Integrating stable isotopes and factor analysis to delineate the groundwater provenance and pollution sources in the northwestern part of the Amman-Al Zarqa Basin, Jordan

Globally,groundwater contamination by nitrate is one of the most widespread environmental problems,particularly in arid and semiarid areas,which are characterized by low amounts of rainfall and groundwater recharge.The stable isotope composition of groundwater(δ2H-H2O andδ18O-H2O)and dissolved nitrate(δ15N-NO3–andδ18O-NO3–)and factor analysis(FA)were applied to explore groundwater provenance,pollution,and chemistry evolution in the northwestern part of the Amman-Al Zarqa Basin,Jordan.In this study,we collected 23 samples from the Lower Ajloun aquifer in 2021,including 1 sample from a groundwater well and 22 samples from springs.These samples were tested for electrical conductivity,total dissolved solids,pH,temperature,dissolved oxygen,the concentration of major ions(Ca2+,Mg2+,Na+,K+,HCO3–,Cl–,SO42–,and NO3–),and the stable isotope composition of groundwater and dissolved nitrate.The results revealed that groundwater in the study area is mainly Ca–Mg–HCO3 type and can be classified as fresh water,hard water,and very hard water.The range and average concentration of NO3–were 3.5–230.8 and 50.9 mg/L,respectively.Approximately 33%of the sampling points showed NO3–levels above the maximum allowable concentration of 50.0 mg/L set by the World Health Organization(WHO)guidelines for drinking water quality.The values ofδ18O-H2O andδ2H-H2O showed that groundwater in the study area is part of the current water cycle,originating in the Mediterranean Sea,with significant evaporation,orographic,and amount effects.The values of the stable isotope composition of NO3–corresponded toδ15N-NO3–andδ18O-NO3–values produced by the nitrification process of manure or septic waste and soil NH4+.The FA performed on the hydrochemical parameters and isotope data resulted in three main factors,with Factor 1,Factor 2,and Factor 3,accounting for 50%,21%,and 11%of the total variance,respectively.Factor 1 was considered human-induced factor,named"pollution factor",whereas Factor 2,named"conservative fingerprint factor",and Factor 3,named"hardness factor",were considered natural factors.This study will help local researchers manage groundwater sustainably in the study area and other similar arid and semiarid areas in the world.

Linkage between precipitation isotopes and water vapor sources in the monsoon margin:Evidence from arid areas of Northwest China

The isotope composition in precipitation has been widely considered as a tracer of monsoon activity.Compared with the coastal region,the monsoon margin usually has limited precipitation with large fluctuation and is usually sensitive to climate change.The water resource management in the monsoon margin should be better planned by understanding the composition of precipitation isotope and its influencing factors.In this study,the precipitation samples were collected at five sampling sites(Baiyin City,Kongtong District,Maqu County,Wudu District,and Yinchuan City)of the monsoon margin in the northwest of China in 2022 to analyze the characteristics of stable hydrogen(δD)and oxygen(δ18O)isotopes.We analyzed the impact of meteorological factors(temperature,precipitation,and relative humidity)on the composition of precipitation isotope at daily level by regression analysis,utilized the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory(HYSPLIT)-based backward trajectory model to simulate the air mass trajectory of precipitation events,and adopted the potential source contribution function(PSCF)and concentration weighted trajectory(CWT)to analyze the water vapor sources.The results showed that compared with the global meteoric water line(GMWL),the slope of the local meteoric water line(LMWL;δD=7.34δ^(18)O-1.16)was lower,indicating the existence of strong regional evaporation in the study area.Temperature significantly contributed toδ18O value,while relative humidity had a significant negative effect onδ18O value.Through the backward trajectory analysis,we found eight primary locations that were responsible for the water vapor sources of precipitation in the study area,of which moisture from the Indian Ocean to South China Sea(ITSC)and the western continental(CW)had the greatest influence on precipitation in the study area.The hydrogen and oxygen isotopes in precipitation are significantly influenced by the sources and transportation paths of air mass.In addition,the results of PSCF and CWT analysis showed that the water vapor source areas were primarily distributed in the south and northwest direction of the study area.

