Lenzing Decides on Capacity Expansion Program

The Lenzing Group, world market leader in cellulose fibers, will continue to expand production capacity in 2010 by investing a scheduled EUR 120 million in its European and Asian sites.The projects will be realized over the next two years. The key elements are the

A CAPACITY EXPANSION PROBLEM WITH BUDGET CONSTRAINT AND BOTTLENECK LIMITATION

This paper considers a capacity expansion problem with budget constraint. Suppose each edge in the network has two attributes: capacity and the degree of difficulty. The difficulty degree of a tree T is the maximum. degree of difficulty of all edges in the tree and the cost for coping with the difficulty in a tree is a nondecreasing function about the difficulty degree of the tree. The authors need to increase capacities of some edges so that there is a spanning tree whose capacity can be increased to the maximum extent, meanwhile the total cost for increasing capacity as well as overcoming the difficulty in the spanning tree does not exceed a given budget D*. Suppose the cost for increasing capacity on each edge is a linear function about the increment of capacity, they transform this problem into solving some hybrid parametric spanning tree problems([1]) and propose a strongly polynomial algorithm.

Decision Making for Capacity Expansion of Water Supply Systems

This study developed a systematic decision-making process for water supply capacity expansion using the analytic hierarchy process. The decision-making criteria were categorized into environmental, economic, technical and socio-cultural aspects. Capacity expansion of three water resources (Kpong, Weija and Teshie plants) of Accra-Tema Metropolitan Area (Ghana) was studied as a test case. The research resulted in the environmental criterion with the highest priority weight (52.4%), followed by the economic (30.6%), technical (11.3%) and socio-cultural criteria (5.8%). The overall analysis ranked the Kpong plant with a score of 36.1% followed by the Weija and Teshie plants with scores 33.8% and 30.2%, respectively.

Studies on Capacity Expansion of Fuel Plants for Nuclear Research Reactors

The demand for nuclear fuel for research reactors is rising worldwide. Thus, the production facilities of this kind of fuel need reliable guidance on how to augment their production in order to meet the increasing demand efficiently and safely. We proposed a specific procedure for increasing production capacity. That procedure was tested with data from a real plant, which produces plate-type fuel elements loaded with LEU U3Si2-Al fuel. The test was made by means of discrete event simulation, and the results indicated the proposed procedure is efficient in raising production capacity.

Minimum Cost of Capacity Expansion for Time-Limited Transportation Problem On-Demand

The minimum cost of capacity expansion for time-limited transportation problem on-demand (MCCETLTPD) is to find such a practicable capacity expansion transportation scheme satisfying the time-limited T along with all origins’ supply and all destinations’ demands as well as the expanding cost is minimum. Actually, MCCETLTPD is a balance transportation problem and a variant problem of minimum cost maximum flow problem. In this paper, by creating a mathematical model and constructing a network with lower and upper arc capacities, MCCETLTPD is transformed into searching feasible flow in the constructed network, and consequently, an algorithm MCCETLTPD-A is developed as MCCETLTPD’s solution method basing minimum cost maximum flow algorithm. Computational study validates that the MCCETLTPD-A algorithm is an efficient approach to solving the MCCETLTPD.

Zero-Thermal Expansion and Heat Capacity of Zirconium Pyrovanadate Doped with Zirconia and Vanadium (V) Oxide

The dominant phase ZrV2O7 material, doped with zirconia and vanadium (V) oxide, was synthesized by solid state reaction and sol-gel methods. X-ray power diffraction patterns show that it is cubic structure. Thermal mechanic analysis measurements exhibit a zero-thermal expansion of this material above 150 degreesC. Meanwhile, the heat capacity dependent on temperature, determined by differential scanning calorimetry, keeps in constant almost in the same temperature range. The relationship between unusual thermal expansion and abnormal heat capacity is discussed with Gruneisen parameter.

Multicriteria Analysis of a Capacity Expansion Problem:Damaturu, Northeastern Nigeria as Case Study

Damaturu, the Yobe State Capital is one of the major towns in the semi-arid areas OfNortheastern Nigeria. It lacks adequate water supply. Being a State Capital, rapid improvements in itsinfrastructures including water supply to cope with increased demands are required. Three options forthe expansion of the present water supply system are been considered. These are Groundwater resourceswithin and around the existing system, and surface water schemes from two Dam sites identitied andappraised for this purpose. The Management of the Yobe State Water Board and the State Governmentare faced with the problem of which of these three options to choose. This is a typical capacity expansionproblem within a multicriterion setting in which the choice is to be bassed on economic, environmental,social as well as political considerstions. This paper presents a multicriterion analysis whose result willbe used in forming the basis of an informed decision to be made on why a particular option is to bechosen.

