From the perspective of group standards, the dynamics of the cosmetic industry in the past few years were briefly reviewed and analyzed, including the number of group standards published, types of group standards, gro...From the perspective of group standards, the dynamics of the cosmetic industry in the past few years were briefly reviewed and analyzed, including the number of group standards published, types of group standards, groups, and geographical distribution of the groups. The large number of participating groups and the wide range of geographical distribution indicated that group standards could play a positive role in the sustained and positive development of cosmetic industry. The future development of cosmetic industry was also prospected。展开更多
The Intelligent Grouping and Resource Sharing (IGRS) standard is set to enable intelligent grouping, resource sharing and services collaboration among information devices. An IGRS system adopts open architecture, that...The Intelligent Grouping and Resource Sharing (IGRS) standard is set to enable intelligent grouping, resource sharing and services collaboration among information devices. An IGRS system adopts open architecture, that is, the devices abide by the IGRS standard are interoperable with devices following other standards such as Universal Plug and Play (UPnP). The IGRS supports multiple application frameworks and special applications. Developers can use an IGRS media application framework with various media format standards, such as AVS and MPEG-2, to develop multimedia applications. Applied among computers, consumer electronics, and communication devices, the IGRS standard can realize resource sharing and services collaboration in a certain range of wired or wireless network domain.展开更多
目的以《中国医院质量安全管理第4-8部分:医疗管理医院感染管理》对于结肠手术的影响为例,评估《中国医院质量安全管理》团体标准应用对于外科手术服务质量的影响及其实施效果。方法以医院信息系统为依托,分别提取2018年10月1日-2019年9...目的以《中国医院质量安全管理第4-8部分:医疗管理医院感染管理》对于结肠手术的影响为例,评估《中国医院质量安全管理》团体标准应用对于外科手术服务质量的影响及其实施效果。方法以医院信息系统为依托,分别提取2018年10月1日-2019年9月30日(标准实施前)与2019年10月1日-2020年9月30日(标准实施后)结肠手术患者数据,分析与比较患者年龄、共病等基础特征,并采用间断性时间序列分析(ITSA),评估标准实施对于不良事件、住院时长的影响。结果研究共纳入4442例结肠手术患者,其中标准实施前的患者为2936例,实施后的患者为1506例。单因素分析显示,与标准实施前相比,标准实施后的结肠手术患者共病指数较高(2.25±4.95 vs 3.95±6.14,P<0.0001),恶性肿瘤患病率较高(14.03%vs 26.10%,P<0.0001),平均住院日增加(10.95±8.52 vs 13.29±9.50,P<0.0001),但不良事件发生率并未提高(1.12%vs 0.86%,P=0.4164)。ITSA显示,标准实施后,不良事件发生率与住院时长均无显著增加。结论医院质量安全管理标准的实施可在一定程度上应对患者病情的加重对于临床结局造成的负面影响,保障医疗服务的质量安全。展开更多
文摘From the perspective of group standards, the dynamics of the cosmetic industry in the past few years were briefly reviewed and analyzed, including the number of group standards published, types of group standards, groups, and geographical distribution of the groups. The large number of participating groups and the wide range of geographical distribution indicated that group standards could play a positive role in the sustained and positive development of cosmetic industry. The future development of cosmetic industry was also prospected。
文摘The Intelligent Grouping and Resource Sharing (IGRS) standard is set to enable intelligent grouping, resource sharing and services collaboration among information devices. An IGRS system adopts open architecture, that is, the devices abide by the IGRS standard are interoperable with devices following other standards such as Universal Plug and Play (UPnP). The IGRS supports multiple application frameworks and special applications. Developers can use an IGRS media application framework with various media format standards, such as AVS and MPEG-2, to develop multimedia applications. Applied among computers, consumer electronics, and communication devices, the IGRS standard can realize resource sharing and services collaboration in a certain range of wired or wireless network domain.
文摘目的以《中国医院质量安全管理第4-8部分:医疗管理医院感染管理》对于结肠手术的影响为例,评估《中国医院质量安全管理》团体标准应用对于外科手术服务质量的影响及其实施效果。方法以医院信息系统为依托,分别提取2018年10月1日-2019年9月30日(标准实施前)与2019年10月1日-2020年9月30日(标准实施后)结肠手术患者数据,分析与比较患者年龄、共病等基础特征,并采用间断性时间序列分析(ITSA),评估标准实施对于不良事件、住院时长的影响。结果研究共纳入4442例结肠手术患者,其中标准实施前的患者为2936例,实施后的患者为1506例。单因素分析显示,与标准实施前相比,标准实施后的结肠手术患者共病指数较高(2.25±4.95 vs 3.95±6.14,P<0.0001),恶性肿瘤患病率较高(14.03%vs 26.10%,P<0.0001),平均住院日增加(10.95±8.52 vs 13.29±9.50,P<0.0001),但不良事件发生率并未提高(1.12%vs 0.86%,P=0.4164)。ITSA显示,标准实施后,不良事件发生率与住院时长均无显著增加。结论医院质量安全管理标准的实施可在一定程度上应对患者病情的加重对于临床结局造成的负面影响,保障医疗服务的质量安全。