Isotopes (¹³C and ¹⁸O) Geochemistry of Lower Triassic Montney Formation, Northeastern British Columbia, Western Canada

Oxygen isotope (δ18O) serves as paleothermometer, and provides paleotemperature for carbonates. δ18O signature was used to estimate the temperature of fractionation of dolomite and calcite in Montney Formation, empirically calculated to have precipitated, between approximately 13°C to ±33°C during Triassic time in northeastern British Columbia, Western Canada Sedimentary Basin (WCSB). Measurements of stable isotopes (δ13C and δ18O) fractionation, supported by quantitative X-ray diffraction evidence, and whole-rock geochemical characterization of the Triassic Montney Formation indicates the presence of calcite, dolomite, magnesium, carbon and other elements. Results from isotopic signature obtained from bulk calcite and bulk dolomite from this study indicates depleted δ13CPDB (-2.18‰ to -8.46‰) and depleted δ18OPDB (-3.54‰ to -16.15‰), which is interpreted in relation to oxidation of organic matter during diagenesis. Diagenetic modification of dolomitized very fine-grained, silty-sandstone of the Montney Formation may have occurred in stages of progressive oxidation and reduction reactions involving chemical elements such as Fe, which manifest in mineral form as pyrite, particularly, during early burial diagenesis. Such mineralogical changes evident in this study from petrography and SEM, includes cementation, authigenic quartz overgrowth and mineral replacement involving calcite and dolomite, which are typical of diagenesis. High concentration of chemical elements in the Montney Formation?-Ca and Mg indicates dolomitization. It is interpreted herein, that calcite may have been precipitated into the interstitial pore space of the intergranular matrix of very fine-grained silty-sandstone of the Montney Formation as cement by a complex mechanism resulting in the interlocking of grains.

Zircon U-Pb ages and O-Hf isotopes of Quaternary trachytes from the East Sea:Implications for the genesis of low-δ^(18)O magmas

Quaternary intraplate magmatism formed several volcanic islands and seamounts,including Dokdo(DD),Ulleungdo(UD),Simheungtack(ST),Anyongbok,and Isabu in the southwest of the East Sea back-arc basin.In this study,we present whole-rock geochemical,zircon U–Pb age,and in situ O–Hf isotope data for the submerged volcanic rocks from DD,UD,and ST to provide new insights into the eruption timing of these volcanoes and constrain the magma evolution processes.All samples used in this study were trachytes and exhibited ferroan,alkalic,and metaluminous to weakly peraluminous characteristics.They showed light rare earth element(REE)-enriched patterns with(La/Yb)N ratios of 25.3–31.7 and mostly negative Eu anomalies in a chondrite-normalized REE plot.In addition,they were enriched in large-ion lithophile elements and high field strength elements;they exhibited positive Pb anomalies and strongly negative Ba,Sr,P,and Ti anomalies.The zircons yielded a weighted-mean 206Pb/238U age of 2.61,0.348–0.704,and 2.76–2.94 Ma for the DD,UD,and ST trachytes,respectively.All zircons exhibited lowerδ^(18)O values than normal depleted mantle values,regardless of the crystallization age and spatial distribution of volcanoes.Theδ^(18)O values showed no correlation with U contents or Th/U ratios,indicating that the lowδ^(18)O signatures were of primary magmatic origin.The Hf isotopic compositions of the zircons were relatively heterogeneous but predominately characterized by positive eHf values.Binary O–Hf mixing modeling revealed that low-δ^(18)O rocks with positive eHf values from the UD and ST volcanoes were derived from a hybrid source of recycled juvenile crustal materials with low-δ^(18)O and positive eHf signatures and an enriched mantle source with normalδ^(18)O and negative eHf values.The juvenile oceanic crust in the source was likely metasomatized by seawater at high temperatures prior to melting.In contrast,the felsic magma that formed the DD volcanoes may have assimilated with regional basement rocks(Triassic–Jurassic granitoids),resulting in increasedδ^(18)O values and decreased eHf values relative to those of the UD and ST volcanoes.Our study highlights the significant contribution of recycled oceanic crust materials to the generation of the Quaternary magmas.

