Human Rights and Development:China's Contributions Based on a Larger Concept of Human Rights

The Western liberal view of global governance can no longer effectively address the challenges facing the world today or respond to the demands of developing countries in the fields of human rights and development.Meanwhile,the United Nations human rights and development agenda also has its limitations.Against such a backdrop,China's path of human rights development has avoided the trap of human rights confrontation and the clash of civilizations.It has set an example of complementarity and positive interaction between human rights and development by unifying collective human rights with individual human rights and integrating the universality and particularity of human rights.Xi Jinping,general secretary of the Communist Party of China(CPC)Central Committee,delivered a speech at the 37th group study session of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee on China's Path of Human Rights Development.This elevated China's human rights development to a new historical height.Practice has proved that China's concept and path of human rights in the new era have not only effectively promoted the development of its human rights cause,but also contributed Chinese wisdom to the global cause of human rights and development with a larger concept of human rights.Under the framework of the concept of building a community with a shared future for mankind,the Belt and Road Initiative,and the Global Development Initiative,China has contributed to enhancing the discourse power of developing countries in human rights and building a fairer,more just,more reasonable and more inclusive system for global human rights governance.

On the Theoretical System Development of Contemporary Chinese Outlook on Human Rights

Centering on the systematic construction of human rights theories,Xi Jinping’s discourses on respecting and protecting human rights creatively put forward a series of original theoretical viewpoints and academic propositions,profoundly revealing the basic connotation of a contemporary Chinese outlook on human rights and realizing all-around and deep-level innovation in the construction of a contemporary human rights theoretical system.In ontology,the four-in-one view of human rights of the political party,the govern-ment,society,and the people goes beyond the dichotomy between the political state and civil society.In element theory,the substantive view of human rights surpasses the formalist view of human rights.In category theory,the view of human rights focusing on the right to sub-sistence and the right to development transcends the view of human rights based on the individual’s right to freedom.In operation theory,the“development-based human rights path”goes beyond the“hu-man rights-based development path.”In practice,the positive view of human rights based on the rule of law surpasses the negative view of human rights based on the rule of law.

“One Core,Two Sources”:The Endogenous Logic of China’s Path to Develop Human Rights from the Perspective of“Two Integrations”

Abstract:The development of China’s human rights path is driv-en by both external and internal factors,influenced by general prin-ciples of human rights worldwide while also following China’s own endogenous logic.The concept of the“Two Integrations”reflects the continuous theoretical innovation of the Chinese Communist Party based on China’s national conditions,significantly illustrating the en-dogenous logic of China’s human rights path.Among these,the“basic principles of Marxism”occupy a“core”position within the endoge-nous logic of China’s human rights path,and to some extent,embody an understanding of the inherent laws of human rights.Meanwhile,“China’s specific realities”and“fine traditional Chinese culture”serve as the“living water sources”for the ongoing advancement of China’s human rights.The“Two Integrations”represent an intrinsic requirement of historical materialism and practical materialism.The logical structure of“One Core,Two Sources”explains the endogenous nature of China’s human rights path,offering both an interpretation of the driving forces behind China’s human rights path and a defense of its rationality.

Pioneering a New Realm of Human Rights Civilization in the Chinese Path to Modernization——An Overview of the Symposium on“The Chinese Path to Modernization and the Promotion of Free and Comprehensive Human Development”

On October 14,2023,a symposium themed“The Chinese Path to Modernization and the Promotion of Free and Comprehensive Human Development”was held in Changchun,Jilin Province,China.More than fifty experts,scholars,and researchers from national institutions and universities engaged in discussions and exchanges on human rights on the Chinese path to modernization,including the path,practice,knowledge systems,and civilization forms of human rights.This symposium played a significant role in advancing the construction of the disciplinary system,academic system,and discourse system of human rights in China.

