Improving the Effectiveness of Image Classification Structural Methods by Compressing the Description According to the Information Content Criterion

The research aims to improve the performance of image recognition methods based on a description in the form of a set of keypoint descriptors.The main focus is on increasing the speed of establishing the relevance of object and etalon descriptions while maintaining the required level of classification efficiency.The class to be recognized is represented by an infinite set of images obtained from the etalon by applying arbitrary geometric transformations.It is proposed to reduce the descriptions for the etalon database by selecting the most significant descriptor components according to the information content criterion.The informativeness of an etalon descriptor is estimated by the difference of the closest distances to its own and other descriptions.The developed method determines the relevance of the full description of the recognized object with the reduced description of the etalons.Several practical models of the classifier with different options for establishing the correspondence between object descriptors and etalons are considered.The results of the experimental modeling of the proposed methods for a database including images of museum jewelry are presented.The test sample is formed as a set of images from the etalon database and out of the database with the application of geometric transformations of scale and rotation in the field of view.The practical problems of determining the threshold for the number of votes,based on which a classification decision is made,have been researched.Modeling has revealed the practical possibility of tenfold reducing descriptions with full preservation of classification accuracy.Reducing the descriptions by twenty times in the experiment leads to slightly decreased accuracy.The speed of the analysis increases in proportion to the degree of reduction.The use of reduction by the informativeness criterion confirmed the possibility of obtaining the most significant subset of features for classification,which guarantees a decent level of accuracy.

Method for detector description conversion from DD4hep to Filmbox

DD4hep serves as a generic detector description toolkit recommended for offline software development in next-generation high-energy physics(HEP)experiments.Conversely,Filmbox(FBX)stands out as a widely used 3D modeling file format within the 3D software industry.In this paper,we introduce a novel method that can automatically convert complex HEP detector geometries from DD4hep description into 3D models in the FBX format.The feasibility of this method was dem-onstrated by its application to the DD4hep description of the Compact Linear Collider detector and several sub-detectors of the super Tau-Charm facility and circular electron-positron collider experiments.The automatic DD4hep–FBX detector conversion interface provides convenience for further development of applications,such as detector design,simulation,visualization,data monitoring,and outreach,in HEP experiments.

Enhancing Image Description Generation through Deep Reinforcement Learning:Fusing Multiple Visual Features and Reward Mechanisms

Image description task is the intersection of computer vision and natural language processing,and it has important prospects,including helping computers understand images and obtaining information for the visually impaired.This study presents an innovative approach employing deep reinforcement learning to enhance the accuracy of natural language descriptions of images.Our method focuses on refining the reward function in deep reinforcement learning,facilitating the generation of precise descriptions by aligning visual and textual features more closely.Our approach comprises three key architectures.Firstly,it utilizes Residual Network 101(ResNet-101)and Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network(Faster R-CNN)to extract average and local image features,respectively,followed by the implementation of a dual attention mechanism for intricate feature fusion.Secondly,the Transformer model is engaged to derive contextual semantic features from textual data.Finally,the generation of descriptive text is executed through a two-layer long short-term memory network(LSTM),directed by the value and reward functions.Compared with the image description method that relies on deep learning,the score of Bilingual Evaluation Understudy(BLEU-1)is 0.762,which is 1.6%higher,and the score of BLEU-4 is 0.299.Consensus-based Image Description Evaluation(CIDEr)scored 0.998,Recall-Oriented Understudy for Gisting Evaluation(ROUGE)scored 0.552,the latter improved by 0.36%.These results not only attest to the viability of our approach but also highlight its superiority in the realm of image description.Future research can explore the integration of our method with other artificial intelligence(AI)domains,such as emotional AI,to create more nuanced and context-aware systems.