级联生产稳定同位素^(18)O的模拟优化研究

本工作利用已有的四塔级联设计方案,通过采用均匀设计方法对操作参数进行优化,并利用二项式逐步回归求取模型方程,同时利用遗传算法对模型进行了优化设计,综合分析了不同进料量及级间流量对18 O产品丰度的影响,得到产品18 O的丰度与进料量及级间流量和热量消耗与进料量及级间流量的数学关系式,并得出进料量与级间流量的单因素响应图。本研究采用的模拟优化方法可应用到18 O的产业化生产及推广至传统精馏过程的优化设计中。

^(18)O和~2H标记水测定人的总体水

报道了用稳定核素Ｈ２１８Ｏ和２Ｈ２Ｏ同时一次口服作示踪实验测定总体水量的初步研究。结果表明，Ｈ２１８Ｏ多点示踪法最可靠。从临床应用出发，如以Ｈ２１８Ｏ多点法为参考标准，对２Ｈ２Ｏ多点法及４ｈ单点法的差别求出一定校正，则这些方法也可考虑选用．

Use of δ^(18)O, δ^(13)C and NO_(3)^(-) to identify hydrogeochemical processes related to contamination in an aquifer located in central Mexico

In this work,an isotopic analysis of δ^(18)O,δ^(13)C,and NO_(3)^(-) concentrations was carried out to identify the origin and the processes related to the contamination of an aquifer located in the state of Guanajuato,Mexico.The research identified the possible sources of δ^(13)C in groundwater.During groundwater flow,CO_(2) participates in different hydrogeochemical reactions in which the dissolution of carbonates or biochemical processes related to biodegradation stand out.Isotopic data of δ^(13)C,δ^(18)O,and the hydrogeochemical behavior of NO_(3)^(-) and HCO_(3)^(-) in water,in addition to isotopic data and the chemical composition of limestones in the study area,were determined to establish the isotopic signature and the processes undergone by the rocks.The isotopic signature of rock and water samples indicated that metamorphic limestones contributed with carbon dioxide to deep groundwater,while in the upper aquifer,bacterial metabolic reactions during nitrification–denitrification could modify the isotopic signature of δ^(13)C in some wells,although atmospheric contribution also plays a role.The modification of the carbon isotopic component is related to the precipitation of calcite in specific regions of the study area,input of atmospheric CO_(2),and soil(e.g.the possible participation of C4-type plants in the assimilation-release of carbon).This process is not confirmed or completely ruled out in this study since agriculture is excessively developed throughout the region.The joint interpretation of isotopic values and the hydrogeochemical behavior of major and conservative elements help in identifying possible pollution processes in which different carbon sources are related.

基于稳定同位素贝叶斯混合模型的南四湖水量来源定量解析

为定量解析南四湖水源组成,厘清本地水与外调水的关系,精准保护湖泊水资源,本文建立了基于氢氧稳定同位素的贝叶斯混合模型,分析比较南水北调东线运行后调水期和非调水期不同水源对南四湖湖区的贡献比例及季节特征。结果表明:(1)流域降雨受到一定程度局地蒸发的影响,夏季受海洋蒸发水汽的影响;(2)南四湖地下水、大气降水、入湖河流和外调水等不同水源对湖区水体的贡献比例受南水北调东线工程运行影响较大,调水期分别为5.4%、8.7%、31.2%和54.7%,外调水贡献比例最高;非调水期分别为22.9%、53.0%、6.7%和17.4%,大气降水贡献比例最高,入湖河流贡献相对较少。(3)南水北调东线调水实施后,调水期的外调水量对湖区的贡献占绝对优势,表明调水对南四湖水量变化发挥了重要作用,调水活动逐渐取代自然因素成为流域水量变化的主要驱动因子。