The Impact of Nursing Staff’s Work Attitude on the Fear of Patients Recovering from Benign Tumors:Family Support as a Mediating Variable

The perception of nursing staff’s attitude influences patient fear.Understanding this dynamic is crucial for fostering a supportive environment conducive to patient well-being and effective healthcare practices.The purpose of this research is to investigate how the attitudes and behaviours of nursing staff influence the fear and anxiety levels of patients recovering from benign tumors,aiming to improve patient care and recovery outcomes.Data was collected from a sample of 100 participants,comprising 20 nursing staff and 80 patients recovering from benign tumors.Surveys were administered to gather quantitative data on attitudes and fear levels.Participants were selected randomly from hospital records and outpatient clinics.Our analysis encompassed nursing staff attitude,patient fear levels,the influence of family support,progression of tumor recovery,patient-reported satisfaction,and the quality of healthcare services provided.The quantitative aspect utilized PLS-SEM software to perform regression analysis,evaluating both direct and indirect effects.Statistical analysis assessed the relationships between nursing staff attitudes,patient fear during benign tumor recovery,and the mediating role of family support.The findings of the study demonstrate that better nurse attitudes(Hypothesis 1,β=0.45,p<0.001)and stronger family support(Hypothesis 2,β=0.32;p<0.001) are linked to lower levels of patient fear.Partially mediating the relationship between nurse attitudes and patient fear,according to Hypothesis 3(β=0.28,p<0.002),is family support.Patients’perceptions of family support are highly influenced by nursing behaviour,as demonstrated by Hypothesis 4(β=0.38;p<0.001).Our research showed a strong relationship between the attitudes of nursing personnel and patient fear levels.Family support demonstrated a strong mediating effect on patient fear.Patient-reported satisfaction is positively correlated with family support.However,no significant relationship was found between healthcare service quality and patient fear.

China-US High-Tech Competition,Trade Conflict and Development Rights

The power and interest of industrial manufacturers are determined by their status in the relations of production.At the international level,countries see their economic and political status rise only when they climb the ladder in the international division of labor.As the primary production forces,science and technology are the main drivers behind such change.As new technologies give rise to new industries and restructure the international division of labor,developed countries strive to enhance the protection of their intellectual property rights(IPR)and safeguard their monopoly over core technologies.For developed countries,technological prowess holds the key to their supremacy in the global supply chain and international relations.The 19 th CPC National Congress makes clear the overarching goal in the new era is to rejuvenate the Chinese nation and turn China into a strong modern country.As an important material condition for achieving this goal,China must transition from being medium-and low-end links in the international division of labor to becoming high-end links.In this process,China will encounter backlash from developed countries that lead in the international division of labor.The recent China-US tussle over trade in high-tech goods is a case in point,and should be viewed through the lens of the relations of production and the international division of labor.The insights thus achieved will be of great significance to China’s future development.

Xi Jinping's Congratulatory Letter to the 2015 Beijing Forum on Human Rights

On the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression as well as the World Anti-Fascist War,the Beijing Forum on Human Rights this year is themed with"Peace and Development:Victory of World Anti-Fascist War and Human Rights Advancement,"which helps all parties deeply reflect on the

Upholding Integrity and Innovation to Promote Human Rights Development——Review of the Symposium on the 20th Anniversary of the Publication of Human Rights magazine

Human Rights magazine and the Center for Human Rights Studies of Renmin University of China held the Symposium on the 20thAnniversary of the Publication of Human Rights magazine on May 18, 2022. More than 30 experts and scholars from various universities and academic journals gathered online to discuss such topics as “an in-depth learning of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important speeches on respecting and protecting human rights”, “review and prospect of the 20^(th)anniversary of the publication of Human Rights magazine”, and “the role of the academic journal platform on promoting the development of china’s human rights theories”. They studied Xi Jinping’s important speeches on China’s path of human rights, probed into the original concept of China’s human rights, and developed the discipline system, academic system, and discourse system of China’s human rights, providing insights for such academic journals as Human Rights to boost China’s human rights in theory and practice.

Promoting Development and Innovation of China’s Human Rights Theory

This year marks the 90th anniversary of the found- ing of the Communist Party of China （CPC）. As Party General Secretary Hu Jintao said, for the past 90 years, under the leadership of the CPC, the Chinese people have accomplished the three missions of New Democratic Revolution, the Socialist Revolution and reform and opening-up. During the process, the Party and the people have opened a new path of socialism with Chinese characteristics, formed the theory of socialism with Chinese characteristics, as well as established a system of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

Progress in China’s Human Rights in 2009

The Information Office of the State Council, or China＇s Cabinet, issued a white paper on Progress in China＇s Human Rights in 2009 on Sept. 26, 2010. Following is the full text filed by Xinhua News Agency：

China's Human Rights Construction Centers on People's Livelihood

1. Concept of People＇s Livelihood in Traditional Chinese Culture The concept of human rights was borrowed from the West. In order to have it become rooted in China, people needed to find traces in Chinese culture on which the human rights theoretical system could be based and the Chinese human rights idea could be realized.