Experimental Investigation of the Cooling Capacity of Gaseous Carbon Dioxide in Free Jet Expansion for Use in Portable Air-Cooling Systems

This paper investigates the possibility of using the free expansion of gaseous CO2 in portable air-cooling systems. The cooling capacity of the gaseous CO2 free jet expansion was calculated using three different approaches and the results showed that the simplified calculations would give approximated cooling values with an 11.6% maximum error. The mass flow rate, upstream pressure and cooling capacity of the gaseous CO2 decreased with time. A maximum 48.5 watts of cooling was recorded at minute 4 and a minimum value of 10.4 watts at the end of the test. The drop in cooling capacity is due to the evaporation of the liquid CO2 inside the small cylinder which cools the two-phase CO2 mixture and causes a pressure drop (from 6 MPa to 2.97 MPa), which also affects the mass flow rate of gaseous CO2 exiting the orifice (from 0.56 g/s to 0.24 g/s). If this cooling technique is to be considered in portable compact-cooling systems, the mass, pressure and cooling capacity drop with time must be solved. One of the solutions could be to cover the cylinder with a heating coat to compensate for the heat absorbed by the evaporation of the liquid CO2.

Characterizing Property of States: Effect of Defects on the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion and the Specific Heat Capacity of ZrB₂

Thermal storage potential and thermal expansion are characteristic properties for extreme applications. ZrB2 is a candidate for advanced applications in aircraft and fusion reactors. This article presents density functional theory calculations of its states, microstructure and quasi-harmonic levels calculations of thermophysical properties. Band structure highlighted dynamical instability with metallic impurities in ZrB2 structure based on frequency modes. The observed projected density of states (PDOS) appropriate 4d orbital of Zr dominated at low frequency both in perfect crystal in the presence or absence of covalent impurities while B 2s and 2p orbitals dominate higher frequency states. Temperature dependency and anisotropy of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) were evaluated with various impurities. Various thermodynamic properties like entropy and free energy were explored for degrees of freedom resulting from internal energy changes in the material. Computed results for heat capacity and CTE were compared to available numerical and experimental data.

Numerical Simulation Investigation on Split Sleeve Cold Expansion of Ti-Al Stacked Structure

Split sleeve cold expansion(SSCX)can efiectively enhance fatigue life of holes by improving the field of residual stress.Numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the parameter influence mechanism and obtain higher compressive residual stress(CRS).Expansion method,degree of cold expansion(DCE),friction coefficient between laminations and depth-diameter ratio were analyzed.For Ti-Al stacked joint holes,two expansion methods are proposed,namely aluminum alloy first followed titanium alloy(Al first)and titanium alloy first followed aluminum alloy(Ti first).The results show that expansion method and DCE have significant efiects on the field of circumferential residual stress,and the friction has a negligible influence.A higher value of CRS and a wider layer of plastic deformation are induced with Ti first.Optimal DCE of TiAl stacked structure is 5.2%-5.6%.As the depth-diameter ratio is in the range of 0.5-1.25,a positive linear correlation between the maximum compressive residual stress(CRS_(max))and depth-diameter ratio is shown.

The Capacity Expansion Plan of Yulong Copper Approved

Yulong Copper Co.,Ltd.,affiliated to West Mining Group,received the Mining License of the P.R.C.issued by Ministry of Land and Resources on July 17,2018,which approved a new capacity of 19.89 million t/a.According to report。

