Standard cell placement algorithms have been at the forefront of academic research concerning the physical design stages of VLSI design flows. The penultimate step of a standard cell placement procedure is legalizatio...Standard cell placement algorithms have been at the forefront of academic research concerning the physical design stages of VLSI design flows. The penultimate step of a standard cell placement procedure is legalization. In this step the manufacturability of the design is directly settled, and the quality of the solution, in terms of wirelength, congestion, timing and power consumption is indirectly defined. Since the heavy lifting regarding processing is performed by global placers, fast legalization solutions are protruded in state-of-the-art design flows. In this paper we propose and evaluate a legalization scheme that surpasses in execution speed two of the most widely used legalizers, without not only corrupting the quality of the final solution in terms of interconnection wirelength but improving it in the process.展开更多
This paper introduces a novel standard-cell flash architecture for implementing analog-to-digital converters (ADC). The proposed ADC consists of several CMOS inverters all having their inputs connected to a common inp...This paper introduces a novel standard-cell flash architecture for implementing analog-to-digital converters (ADC). The proposed ADC consists of several CMOS inverters all having their inputs connected to a common input node. The out-put of the ADC is a thermometer code generated by the inverter outputs. Depending on the relationship between the input signal and a given inverter’s threshold voltage, the output will either be ‘0’ or ‘1’. By having many inverters with different threshold voltages, it is possible to create a 3-bit flash ADC. Even though the system is inherently non-linear, mathematical optimization has been done in order to improve its linearity. The proposed circuit dissipates 6.7 mW and uses in total 672 transistors of PMOS and NMOS types. This ADC is designed and simulated using TSMC’s 0.18 μm CMOS and results show that the proposed circuit works as expected even in presence of process variations.展开更多
China’s first general standard for stem cells officially released on November 22,2017 is expected to lay a foundation for regulating the application of stem cells technology.Stem cells are a group of self-renewal cel...China’s first general standard for stem cells officially released on November 22,2017 is expected to lay a foundation for regulating the application of stem cells technology.Stem cells are a group of self-renewal cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.They are now used for the treatment of many diseases.Despite a series of documents for regulating basic research and achievement transformation of stem cells,the clinical application and industrialization still face great challenges due to展开更多
Objective： Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma （DLBCL） is a heterogeneous disease. The prognostic factor currently used is not accurate enough to predict the outcomes of patients with DLBCL. The prognostic significance o...Objective： Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma （DLBCL） is a heterogeneous disease. The prognostic factor currently used is not accurate enough to predict the outcomes of patients with DLBCL. The prognostic significance of interim PET/CT in DLBCL remains controversial. The aim of this study is to determine the predictive value of interim 18F-FDG PET/CT after first-line treatment in patients with DLBCL. Methods： Thirty-two patients with DLBCL underwent baseline, interim and post-treatment lSF-FDG PET/CT scans. Imaging results were analyzed for the survival of patients via software SPSS 13.0, retrospectively. Results： Thirty-one of the 32 patients were treated with R-CHOP regimen, and interim 18F-FDG PET/CT of 24 patients was performed after 2 cycles of treatment. After a median follow-up period of 16.7 months, the 2-year progression-free survival （PFS） rates were significantly different between the groups above and below SUVmax CUt-Off value of 2.5 （P=0.039）. No significant differences were found in the 2-year PFS rates if SUVm, cut-offvalues were set as 2.0 and 3.0, respectively （P=0.360; P=0.113）. Conclusions： Interim PET/CT could predict the prognosis of DLBCL patients with the SUVmax cut-off value of 2.5, but more clinical data should be concluded to confirm this conclusion.展开更多
To detect the prognostic significance of interim F-FDG PET/CT SUV(standard uptake value) reduction(△SUV_(max)) associated with Ki67 in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma(DLBCL).47 DLBCL patients underwent PE...To detect the prognostic significance of interim F-FDG PET/CT SUV(standard uptake value) reduction(△SUV_(max)) associated with Ki67 in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma(DLBCL).47 DLBCL patients underwent PET/CT before initiation and after 2-4 cycles of chemotherapy were included.The SUV_(max)of the dominant lesions were calculated.Ki67 positive indices were provided by enzyme-labeled immunohistochemistry.SPSS17.0 was used for statistical analysis.ASUV_(max) of different groups were compared by t test.Receiver-operator characteristic analysis was performed to determine the optimal cutoff values.KaplanMeier analyses of PFS(Progression-free survival) were compared using log-rank test.The average of △SUV_(max)and △SUV_(max)%were 11.53 and 69.10%,respectively.The optimal cutoff values of △SUV_(max)x and △SUV_(max)%were 11.45 and 82.92%,respectively.Higher △SUV_(max) and △SUV_(max)%indicated longer PFS(p < 0.001).The optimal cutoff value of Ki67 was 55%.Ki67>55%was revealed to be an indicator of shorter PFS(p = 0.019).Either △SUV_(max)≤11.45 or Ki67>55%was defined as an indicator to poor outcome and scored 1 point.The PFS rate was 100%in patients scored 0 point,yet 0%in patients scored 2 points.PFS tended to be shorter along with the score getting higher(p = 0.006).△SUV_(max) and Ki67 positive index were both of significance in DLBCL prognosis.The prognostic value may be confirmed when △SUV_(max) was accordant with Ki67.展开更多
文摘Standard cell placement algorithms have been at the forefront of academic research concerning the physical design stages of VLSI design flows. The penultimate step of a standard cell placement procedure is legalization. In this step the manufacturability of the design is directly settled, and the quality of the solution, in terms of wirelength, congestion, timing and power consumption is indirectly defined. Since the heavy lifting regarding processing is performed by global placers, fast legalization solutions are protruded in state-of-the-art design flows. In this paper we propose and evaluate a legalization scheme that surpasses in execution speed two of the most widely used legalizers, without not only corrupting the quality of the final solution in terms of interconnection wirelength but improving it in the process.
