Simulation Analysis of New Energy Vehicle Engine Cooling System Based on K-E Turbulent Flow Mathematical Model

New energy vehicles have better clean and environmental protection characteristics than traditional fuel vehicles.The new energy engine cooling technology is critical in the design of new energy vehicles.This paper used oneand three-way joint simulation methods to simulate the refrigeration system of new energy vehicles.Firstly,a k-εturbulent flow model for the cooling pump flow field is established based on the principle of computational fluid dynamics.Then,the CFD commercial fluid analysis software FLUENT is used to simulate the flow field of the cooling pump under different inlet flow conditions.This paper proposes an optimization scheme for new energy vehicle engines’“boiling”phenomenon under high temperatures and long-time climbing conditions.The simulation results show that changing the radiator’s structure and adjusting the thermostat’s parameters can solve the problem of a“boiling pot.”The optimized new energy vehicle engine can maintain a better operating temperature range.The algorithm model can reference each cryogenic system component hardware selection and control strategy in the new energy vehicle’s engine.

Numerical prediction of inner turbulent flow in conical diffuser by using a new five-point scheme and DLR k-ε turbulence model

The internal turbulent flow in conical diffuser is a very complicated adverse pressure gradient flow.DLR k-ε turbulence model was adopted to study it.The every terms of the Laplace operator in DLR k-ε turbulence model and pressure Poisson equation were discretized by upwind difference scheme.A new full implicit difference scheme of 5-point was constructed by using finite volume method and finite difference method.A large sparse matrix with five diagonals was formed and was stored by three arrays of one dimension in a compressed mode.General iterative methods do not work wel1 with large sparse matrix.With algebraic multigrid method(AMG),linear algebraic system of equations was solved and the precision was set at 10-6.The computation results were compared with the experimental results.The results show that the computation results have a good agreement with the experiment data.The precision of computational results and numerical simulation efficiency are greatly improved.

Heat Transfer and Flow Characteristics Predictions with a Refined k-ε-f_u Turbulent Model in Impinging Jet

Local heat transfer and flow characteristics in a round turbulent impinging jet for Re≈23 000 is predicted numerically with the RANS approach and a k-ε-fu turbulence model. The heat transfer predictions and turbulence parameters are verified against the axis-symmetric free jet impingement measurements and compared with previous other turbulence models, and results show the k-ε-fu model has a good performance in predictions of the local wall heat transfer coefficient, and in agreement with measurements in mean velocity profiles at different radial positions as well. The numerical model is further used to examine the effect of the fully confined impingement jet on the local Nusselt number. Local Nusselt profiles in x and y-centerlines for the target plate over three separation distances are predicted. Compared with the experimental data, the numerical results are accurate in the central domain around the stagnation region and present a consistent structure distribution.

Multi-layer analytic solution for k-ωmodel equations via a symmetry approach

Despite being one of the oldest and most widely-used turbulence models in engineering computational fluid dynamics(CFD),the k-ωmodel has not been fully understood theoretically because of its high nonlinearity and complex model parameter setting.Here,a multi-layer analytic expression is postulated for two lengths(stress and kinetic energy lengths),yielding an analytic solution for the k-ωmodel equations in pipe flow.Approximate local balance equations are analyzed to determine the key parameters in the solution,which are shown to be rather close to the empirically-measured values from the numerical solution of the Wilcox k-ωmodel,and hence the analytic construction is fully validated.The results provide clear evidence that the k-ωmodel sets in it a multilayer structure,which is similar to but different,in some insignificant details,from the Navier-Stokes(N-S)turbulence.This finding explains why the k-ωmodel is so popular,especially in computing the near-wall flow.Finally,the analysis is extended to a newlyrefined k-ωmodel called the structural ensemble dynamics(SED)k-ωmodel,showing that the SED k-ωmodel has improved the multi-layer structure in the outer flow but preserved the setting of the k-ωmodel in the inner region.

REVISED k-ε TURBULENCE MODEL IN ELECTROMAGNETIC CONTINUOUS CASTING OF MELT

The research is motivated by the ongoing the electromagnetic continuous casting of molten metal. The revised k-ε model considering the effect of magnetic field application was derived. The specific model equations for the electromagnetic braking were used to calculate the velocity distribution in the continuous casting mold of steel. The results show that the revised k-ε model considering the effect of magnetic field application tends to suppress the production of turbulence and difference between the conventional and revised k-e model is small.

Three-dimensional turbulent model of heat transfer and fluid flow in GTAW process

A two-equation K-ε turbulent fluid flow model is built to model the heat transfer and fluid flow in gas tungsten arc welding （GTAW） process of stainless steel S US310 and S US316. This model combines the buoyancy force, lorentz force and marangni force as the driving forces of thefluidflow in the weld pool. The material properties are functions of temperature in this model. The simulated results show that the molten metal flowing outward is mainly caused by the marangoni convection, which makes the weld pool become wider and shallower. The comparison of the weld pool shape of SUS310 and SUS316 shows that the slight differences of the value of thermal conductivity mainly attributes to the difference of the weld pool shape and the distinction of heat transport in laminar and turbulent model makes large diversity in the simulated results.