Enhancing constitutive description and workability characterization of Mg alloy during hot deformation using machine learning-based Arrhenius-type model

Hot deformation is a commonly employed processing technique to enhance the ductility and workability of Mg alloy.However,the hot deformation of Mg alloy is highly sensitive to factors such as temperature,strain rate,and strain,leading to complex flow behavior and an exceptionally narrow processing window for Mg alloy.To overcome the shortcomings of the conventional Arrhenius-type(AT)model,this study developed machine learning-based Arrhenius-type(ML-AT)models by combining the genetic algorithm(GA),particle swarm optimization(PSO),and artificial neural network(ANN).Results indicated that when describing the flow behavior of the AQ80 alloy,the PSO-ANN-AT model demonstrates the most prominent prediction accuracy and generalization ability among all ML-AT and AT models.Moreover,an activation energy-processing(AEP)map was established using the reconstructed flow stress and activation energy fields based on the PSO-ANN-AT model.Experimental validations revealed that this AEP map exhibits superior predictive capability for microstructure evolution compared to the one established by the traditional interpolation methods,ultimately contributing to the precise determination of the optimum processing window.These findings provide fresh insights into the accurate constitutive description and workability characterization of Mg alloy during hot deformation.

Enhancing Cross-Lingual Image Description: A Multimodal Approach for Semantic Relevance and Stylistic Alignment

Cross-lingual image description,the task of generating image captions in a target language from images and descriptions in a source language,is addressed in this study through a novel approach that combines neural network models and semantic matching techniques.Experiments conducted on the Flickr8k and AraImg2k benchmark datasets,featuring images and descriptions in English and Arabic,showcase remarkable performance improvements over state-of-the-art methods.Our model,equipped with the Image&Cross-Language Semantic Matching module and the Target Language Domain Evaluation module,significantly enhances the semantic relevance of generated image descriptions.For English-to-Arabic and Arabic-to-English cross-language image descriptions,our approach achieves a CIDEr score for English and Arabic of 87.9%and 81.7%,respectively,emphasizing the substantial contributions of our methodology.Comparative analyses with previous works further affirm the superior performance of our approach,and visual results underscore that our model generates image captions that are both semantically accurate and stylistically consistent with the target language.In summary,this study advances the field of cross-lingual image description,offering an effective solution for generating image captions across languages,with the potential to impact multilingual communication and accessibility.Future research directions include expanding to more languages and incorporating diverse visual and textual data sources.

Unified Description of the Three Stable Particles in Self-Action Allows Determination of Their Relative Masses

The Dirac equation γμ(δμ-eAμ)Ψ=mc2Ψ describes the bound states of the electron under the action of external potentials, Aμ. We assumed that the fundamental form of the Dirac equation γμ(δμ-Sμ)Ψ=0 should describe the stable particles (the electron, the proton and the dark-matter-particle (dmp)) bound to themselves under the action of their own potentials Sμ. The new equation reveals that self energy is consequence of self action, it also reveals that the spin angular momentum is consequence of the dynamic structure of the stable particles. The quantitative results are the determination of their relative masses as well as the determination of the electromagnetic coupling constant.

Description logics for fuzzy ontologies on semantic web

To enable representation and reasoning for fuzzy ontologies with expressive fuzzy knowledge on the semantic web, a new fuzzy extension of description logics called the fuzzy description logics with comparison expressions （FCDLs） is presented. The syntax and semantics of FCDLs are formally defined, and the forms of axioms and assertions in FCDLs knowledge bases are specified. FCDLs combine both fuzzy concepts from the fuzzy description logics （FDLs） and cut concepts from the extended fuzzy description logics （EFDLs） in the same theory. Furthermore, cut concepts are extended into comparison cut concepts in FCDLs to represent comparison expressions between fuzzy membership degrees, which are often used in practice but not supported by the other fuzzy extensions of description logics. FCDLs have more expressive power than FDLs and EFDLs, and are able to represent expressive fuzzy knowledge and to perform reasoning tasks based on them. Therefore, FCDLs can enable representation and reasoning for fuzzy ontologies with expressive fuzzy knowledge on the semantic web.