文摘This paper introduces a novel standard-cell flash architecture for implementing analog-to-digital converters (ADC). The proposed ADC consists of several CMOS inverters all having their inputs connected to a common input node. The out-put of the ADC is a thermometer code generated by the inverter outputs. Depending on the relationship between the input signal and a given inverter’s threshold voltage, the output will either be ‘0’ or ‘1’. By having many inverters with different threshold voltages, it is possible to create a 3-bit flash ADC. Even though the system is inherently non-linear, mathematical optimization has been done in order to improve its linearity. The proposed circuit dissipates 6.7 mW and uses in total 672 transistors of PMOS and NMOS types. This ADC is designed and simulated using TSMC’s 0.18 μm CMOS and results show that the proposed circuit works as expected even in presence of process variations.
文摘China’s first general standard for stem cells officially released on November 22,2017 is expected to lay a foundation for regulating the application of stem cells technology.Stem cells are a group of self-renewal cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.They are now used for the treatment of many diseases.Despite a series of documents for regulating basic research and achievement transformation of stem cells,the clinical application and industrialization still face great challenges due to
文摘Objective： Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma （DLBCL） is a heterogeneous disease. The prognostic factor currently used is not accurate enough to predict the outcomes of patients with DLBCL. The prognostic significance of interim PET/CT in DLBCL remains controversial. The aim of this study is to determine the predictive value of interim 18F-FDG PET/CT after first-line treatment in patients with DLBCL. Methods： Thirty-two patients with DLBCL underwent baseline, interim and post-treatment lSF-FDG PET/CT scans. Imaging results were analyzed for the survival of patients via software SPSS 13.0, retrospectively. Results： Thirty-one of the 32 patients were treated with R-CHOP regimen, and interim 18F-FDG PET/CT of 24 patients was performed after 2 cycles of treatment. After a median follow-up period of 16.7 months, the 2-year progression-free survival （PFS） rates were significantly different between the groups above and below SUVmax CUt-Off value of 2.5 （P=0.039）. No significant differences were found in the 2-year PFS rates if SUVm, cut-offvalues were set as 2.0 and 3.0, respectively （P=0.360; P=0.113）. Conclusions： Interim PET/CT could predict the prognosis of DLBCL patients with the SUVmax cut-off value of 2.5, but more clinical data should be concluded to confirm this conclusion.
文摘To detect the prognostic significance of interim F-FDG PET/CT SUV(standard uptake value) reduction(△SUV_(max)) associated with Ki67 in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma(DLBCL).47 DLBCL patients underwent PET/CT before initiation and after 2-4 cycles of chemotherapy were included.The SUV_(max)of the dominant lesions were calculated.Ki67 positive indices were provided by enzyme-labeled immunohistochemistry.SPSS17.0 was used for statistical analysis.ASUV_(max) of different groups were compared by t test.Receiver-operator characteristic analysis was performed to determine the optimal cutoff values.KaplanMeier analyses of PFS(Progression-free survival) were compared using log-rank test.The average of △SUV_(max)and △SUV_(max)%were 11.53 and 69.10%,respectively.The optimal cutoff values of △SUV_(max)x and △SUV_(max)%were 11.45 and 82.92%,respectively.Higher △SUV_(max) and △SUV_(max)%indicated longer PFS(p < 0.001).The optimal cutoff value of Ki67 was 55%.Ki67>55%was revealed to be an indicator of shorter PFS(p = 0.019).Either △SUV_(max)≤11.45 or Ki67>55%was defined as an indicator to poor outcome and scored 1 point.The PFS rate was 100%in patients scored 0 point,yet 0%in patients scored 2 points.PFS tended to be shorter along with the score getting higher(p = 0.006).△SUV_(max) and Ki67 positive index were both of significance in DLBCL prognosis.The prognostic value may be confirmed when △SUV_(max) was accordant with Ki67.
