取1根试桩对比规范值与所提方法计算值。结果表明:34根代表性桩基中,1根桩基的嵌岩深度设计值小于考虑全寿命周期内溶洞溶蚀量的嵌岩深度计算值,占比2.9%;10根桩基的嵌岩深度设计值同时满足竖向极限承载力、桩身稳定性和桥梁全寿命周期内溶洞溶蚀量要求,且安全储备合理,占比29.5%;23根桩基存在安全储备较高问题,占比67.6%,其中14.7%的桩基嵌岩深度设计安全储备高达5倍。各规范关于桩基嵌岩深度的取值差异较大,为确保桥梁桩基承载安全,同时降低施工难度和成本,建议设计穿越溶洞桥梁桩基的合理嵌岩深度时,充分考虑桥梁全寿命周期内溶洞溶蚀量。

上覆CRSS快速固化淤泥硬壳层厚度对淤泥地基承载特性的影响

复合型早强土壤固化剂(CRSS)具有快凝高强特性,利用自主研发的CRSS固化剂对表层淤泥快速固化并作为上覆硬壳层,通过模型试验研究不同上覆硬壳层厚度(3、6、9、12 cm)条件下硬壳层破坏形式、p-s曲线特性、弯沉盆形状以及土压力分布规律,在现有弯沉盆变形理论基础上,结合试验结果,对弯沉盆变形形状函数进行修正。研究结果表明:随硬壳层厚度增大,硬壳层破坏形式由对折破坏过渡到冲切破坏;硬壳层厚度越大,扩散作用越明显,极限承载力越高,沉降相应增大;与荷载板中心点不同距离的沉降位移可用弯沉盆形状描述,提出了修正的对数弯沉盆假设变形计算公式,比线性弯沉盆假设变形计算公式更合理;土压力从中心向外呈下降趋势,沿深度方向逐渐减小;随硬壳层厚度增大,土压力分布更均匀。

空间异形桥塔的稳定极限承载力计算方法

空间异形桥塔几何构形复杂,存在非规则截面和非理想边界特征,利用现有方法难以获得其稳定极限承载力,无法准确感知结构安全性,保守设计思维引发材料浪费。而这类桥塔形式发展快、规模大,朝着结构高耸化、材料高强化、构件薄壁化的趋势发展,稳定问题突出,需重点关注其稳定极限承载力。本研究剖析了桥塔稳定问题的实质,从非线性稳定安全系数入手,系统考虑构件长细比、双重非线性、初始缺陷的影响,寻求稳定安全系数与稳定折减系数的内在映射关系,提出了空间异形桥塔稳定极限承载力计算方法。采用矩形和圆形钢筋混凝土、纯钢箱、钢箱混凝土等典型理想压杆算例,将稳定承载力结果与规范值比对,验证了所提计算方法的可行性和准确性。最后,以一座典型的空间异形桥塔斜拉桥为工程依托,构建了精细化非线性有限元模拟策略,获得其稳定极限承载力。结果表明:该工程的弹性稳定安全系数为18.56,非线性稳定安全系数为4.125,稳定折减系数为0.899,考虑双重非线性和初始缺陷后,非线性稳定安全系数仅为弹性稳定安全系数的0.22,稳定极限承载力大幅降低。对于长细比较大的异形压杆索塔结构,设计上应充分考虑非线性对结构稳定承载力的影响。