Clustering analysis algorithm for security supervising data based on semantic description in coal mines

In order to mine production and security information from security supervising data and to ensure security and safety involved in production and decision-making,a clustering analysis algorithm for security supervising data based on a semantic description in coal mines is studied.First,the semantic and numerical-based hybrid description method of security supervising data in coal mines is described.Secondly,the similarity measurement method of semantic and numerical data are separately given and a weight-based hybrid similarity measurement method for the security supervising data based on a semantic description in coal mines is presented.Thirdly,taking the hybrid similarity measurement method as the distance criteria and using a grid methodology for reference,an improved CURE clustering algorithm based on the grid is presented.Finally,the simulation results of a security supervising data set in coal mines validate the efficiency of the algorithm.

Last-instar Larval Descriptions of Three Species of Pyraustinae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) from Korea

The last-stage larval external morphologies of Pleuroptya rulalis （Scopoli）, Pleuroptya harutai （Inoue） and Botyodes diniasalis （Walker） of Pyraustinae are described and illustrated. All specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection of Department of Forest Resources Protection, Kangwon National University, Korea.

Description of the Female of Sinodorcadion punctulatum Gressitt (Coleoptera:Cerambycidae:Lamiinae)

The female of Sinodorcadion punctulatum is reported for the first time, and the photographs of adult are presented.

Description of Natural Enemies of Pasture Pest-Carabdae Insects

The investigation result of grassland predators Carabidae in southwest of Guizhou was reported. Taxonomic status, morphological characteristics of 5 genera and 13 species of insect predators were described, their living habits and incidence were outlined.

Fuzzy description logic based on vague sets

To enable the representation and reasoning for fuzzy ontologies with expressive fuzzy knowledge on the semantic web, a new fuzzy extension of description logics called vague ALC which is based on vague sets is presented. The definition of vague set is introduced and then the syntax and semantics of vague ALC are formally defined. The forms of axioms and assertions in the vague ALC knowledge bases are specified. Finally, the tableau algorithm is developed for the reasoning in the vague ALC. The vague ALC based on vague set uses two degrees of membership instead of a single membership degree in the fuzzy sets and is more accurate in representing the imprecision in the degrees of membership. The vague ALC has more expressive power than ALC and can represent fuzzy knowledge and perform reasoning tasks based on them. Therefore, the vague ALC can enable the representation and reasoning for fuzzy ontologies with expressive fuzzy knowledge on the semantic web.

Reasoning complexity for extended fuzzy description logic with qualifying number restriction

To solve the extended fuzzy description logic with qualifying number restriction （EFALCQ） reasoning problems, EFALCQ is discretely simulated by description logic with qualifying number restriction （ALCQ）, and ALCQ reasoning results are reused to prove the complexity of EFALCQ reasoning problems. The ALCQ simulation method for the consistency of EFALCQ is proposed. This method reduces EFALCQ satisfiability into EFALCQ consistency, and uses EFALCQ satisfiability to discretely simulate EFALCQ satdomain. It is proved that the reasoning complexity for EFALCQ satisfiability, consistency and sat-domain is PSPACE-complete.

Mathematical Description of the Arming Process of a Fuze Safety System

By determining the state variables of a fuze safety system,some mathematical models——the system of ordinary differential and functional differential equations about the system's arming process are founded in a state space.Also,the arming states and restricted relations of the safety factors are described and some demonstrations are presented.

Description of Larvae of Three Pyraustini Species(Lepidoptera:Crambidae:Pyraustinae) Injurious to Bamboo in China

Bamboo,is very important for its value and rapid growth,is mostly cultivated in China.Pyraustinae are severely injurious to bamboo.The external morphology of the last-instar larvae of Algedonis coclesalis（Walker）,Crocidophora evenoralis Walker and Demoboly pervulglis Hampson（all Pyraustini injurious to bamboo） are described and illustrated.Biological information for these larvae is provided.

