In this paper, we consider multi-agent consensus problems in a decentralised fashion. The interconnection topology graph among the agents is switching and undirected. The agent dynamics is expressed in the form of a d...In this paper, we consider multi-agent consensus problems in a decentralised fashion. The interconnection topology graph among the agents is switching and undirected. The agent dynamics is expressed in the form of a double integrator model. Two different cases are considered in this study. One is the leader-following case and the other is leaderless case. Based on graph theory and common Lyapunov function method, some sufficient conditions are obtained for the consensus stability of the considered systems with the neighbour-based feedback laws in both leader-following case and leaderless case respectively. Finally, two numerical examples are given to illustrate the obtained results.展开更多
With the development of photovoltaic materials, especially the small molecule acceptors(SMAs), organic solar cells(OSCs)have made breakthroughs in power conversion efficiencies(PCEs). However, the stability of high-pe...With the development of photovoltaic materials, especially the small molecule acceptors(SMAs), organic solar cells(OSCs)have made breakthroughs in power conversion efficiencies(PCEs). However, the stability of high-performance OSCs remains a critical challenge for future technological applications. To tackle the inherent instability of SMA materials under the ambient conditions, much effort has been made to improve OSCs stability, including device modification and new materials design. Here we proposed a new electron acceptor design strategy and developed a “quasi-macromolecule”(QM) with an A-π-A structure,where the functionalized π-bridge is used as a linker between two SMAs(A), to improve the long-term stability without deteriorating device efficiencies. Such type of QMs enables excellent synthetic flexibility to modulate their optical/electrochemical properties, crystallization and aggregation behaviors by changing the A and π units. Moreover, QMs possess a unique long conjugated backbone combining high molecular weight over 3.5 k Da with high purity. Compared with the corresponding SMA BTP-4F-OD(Y6-OD), the devices based on newly synthesized A-π-A type acceptors QM1 and QM2 could exhibit better device stability and more promising PCEs of 17.05% and 16.36%, respectively. This kind of “molecular-framework”(A-π-A)structure provides a new design strategy for developing high-efficiency and-stability photovoltaic materials.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60674071)
文摘In this paper, we consider multi-agent consensus problems in a decentralised fashion. The interconnection topology graph among the agents is switching and undirected. The agent dynamics is expressed in the form of a double integrator model. Two different cases are considered in this study. One is the leader-following case and the other is leaderless case. Based on graph theory and common Lyapunov function method, some sufficient conditions are obtained for the consensus stability of the considered systems with the neighbour-based feedback laws in both leader-following case and leaderless case respectively. Finally, two numerical examples are given to illustrate the obtained results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52125306, 21875286, 22005347)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (2021JJ20068)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0206600)。
文摘With the development of photovoltaic materials, especially the small molecule acceptors(SMAs), organic solar cells(OSCs)have made breakthroughs in power conversion efficiencies(PCEs). However, the stability of high-performance OSCs remains a critical challenge for future technological applications. To tackle the inherent instability of SMA materials under the ambient conditions, much effort has been made to improve OSCs stability, including device modification and new materials design. Here we proposed a new electron acceptor design strategy and developed a “quasi-macromolecule”(QM) with an A-π-A structure,where the functionalized π-bridge is used as a linker between two SMAs(A), to improve the long-term stability without deteriorating device efficiencies. Such type of QMs enables excellent synthetic flexibility to modulate their optical/electrochemical properties, crystallization and aggregation behaviors by changing the A and π units. Moreover, QMs possess a unique long conjugated backbone combining high molecular weight over 3.5 k Da with high purity. Compared with the corresponding SMA BTP-4F-OD(Y6-OD), the devices based on newly synthesized A-π-A type acceptors QM1 and QM2 could exhibit better device stability and more promising PCEs of 17.05% and 16.36%, respectively. This kind of “molecular-framework”(A-π-A)structure provides a new design strategy for developing high-efficiency and-stability photovoltaic materials.