基于多项式混沌展开的电力系统概率可用输电能力评估

大规模开发和利用风能有利于实现电力系统清洁低碳转型,是实现国家“碳达峰、碳中和”战略目标的重要技术手段,但风电出力的强不确定性对电力系统区域间可用输电能力(available transfer capability,ATC)评估带来了全新的挑战,传统用于求解计及风电出力不确定性的概率ATC评估模型在计算效率和计算精度方面均存在一定的不足。为此,该文提出一种基于多项式混沌展开(polynomialchaos expansion,PCE)的电力系统概率ATC评估方法,该方法首先构建基于机会约束的电力系统概率ATC评估模型;然后,根据风电出力预测误差的概率分布特征,选择对应的正交多项式为基函数以近似风电出力预测误差及电力网络中与之相关联的其他随机变量;进一步,借助Galerkin投影和基于一阶矩、二阶矩的机会约束转化方法,将所构建的机会约束模型的概率约束转化为确定性约束,实现基于机会约束的概率ATC评估模型向易于求解的确定性优化模型的转化;进而,将概率ATC评估模型的求解问题转化为ATC的最优多项式逼近系数的求解问题,根据求得的最优多项式逼近系数和选取的基函数计算电力系统ATC的概率分布特征;最后,通过修改后的PJM-5节点测试系统、IEEE-118节点测试系统及吉林西部电网实际算例验证了所提基于多项式混沌展开的电力系统概率ATC评估方法的准确性和有效性。

面向季节性短时高峰负荷的虚拟配电馈线功能架构及协同配置

传统线路增容方式面对季节性短时高峰负荷时存在线路整体利用率低、紧急功率支撑能力差等问题。因此,文中以功能虚拟化为核心,研究了传统配电馈线与储能元件融合的虚拟配电馈线功能架构,利用双端储能元件搭建虚拟电能传输通道,以应对季节性短时高峰负荷、延缓传统线路增容改造工程,并在非高峰时期提供紧急功率支撑和辅助服务功能,提高储能元件整体利用率。为充分挖掘虚拟配电馈线的灵活传输和紧急功率支撑潜力,提出了配电网线路增容优化配置模型,在保证经济性和满足高峰负荷需求的前提下,优化虚拟配电馈线储能配置。算例研究表明,虚拟配电馈线能够有效延缓传统线路增容改造工程、应对季节性短时高峰负荷;对于线路负荷增长较稳定、线路长度较长和设计延缓增容年限较短的配电区域,虚拟配电馈线的优势更加凸显。

Microscopic experiment on efficient construction of underground gas storages converted from water-invaded gas reservoirs

Based on the microfluidic technology,a microscopic visualization model was used to simulate the gas injection process in the initial construction stage and the bottom water invasion/gas injection process in the cyclical injection-production stage of the underground gas storage(UGS)rebuilt from water-invaded gas reservoirs.Through analysis of the gas-liquid contact stabilization mechanism,flow and occurrence,the optimal control method for lifecycle efficient operation of UGS was explored.The results show that in the initial construction stage of UGS,the action of gravity should be fully utilized by regulating the gas injection rate,so as to ensure the macroscopically stable migration of the gas-liquid contact,and greatly improve the gas sweeping capacity,providing a large pore space for gas storage in the subsequent cyclical injection-production stage.In the cyclical injection-production stage of UGS,a constant gas storage and production rate leads to a low pore space utilization.Gradually increasing the gas storage and production rate,that is,transitioning from small volume to large volume,can continuously break the hydraulic equilibrium of the remaining fluid in the porous media,which then expands the pore space and flow channels.This is conducive to the expansion of UGS capacity and efficiency for purpose of peak shaving and supply guarantee.

胀锁型锚索双向加固窄煤柱试验研究与工程应用

针对沿空掘巷窄煤柱非对称变形问题,提出了对穿锚索双向加固窄煤柱技术,设计了伸长型和胀锁型两种对穿锚索结构及工艺,开展了对穿锚索拉拔试验,试验表明两种锚索结构均满足抗拉要求,从锚索破坏形态、施工便捷性和材料经济性等方面对比分析,确定胀锁型对穿锚索为窄煤柱双向加固的首选。进一步通过相似模型试验与数值模拟研究了不同加固方式下煤柱承载变形规律和对穿锚索受力特征。结果表明:双排紧密型对穿锚索加固试件较未加固试件峰值荷载提高了96.04%,且随着锚索排数及数量的增加,窄煤柱双向加固稳定性越来越高,胀锁型对穿锚索提高了煤柱破坏前的能量储存量和临界破坏点。最后,在济宁三号煤矿123_(下)04工作面运输巷开展胀锁式对穿锚索加固窄煤柱工程试验,监测显示对穿锚索锚固力超过220 kN,锚索加固区煤柱帮鼓量降低70%,窄煤柱整体稳定性好,窄煤柱双向加固技术可行,为沿空掘巷工程提供了新技术途径。