Progress in China's Human Rights in 2012

Foreword Since the arrival of the 21st cen- tury, the Chinese people have been making constant efforts in advanc- ing human rights protection along the path of building socialism with Chinese characteristics under the leadership of the Communist Party of China （CPC） and the Chinese gov- ernment.

Five Years of Breakthrough in China's Human Rights Cause

In his report to the 17th Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary Hu Jintao noted that the five years since the previous CPC National Congress havewitnessed important progresses in China＇s reform and opening-up undertakings and in the national endeavor to build a society of relative prosperity in all respects. These five years, he said, has also seen a ＂sound development of （China＇s） human rights cause.＂ For the first time in its history, the CPC reviewed the development of the human rights cause as an important part of national development.

Rights-based Approach to Journalism in Turkey

Rights-based approach to journalism aims to enable media to pursue the violations of rights by reporting them as news and, in this way, to preserve and ameliorate the rights as well as to contribute democratization. Rights-based approach to journalism in Turkey is a pretty new field of study for the researchers who study media. The examples of rights-based journalism appeared further especially in European Union membership process. Thus, the news that are sensitive to rights have found a broader place in media. In the process of E.U. membership, Turkey was required to carry out some regulations that target the betterment of human rights, women＇s rights, children＇s rights and minority rights. Making news from a rights-based perspective is an action for the announcement of people＇s struggle for their rights to the public with the aim of preventing the violations of rights.

Development of China's Public Health as an Essential Element of Human Rights

September 2017 Contents Preface Ensuring People’s Right to Health Based on China’s Conditions Continuous Improvement of Health Environment and Conditions Public Health Service Capability Improving Steadily Great Improvement in the Quality of Medical and Health Services Improvement of the National Medical Security System

Protection of Women's Rights Means Human Rights Protection——Marking the 30th anniversary of the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

On December 18, 1979, the 34th General Assembly of the United Nations adopted the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women with an overwhelming majority of the votes in its favor. Over the past 30 years, the Convention has come to be known by increasing numbers of governments and people, particularly women＇s organizations. It has played an increasingly great role in protecting women＇s rights and enhancing women＇s status in society.

Conceptions of Childhood and the Educational Rights of the Child

Formulations of children＇s rights rest on assumptions about the nature of childhood yet conceptions of childhood are not stable across time and space. Such conceptions can be understood as placing different emphases among three different factors： the child as subservient to parents and ancestors （Child 1）, as a young person requiring special protection and having characteristics distinct from adults （Child 2） and as a novice （Child 3）. Different social arrangements place relatively different emphases on these three factors in their overall conceptions of childhood. Adopting the distinction between Will and Interest rights （Archard 2002）, the paper considers how an emphasis on Child 1, 2 or 3 presupposes and demands a distinctive consideration of children＇s rights. The argument concludes with a reflection on how children＇s rights might be construed if the nature of adulthood is problematised alongside that of childhood. In this case, capabilities （as means to enable functionings） may prove a more fruitful concept than rights （as actual or possible existential conditions）.

Letter from Li Peng Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, To China Society for Human Rights Studies

China Society for Human Rights Studies, I would like to extend my warm greetings to the launch of your Human Rights magazine. Enjoying human rights fully is a lofty goal long pursued after by human race. Over the years when they carried out revolution, construction and reforms, the Chinese people have struggled indomitably and strived incessantly to achieve this goal. Progress made in this regard has caught worldwide attention. When struggling for, safeguarding, promoting and developing human rights, the Chinese people have always combined the universality prin-

Constructing China’s Human Rights Science:Cause,Cognition,and Paradigm

“China’s Human Rights Science”is undoubtedly a brand-new concept.Just as China has its own philosophy,literature,history,law,political science,and sociology,it should also have its own human rights science.China’s Human Rights Science refers to the cognitive science of human rights in China.Developing its disciplinary system,academic system,and discourse system,and constructing an independent Chinese human rights knowledge system,are essential requirements for promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation through Chinese modernization and creating a new form of human civilization.China’s Human Rights Science originated in China,grew in China,and deepened through China’s human rights practices.China’s Human Rights Science adhere to the universality of human rights principles and possess distinctive characteristics.It works as the knowledge-based organization,academic refinement,and theoretical expression of the path of human rights development that conforms to the trend of the times and suits China’s national conditions,as pursued by the Communist Party of China in leading the people.China’s Human Rights Science can enrich and develop the theory of human rights civilization,and should become a global public product of human rights.