Dynamic hierarchy description and constraint rules of flexibility workflow

A dynamic hierarchical description method for workflow is presented. The method provides a dynamic hierarchical way to define a workflow with non-determinate or dynamic factors. With this method, the main process defined at build-time can be reified and extended by the principle of the sub-organizations at either the build-time or the run-time. To ensure the consistency and integrity of the description, a series of constraint rules are also discussed to realize seamless integration between a decomposed process and its original one. This approach supports the description of unpredictable uncertainties, the dynamic hierarchy of business process, and the dynamic modification of enterprise organizations, and all of these improve the flexibility and extendability of workflow management systems dramatically.

On the Description of Nature in Jane Eyre

For the novel Jane Eyre, people appreciate it with different reasons. The author employs stylistic approaches to illustrate her own reasons why she enjoys it by analyzing its unique, realistic yet emotional and symbolic description of nature alone.

Quantitative description of characteristics of high-capacity channels in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs using in situ production data

Quantitative description of the high-capacity channels in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs, into which water was injected to improve oil recovery, is a hot topic in the field of reservoir development. This paper presents a novel approach to describing quantitatively the characteristics of connected macropores in unconsolidated sandstone reservoirs using in situ production data. Based on physical simulation for formation mechanisms of high capacity channels and interwell tracer test data, a mathematical model was established to describe high-capacity channels by grey correlation theory, flow mechanism of fluid in porous media and reservoir engineering, and a program was developed to describe quantitatively the channel characteristics. The predicted results were consistent with field monitoring data （80%）, so this model could be economically and effectively used to identify high-capacity channels.

Adansonia digitata L.(baobab):a review of traditional information and taxonomic description

Adansonia digitata L.(Malvaceae) is commonly known as baobab tree native to Africa.Baobab is a multi-purpose tree which offers protection and provides food,clothing and medicine as well as raw material for many useful items.The fruit pulp,seeds,leaves,flowers.roots,and bark of baobab are edible and they have been studied by scientists for their useful properties.The fruit pulp have very high vitamin C.calcium,phosphorus,carbohydrates,fibers,potassium,proteins and lipids content,which can be used in seasoning as an appetizer and also make juices.Seeds contain appreciable quantities of phosphorus,magnesium,zinc,sodium,iron,manganese,whereas they have high levels of lysine,thiamine,calcium and iron.Baobab has numerous biological properties including antimicrobial,anti-malarial,diarrhoea,anaemia,asthma,antiviral,anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities amongst others.Phytochemical investigation revealed the presence of flavonoids.phytosterols.amino acids,fatty acids,vitamins and minerals.The review summarizes the information on various aspects of traditional information,taxonomic description,medicinal properties and importantly nutritional value.

The Analysis of the Psychological Description in The Scarlet Letter

The Scarlet Letter is the masterpiece of Nathaniel Hawthorne who was a great American novelist. After being , the book brought a variety of dispute. Although many great critics had their authoritative comments on the work, the author of this paper focused on the psycho-logical description in The Scarlet Letter.This paper focus on the analysis of the psychological description of the characters in The Scarlet Letter. This paper is divided into two parts-- The first part is " Personality of the main characters", which depicts the different personality of the characters. The second part is" Wonderful Psychological Description ". The psychology description of characters connected with the portrayal of scenes, the development of plot and the foil of nature surroundings to explore the secret in characters'complicated and contradictory interior world. This kind of psychological description didn't only makes the disposition of the characters distinctive but also works a lot in the development of plot and intensification of the theme. Although Hawthorne took good use of psychological description, he had one shortcoming--to make characters seem negative when the author made psychological depiction lifelikely, which, to some extent, destroyed the brilliant images of characters and weaken the ideoligical meanings. Generally speaking, it is a good literature work for people to study old literature and create today's literature.