水侵气藏型储气库全周期高效建设微观模拟实验

借助微观可视化模型与微流控技术,开展了水侵气藏型储气库初期建库阶段注气驱水及循环储采阶段采气底水上侵、储气排驱水体的模拟实验,分析气液界面稳定机制、气液渗流与赋存规律,探索储气库全周期高效运行的优化调控方式。研究表明:储气库初期建库阶段应调控注气速度,充分发挥重力作用保证气液界面宏观稳定运移,大幅度提高气体的波及能力,为储气库后续循环储采阶段提供更大的储气孔隙空间。储气库循环储采阶段,恒定的储采气速度导致孔隙空间利用率低,逐渐提高储采气速度,从“小吞小吐”逐渐过渡到“大吞大吐”,可以持续打破孔喉内流体的平衡受力状态,扩大储气孔隙空间与流动通道,有利于储气库扩容增效和调峰保供。

退役运动员职业转换力研究:概念维度构建、量表开发和实证检验

职业转换力是退役运动员顺畅实现职业转换的关键因素。通过文献资料法、行为事件访谈法等构建退役运动员职业转换力的理论概念维度,并结合质性研究结果开发测试量表,通过问卷调查法、数理统计法等量化研究方法进行交互检验。研究认为:(1)基于无边界职业生涯视角提出退役运动员职业转换力是指应对职业转换而采取行动、更好适应新职业的个体能力。(2)退役运动员职业转换力量表包含能力拓展、生涯管理、适应调节3个维度共16个题项,退役运动员职业转换力的二阶三因子测量模型拟合优度较好,具备较好的信度和效度,与其理论概念维度保持一致。(3)预测效应显示退役运动员职业转换力能显著提高就业质量,同时促使其表现出较高的职业满意度。

阳离子交换量对膨润土层间水化影响的试验研究

膨润土因其具有强烈的膨胀性、极低的渗透性通常被用作防渗以及缓冲材料。阳离子交换量是影响膨润土的微观结构一个重要参数,进而会改变膨润土的膨胀性能以及水力和扩散特性。通过将改性后的锂基膨润土加热到不同温度,制备了一系列阳离子交换量逐渐降低的减电荷膨润土。采用核磁共振技术和X射线衍射技术获得了减电荷膨润土在不同含水率下的孔隙水分分布特征以及层间距变化,分析了阳离子交换量对膨润土层间水化的影响机制。研究表明,随着阳离子交换量的减小,可膨胀层的数量减少,导致膨润土的液限降低。根据核磁共振获得的横向驰豫时间T_(2)分布曲线提出了一个确定可膨胀层比例的初步方法,该方法获得的结果与可交换阳离子降低的比例是非常接近的。

路基填土挤扩锚杆现场试验研究

以汕湛(汕头—湛江)高速公路揭博(揭西—博罗)段的水毁边坡应急抢险工程为依托,开展了路基填土挤扩锚杆现场试验,对比研究了普通锚杆、单盘挤扩锚杆和双盘挤扩锚杆结构力学特性。结果表明:普通锚杆其锚固段前3 m(自锚杆自由段与锚固段接触点起向锚固段延伸至3 m)承受的拉力占比为33.35%;单盘锚杆锚固段前3 m承受的拉力占比为56.65%,双盘锚杆锚固段前3 m承受的拉力占比为61.50‰;单盘锚杆实测极限抗拔承载力为普通锚杆的1.89倍,双盘锚杆为普通锚杆1.73倍;单盘锚杆、双盘锚杆与普通锚杆相比塑性位移占比较低,变形控制效果良好;单盘挤扩锚杆和双盘挤扩锚杆具有良好的工作特性,适合于承受较高荷载的工程应用。

有向网络中最大容量支撑树形图扩容问题

针对有向网络中最大容量支撑树形图扩容问题(EMCSA),由0-1背包问题出发归约出EMCSA问题的一个实例,从而证明EMCSA问题是NP-困难的,并且给出解决EMCSA问题的一个启发式算法。最后,考虑EMCSA问题的一种特殊情况:有向网络中最大容量支撑树形图的最少弧扩容问题(NEMCSA),采用权重差最小换弧方法设计时间复杂度为O(mn)的多项式时间算法。