A K-εTWO-EQUATION TURBULENCE MODEL FOR THE SOLID-LIQUID TWO-PHASE FLOWS

A two-equation turbulence model has been dereloped for predicting two-phase flow the two equations describe the conserration of turbulence kinetic energy and dissipation rate of that energy for the incompressible carrier fluid in a two-phase flow The continuity, the momentum, K and εequations are modeled. In this model,the solid-liquid slip veloeites, the particle-particte interactions and the interactions between two phases are considered,The sandy water pipe turbulent flows are sueeessfuly predicted by this turbulince model.

CURVAURE SENSITIVE NONLINEAR TURBULENCE MODEL

By modifying the Rodi assumption to take account of the influence of flow curvature, a new curvature modified algebraic stress model(CMASM) is de- veloped from the second moment closure in the generalized curvilinear coordinate system. And the explicit form of this ASM, a new curvature modified nonlinear k-ε model (CMNKE), is derived in the orthogonal curvilinear coordinate system. This new nonlinear k-ε model is further validated by a numerical simulation of a two- dimensional U-type turnaround duct flow. The results show that the CMNKE can effectively capture the main characteristic of this curvature flow and simulate the damping effect of the shear stress by a convex curvature and the enhancing effect by a concave curvature. So, this model is a rational and effective simplification to the second moment closure.

Optimal convergence rates for three-dimensional turbulent flow equations

In this paper, the convergence turbulent flow equations are considered. By rates of solutions to the three-dimensional combining the LP-Lq estimate for the linearized equations and an elaborate energy method, the convergence rates are obtained in various norms for the solution to the equilibrium state in the whole space when the initial perturbation of the equilibrium state is small in the H3-framework. More precisely, the optimal convergence rates of the solutions and their first-order derivatives in the L2-norm are obtained when the LP-norm of the perturbation is bounded for some p ε [1, 6）.

基于CFD的干法手套箱内气体流场的数值模拟研究

在乏燃料干法后处理中,将氧化物制备成金属时,可采用熔盐电解工艺技术,由于核燃料具有较高的毒性和放射性,为了确保操作过程的安全,整个工艺过程必须在干法手套箱内进行,干法手套箱是干法后处理熔盐电解工艺研究的必要保障。在以往的实际使用过程中,气量的设计理念是加大通风量,这就造成需要处理的废气量增加,能耗增多,运行成本提高。本文基于CFD以及统计学标准差的概念,研究了箱体内气体流场受到出入口位置、流速等因素的影响,建立了风机流量与箱体体积的函数关系式,为干法手套箱和热室的设计提供了重要的参数。

不可压湍流流动K-ε两方程模型参数辨识

本文提出了不可压湍流流动情况下标准 K -ε两方程模型的参数辨识方法 ,并对轴对称管道流动、二维后向台阶流动、轴对称突扩管道流动下的模型参数进行了参数辨识与分析 ,得到了一些初步结论 :( 1)参数辨识方法是确定湍流模型经验参数值的一种有效方法 ;( 2 )参数辨识结果受数值计算精度和流动特性影响很大 ;( 3)由于标准 K -ε两方程模型本身还有缺陷 。

基于标准K-ε模型与CFD的浮子流量传感器的研究

依据湍流模式理论中的标准 K- ε模型及 CFD(计算流体力学 )实现了对浮子流量传感器三维湍流流场的数值研究 ,利用物理概念清晰的“有限体积法”作为数值解法 ,并采用以压力为基本求解变量的 SIMPL E算法求解离散控制方程 ;提出“浮子受力平衡度误差分析法”控制计算精度 ,通过对传感器速度场、压力场的三维研究 ,获得传感器流场的关键信息 ,即浮子受力大小以及传感器流量值。数值计算结果 ,即针对 30 0 K水 ,粘度为 1.0 0 3× 10 - 3Pa· s流场的计算结论得到了物理实验验证。

基于k-ε模型模拟平衡态大气边界层的比较研究

平衡态大气边界层的准确模拟是计算风工程领域的基础性难题,也是研究热点问题之一。该文首先对近年来国内外针对这一问题的理论研究成果按入流边界条件、湍流模型参数、附加源项模型以及壁面函数模型等四个方面进行了全面梳理和系统总结,并建议了一组新的标准k-ε模型湍流模型参数和通用壁面函数模型表达式。接着,采用计算流体动力学方法,建立简单边界层流动数值风洞模型,按照以上四种类别采用递进的方法对这些理论成果进行了详细的数值模拟验证和比较分析。结果表明:基于湍动能k方程解析解的入流边界条件并不必然会生成平衡态边界层,它和湍动能剖面的数学模型表达形式关系很大;除入流湍流边界条件外,湍流模型参数取值及壁面函数对平衡态大气边界层的模拟亦有较大影响,而增加源项并不能有效改善速度和湍动能剖面在整个流域范围的自保持性。该文对这一类问题的研究具有一定参考价值。

TWO MODIFICATORY K-ε TURBULENCE MODELS FOR TURBULENT SWIRLING FLOWS

Since the standard K-ε model used to predict the strongly swirling flowleads to a large deviation from experimental results, it is necessary to introduce modification tothe standard K-ε model. Based on the algebraic Reynolds stress model and Bradshaw's turbulentlength scale modification conception, we present two modified K-ε models. To investigate thebehaviour of the modified turbulence models, they are used to predict two representative turbulentswirling flows. The computational results, after compared with the experimental data, show that themodified K-ε models substantially improve the prediction of the standard K-ε model for theturbulent swirling flows.