基于稳定氧同位素的葡萄酒掺水鉴别方法研究

为了准确鉴别葡萄酒是否掺水,试验制备不同稳定氧同位素(δ^(18)O)分布范围的水,添加外源水发酵获取不同酒精度的葡萄酒,采用水平衡仪-稳定同位素质谱仪(EQ-IRMS)测定葡萄酒中水的δ^(18)O。结果表明:发酵前后葡萄汁中水的δ^(18)O仅相差0.03‰;掺入不同稳定氧同位素的外源水,掺水量与葡萄酒中水的δ^(18)O呈良好相关关系,当葡萄汁中水的δ^(18)O与外源水δ^(18)O的绝对值相差4.48‰时,模型可判断至少5.5%的掺水量。通过建立基于稳定氧同位素的掺水鉴别模型,可为葡萄酒掺水鉴别研究和相关标准的建立提供科学合理的技术手段及数据支持。

Temporal and spatial variations of δ^(15)N and δ^(18)O for atmospheric N_2O above the oceanic surface from Shanghai to Antarctica

During the 22nd Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE-22), the atmospheric gas samples above the oceanic surface and near the surface were collected on the track for the scientific ship "Xuelong" and on Millor Peninsula of eastern Antarctica, respectively, using the Tedlar gas bags. Every day the sampling times were 10:00 and 22:00 (local time), respectively. In the laboratory, high-precision measurement of the isotopic compositions for N2O in these gas samples was conducted using Thermo Finnigan MAT-253 Isotopic Mass Spectrometer with a fully automated interface for the pre-GC concen-tration (PreCon) of trace gases. The temporal and spatial variations of δ 15N and δ 18O in atmospheric N2O were analyzed. The mean δ 15N and δ 18O-N2O values above the oceanic surface were (7.21±0.50)‰ and (44.52±0.52)‰, respectively. From 30°N to Antarctica, the δ 15N (6.05‰―7.88‰) linearly increased with the rate of about 0.01‰ with the latitude while the δ 18O (43.05‰―48.78‰) showed a large fluctua-tion. The δ 15N negatively correlated with air temperature and N2O concentration, and slightly positively correlated with δ 18O. The summertime variations of δ 15N and δ 18O-N2O appeared the same trend on Millor Peninsula of eastern Antarctica. They significantly positively correlated with each other and negatively with N2O concentration. The δ 15N and δ 18O-N2O at different sites averaged (7.42±0.35)‰ and (44.69±0.49)‰, respectively, slightly higher than those above the oceanic surface, significantly higher than those of atmospheric N2O in the low-latitude regions of Northern Hemisphere. The predominant factors affecting the spatial variations of δ 15N and δ 18O values were also discussed. The isotopic data given in this study can help to investigate the global and regional N2O budgets.

希夏邦马夏季降水中水化学特征

１９９６夏季，中美联合冰川考察队在西藏南部希夏邦马地区进行联合冰川学综合考察，期间在多处进行了降水样收集和冰川表面积雪的采集，为希夏邦马冰川冰芯中古环境气候记录的解释奠定基础．此外，还进行了同步气象观测．比较分析希夏邦马降水中氧稳定同位素、化学成分变化特征和冰川表面的沉积记录．结果发现希夏邦马夏季降水中氧稳定同位素含量和气温变化并未表现出相关性，但其“高程效应”却十分明显；降水中各离子成分的变化幅度很大，但除ＮＯ－３之外，其变化具有明显的同步性；海拔高度的变化对冰川沉积记录的保存产生重要的影响；如果海拔高度偏低，由融化所导致的淋溶作用会改变雪层中的环境信息记录．

高寒干旱区降水氢氧稳定同位素组成及其水汽来源:以昆仑山北坡格尔木河流域为例

降水来源是高寒干旱区水文循环研究中的重要内容。本研究以格尔木河流域山区段纳赤台水文站为研究点,收集2019年6—10月的51个降水事件样品,开展了降水氢氧(H-O)稳定同位素组成及其水汽来源研究。结果表明:(1)降水δ^(18)O与δ^(2)H值变化显著,气温是其变化的主控因素;(2)降水经历了多次蒸发-凝结过程,其同位素值大多落在全球降水线上方;(3)山区降水线方程为δ^(2)H=7.4×δ^(18)O+13.2,可视为流域降水线方程,为流域水循环研究提供可靠的参考。氘盈余分析揭示了西风环流及局地水汽循环是流域山区降水的主要贡献者。HYSPLIT模拟进一步表明流域山区高空水汽由西风环流携带而来而低空水汽还与内陆水体蒸发有关。该成果有助于深入理解高寒山区水汽循环理论,可为当地水资源管理决策提供科学依据。

