Leon Trotsky's contribution to the Marxist position in philosophy and his role in the Russian Revolution of October 1917 had been politically maneuvered,tampered with,fabricated and covered by a muck heap of Stali...Leon Trotsky's contribution to the Marxist position in philosophy and his role in the Russian Revolution of October 1917 had been politically maneuvered,tampered with,fabricated and covered by a muck heap of Stalinist slander.By Stalinism,I am referring to the narrative which was born from the bureaucratic degeneration of the Soviet Union,after the failure of working class to consolidate and capture state power in Hungary,Germany,Italy and other western countries which was materially in an advanced position than early 20th Century Russia.It was also the political ideology which was born as a result of civil far,famine,pandemic and the invasion of the newly formed Russian worker's state by more than fifteen foreign countries with colonial objectives.Trotsky's role in creating the Red Army,which was a different to that of a standing army and supporters of Trotsky in the Left Opposition were not only vilified and charged with false accusations but violently purged.In this paper I have highlighted how Stalinism marked a revolution against the revolution of 1917 and how Trotsky continuously struggled against the bureaucratic despotism over the working class in post 1917 Russia.展开更多
This paper aims at offering an analysis of the attempts of Russian empire before, and the Soviet empire later, until to now, to exert its influence in the Mediterranean area. Drawing also from Russian archival sources...This paper aims at offering an analysis of the attempts of Russian empire before, and the Soviet empire later, until to now, to exert its influence in the Mediterranean area. Drawing also from Russian archival sources, the relations between the Soviet Union and Russia, on one side, and some countries in the Mediterranean or Adriatic areas, like former Yugoslavia or Syria, will be examined. Part of the historiography, firstly Soviet and then Russian, continued to maintain a theory, according to which Stalin’s foreign policy choices were made as a sheer reaction to English and American challenges in the region which goes from the Adriatic to the Persian Gulf. According to others, Stalin’s foreign policy was formed during and immediately after World War II and was dictated by Stalin’s personal ambitions, reinforced by the victory over Nazi Germany. However, the documents consulted until now allow for a new approach and a new evaluation of the events. The picture that emerges from an analysis of the new documentation is more complex than what could have been imagined. The clarification of the objectives and actions to be undertaken in various European countries, where communist regimes were intended to be established, was dictated by pragmatic considerations and by the development of the situation in the various countries under the Soviet influence. In addition, the USSR indirectly aimed at influencing foreign as well as internal policy in countries, such as Italy, which did not belong to the Soviet sphere.展开更多
This article explores the insights of the Italian Marxist philosopher Domenico Losurdo on Stalin,with a focus on his controversial work:Stalin:History and Cri-tique of a Black Legend.Losurdo sheds light on the metamor...This article explores the insights of the Italian Marxist philosopher Domenico Losurdo on Stalin,with a focus on his controversial work:Stalin:History and Cri-tique of a Black Legend.Losurdo sheds light on the metamorphosis of Stalin's image from a revered leader into a human monster”and challenges the equation of Stalin with Hitler(the“twin monsters theory”).He advocates for a balanced perspective that refutes the veneration-demonisation dichotomy and offers original criticism on various facets of the“black legend”:Stalin's alleged self-cult of personality;the common juxtaposition of Soviet Gulags with Nazi camps;and accusations of geno-cide against Ukrainians(known as the Holodomor)and antisemitism.The article also highlights Losurdo's methodology,consisting of a comprehensive comparative approach that calls into question the liberal tradition to reveal parallels between its darker aspects and Nazism.Losurdo demonstrates how the twin monsters theory eventually serves to bolster liberalism's claim of moral superiority.Moreover,his work extends beyond Stalin to provide a wider assessment and criticism of most of the contemporary historiography's themes and approaches,revealing how history is often manipulated for political reasons.展开更多
文摘Leon Trotsky's contribution to the Marxist position in philosophy and his role in the Russian Revolution of October 1917 had been politically maneuvered,tampered with,fabricated and covered by a muck heap of Stalinist slander.By Stalinism,I am referring to the narrative which was born from the bureaucratic degeneration of the Soviet Union,after the failure of working class to consolidate and capture state power in Hungary,Germany,Italy and other western countries which was materially in an advanced position than early 20th Century Russia.It was also the political ideology which was born as a result of civil far,famine,pandemic and the invasion of the newly formed Russian worker's state by more than fifteen foreign countries with colonial objectives.Trotsky's role in creating the Red Army,which was a different to that of a standing army and supporters of Trotsky in the Left Opposition were not only vilified and charged with false accusations but violently purged.In this paper I have highlighted how Stalinism marked a revolution against the revolution of 1917 and how Trotsky continuously struggled against the bureaucratic despotism over the working class in post 1917 Russia.
文摘This paper aims at offering an analysis of the attempts of Russian empire before, and the Soviet empire later, until to now, to exert its influence in the Mediterranean area. Drawing also from Russian archival sources, the relations between the Soviet Union and Russia, on one side, and some countries in the Mediterranean or Adriatic areas, like former Yugoslavia or Syria, will be examined. Part of the historiography, firstly Soviet and then Russian, continued to maintain a theory, according to which Stalin’s foreign policy choices were made as a sheer reaction to English and American challenges in the region which goes from the Adriatic to the Persian Gulf. According to others, Stalin’s foreign policy was formed during and immediately after World War II and was dictated by Stalin’s personal ambitions, reinforced by the victory over Nazi Germany. However, the documents consulted until now allow for a new approach and a new evaluation of the events. The picture that emerges from an analysis of the new documentation is more complex than what could have been imagined. The clarification of the objectives and actions to be undertaken in various European countries, where communist regimes were intended to be established, was dictated by pragmatic considerations and by the development of the situation in the various countries under the Soviet influence. In addition, the USSR indirectly aimed at influencing foreign as well as internal policy in countries, such as Italy, which did not belong to the Soviet sphere.
文摘This article explores the insights of the Italian Marxist philosopher Domenico Losurdo on Stalin,with a focus on his controversial work:Stalin:History and Cri-tique of a Black Legend.Losurdo sheds light on the metamorphosis of Stalin's image from a revered leader into a human monster”and challenges the equation of Stalin with Hitler(the“twin monsters theory”).He advocates for a balanced perspective that refutes the veneration-demonisation dichotomy and offers original criticism on various facets of the“black legend”:Stalin's alleged self-cult of personality;the common juxtaposition of Soviet Gulags with Nazi camps;and accusations of geno-cide against Ukrainians(known as the Holodomor)and antisemitism.The article also highlights Losurdo's methodology,consisting of a comprehensive comparative approach that calls into question the liberal tradition to reveal parallels between its darker aspects and Nazism.Losurdo demonstrates how the twin monsters theory eventually serves to bolster liberalism's claim of moral superiority.Moreover,his work extends beyond Stalin to provide a wider assessment and criticism of most of the contemporary historiography's themes and approaches,revealing how history is often manipulated for political reasons.