Numerical simulation and experimental verification of plasma jet development in gas gap switch

Plasma jet triggered gas gap switch has obvious advantages in fast control switch.The development of the plasma in the ambient medium is the key factor affecting the triggering conduction of the gas switch.However,the plasma jet process and its characteristic parameters are complicated and the existing test methods cannot fully characterize its development laws.In this work,a two-dimensional transient fluid calculation model of the plasma jet process of the gas gap switch is established based on the renormalization-group k-εturbulence equation.The results show that the characteristic parameters and morphological evolution of the plasma jet are basically consistent with the experimental results,which verifies the accuracy of the simulation model calculation.The plasma jet is a long strip with an initial velocity of 1.0 km·s-1and develops in both axial and radial directions.The jet velocity fluctuates significantly with axial height.As the plasma jet enters the main gap,the pressure inside the trigger cavity drops by80%,resulting in a rapid drop in the jet velocity.When the plasma jet head interacts with the atmosphere,the two-phase fluid compresses each other,generating a forward-propelled pressure wave.The plasma jet heads flow at high velocity,a negative pressure zone is formed in the middle part of the jet,and the pressure peak decreases gradually with height.As the value of the inlet pressure increases,the characteristic parameters of the plasma jet increase.The entrainment phenomenon is evident,which leads to an increase in the pressure imbalance of the atmospheric gas medium,leading to a significant Coanda effect.Compared with air,the characteristic parameters of a plasma jet in SF6are lower,and the morphological evolution is significantly suppressed.The results of this study can provide some insight into the mechanism of action of the switch jet plasma development process.

COMPARISON OF K-ε AND K-ω TURBULENCE MODELS FOR SIMULATION OF SHALLOW RECIRCULATING FLOWS IN AN OPEN CHANNEL

The paper describes the comparison of commonly used k-ε and k-ω turbulence models for simulating the recirculating flows behind a sudden expansion in a straight open channel. The depth-average numerical model and the quasi three-dimensional multilayer model are presented respectively. The governing equations are split into three parts in the finite difference approach: advection, dispersion and propagation. Comparison of the results computed with the k-ε and k-ω models shows that the two turbulence models have strong robustness in simulating the reattachment length of the recirculating flows. The computed results are found in good agreement with the measured data.

洞塞消能的数值模拟

应用标准k-ε双方程模型对洞塞消能工进行了数值模拟计算。数模的结果与试验结果和经验公式计算的结果很相近,误差小于5%。这说明应用标准k-ε双方程模型计算洞塞消能是可行的。在验证的基础上,用数模对洞塞消能工的布置进行了优化,并给出了各级洞塞布置的最短距离。

一种新型旋风分离器的流场和结构

为了考察一种新型旋风分离器的流场特点及其几何参数变化对流场的影响,采用CFD软件——Fluent中的标准k-ε湍流模型对该类型旋风分离器的气相流场进行了模拟,结果得知:该旋风分离器气相流场的切向速度分布较对称,在靠近分离筒体中心位置处出现了小的旋涡;排气管的插入深度对流场影响显著,入口角度对流场有一定影响,排气管直径对流场影响较复杂,但对最终分离效率基本无影响。

矩形农渠机翼形量水槽水力特性数值模拟

采用VOF方法与标准k-ε紊流模型相耦合,对矩形农渠中三种不同收缩比的机翼形量水槽进行三维数值模拟,并将渠道下游断面水深、过流流量等数值计算结果与物理模型试验结果进行对比,结果表明,二者吻合得较好,从而证明采用三维CFD数值模型对实体模型内部流场的模拟是可靠的,为今后机翼形量水槽的深入研究和优化设计提供了新的方法和依据。

厢式沉沙池进口优化试验及流场三维数值模拟

通过对沉沙池原设计方案模型试验发现,原设计方案沉沙池存在着三池厢流量分配不均,进口流速及水面波动较大等缺陷。通过模型试验发现,在整流前池中设置整流横梁等措施后,沉沙池中水流流态得到了较大改善,三池厢出口流量分配及流速分布趋于均匀。在此基础上,采用数学模型对沉沙池中流态进行了三维数值模拟,得到了沉沙池中完整的流场信息,结果表明,计算结果与试验观测资料吻合良好,弥补了试验观测资料不足的缺陷。