试论块状白云岩的混合水成因模式

通过沉积相、岩石学、矿物学、氧碳同位素和微量元素特征研究,证明块状白云岩的混合水白云石化作用是一个包括交代、重结晶调整和溶蚀充填作用的复杂水-岩反应过程,提出块状白云岩的混合水成因模式。白云石化过程主要受混合水带的孔隙水盐度变化控制,在侧向加积变浅的浅海碳酸盐沉积体系中,混合水带由陆向海方向迁移引起的孔隙水盐度由高向低变化,是控制白云石化过程的水文动力因素。

浓香型白酒中风味物质氧稳定同位素的检测方法

建立一种检测浓香型白酒中4种重要风味物质氧稳定同位素(δ^(18)O)的方法。用气相色谱仪将浓香型白酒样品中各风味物质与其他含氧物质分离,采用裂解转化装置GC Isolink将各风味物质转化为CO,最后利用稳定同位素比值质谱仪检测浓香型白酒中风味物质的δ^(18)O。结果表明,该方法能准确的测定浓香型白酒中4种重要风味物质(己酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯、乙酸和己酸)的氧稳定同位素比值,风味物质分离度佳、稳定性好、重复测定标准偏差均小于0.3‰,完全满足测定需求,为风味物质δ^(18)O在浓香型白酒鉴别领域的应用提供了技术支持。

广西大瑶山西侧层控矿床稳定同位素特征

本文通过对大瑶山西侧成矿带泥盆系层控矿床中的铅、硫、碳、氢、氧等稳定同位素组成特征研究,探讨了本区成矿物质的来源和含矿溶液性质。认为,铅主要源于上地壳泥盆系—寒武系岩石,后生阶段有部分印支—燕山期幔源铅(基性岩)加入:重晶石硫源于寒武—泥盆纪海水硫酸盐,而硫化物矿物硫源于细菌还原海水硫酸盐成的H_2S;矿物包裹体流体水的氢、氧同位素组成说明后生期含矿热液属于大气降水深循环形成的热囱水,部分碳、氧同位素组成反映了成矿带北段可能有岩浆期后热液的叠加。据此,将本区划为前泥盆纪、泥盆纪、印支期等三期成矿作用,形成了成岩、成岩—后生和后生层控矿床系列,具有多源、多期、多阶段特点。

Holocene climate change in the Central Tibetan Plateau inferred by lacustrine sediment geochemical records

Multi-proxies of lacustrine sediments, such as total carbon (TC), total organic carbon (TOC), total inorganic carbon (TIC), total nitrogen (TN), total sulfur (TS), hydrogen index (HI), oxygen index (OI) and stable carbon isotopic composition of organic matter (δ^(13)C_(org)), were analyzed using a 7.3 m core from Zige Tangco. The source of the organic matter in the sediment was mainly from autochthonous phyto-plankton, therefore the significances of proxies can be interpreted as that high TOC, TOC/TS, HI and δ^(13)C_(org) values, low TC, TIC values corresponded to warm and wet climatic condition, and vice versa. The process of climatic development in the Zige Tangco region was hence recovered. During the early and Mid-Holocene, the climate was warm and wet and intensive cold events occurred during the periods of 8600 to 8400 cal a BP and 7400 to 7000 cal a BP. In the second half of Holocene, the climate became cold and dry gradually. The palaeoclimatic process during Holocene in Zige Tangco region matched well with that in Co Ngoin region which is ca 40 km to the south-east. Therefore this palaeoclimatic process represents the Holocene climatic feature in the Central Tibetan Plateau which has the same pattern in the Northern Tibetan Plateau, but the time and duration of some climatic events might be different. We can conclude that in Holocene solar insolation controlled the climatic pattern on the central Tibetan Plateau.