Research Status of Water Quality Criteria and Standards and Analysis on the Transformation Methods

Under the vision of development for the new era,China has entered a stage of high-quality economic development and an important window period in which we have the conditions and ability to address the prominent issue of economic development and ecological protection in a coordinated way.However,all kinds of environmental benchmark values in China are lacking and need to be constantly supplemented and improved.Therefore,exploring and putting forward a simple and efficient method for the transformation of environmental criteria into environmental standards is an important basis for the rapid establishment of relevant environmental criteria system and the effective promotion of the development of environmental standards system towards a scientific and reasonable direction.In this paper,the water environment is taken as the research object.By analyzing the research progress of environmental criteria and standards at home and abroad,and the foreign method of transforming environmental criteria into environmental standards,combined with the problems faced in the process of transforming environmental criteria into environmental standards in China,an effective method to transform China's environmental criteria into environmental standards is analyzed.After analysis and comparison,it is found that the pollution reduction accounting method could achieve their simple and efficient conversion.Under the premise of obtaining environmental criteria for certain pollutants,environmental criteria for certain pollutants could be obtained by distributing pollutants reduction costs,and accounting economic benefits after reaching standard,thus obtaining the environmental standard of this type of pollutant,which provides reference to determine the environmental standard limits of such pollutants.

Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation and Regeneration by Direct Shoot Organogenesis in Cotton (G. hirsutum)

Genotype independent transformation andregeneration of Indian cotton(Gossypiumhirsutum L.)cultivar was standardized with Bt-Cry 1A(b)gene by Agrobacterium-mediation.Apical meristem of elite G.hirsutum cultivarLRK-516 and LRA 5166 were co-cultivated withA.tumefaciens LBA 4404 carrying synthetic Bt-

A High-performance Low Cost Inverse Integer Transform Architecture for AVS Video Standard

A high-performance, low cost inverse integer transform architecture for advanced video standard （AVS） video coding standard was presented. An 8 × 8 inverse integer transform is required in AVS video system which is compute-intensive. A hardware transform is inevitable to compute the transform for the real-time application. Compared with the 4 × 4 transform for H.264/AVC, the 8 × 8 integer transform is much more complex and the coefficient in the inverse transform matrix Ts is not inerratic as that in H.264/AVC. Dividing the Ts into matrix Ss and Rs, the proposed architecture is implemented with the adders and the specific CSA-trees instead of multipliers, which are area and time consuming. The architecture obtains the data processing rate up to 8 pixels per-cycle at a low cost of area. Synthesized to TSMC 0.18 μm COMS process, the architecture attains the operating frequency of 300 MHz at cost of 34 252 gates with a 2-stage pipeline scheme. A reusable scheme is also introduced for the area optimization, which results in the operating frequency of 143 MHz at cost of only 19 758 gates.

Very Low Bit-Rate Video Coding by Combining H.264/AVC Standard and 2-D Discrete Wavelet Transform

In this paper, we propose a new method for very low bit-rate video coding that combines H.264/AVC standard and two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform. In this method, first a two dimensional wavelet transform is applied on each video frame independently to extract the low frequency components for each frame and then the low frequency parts of all frames are coded using H.264/AVC codec. On the other hand, the high frequency parts of the video frames are coded by Run Length Coding algorithm, after applying a threshold to neglect the low value coefficients. Experiments show that our proposed method can achieve better rate-distortion performance at very low bit-rate applications below 16 kbits/s compared to applying H.264/AVC standard directly to all frames. Applications of our proposed video coding technique include video telephony, video-conferencing, transmitting or receiving video over half-rate traffic channels of GSM networks.

The Mandatory Energy Efficiency Standard for Distribution Transformer soon Publicized in China

Owning to the rapid economy development in China and sharp increase of energyconsumption in recent years, energy shortage is increasingly apparent and becoming an importantobstacle to the sustainable development of our economy. With the aim to relieve the problem ofenergy shortage, the State Development and Reform Commission places the great emphasis ofenergy-saving work on improving energy efficiency of industrial energy-consuming products inenergy-saving work. The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine ofthe People's Republic of China (AQSIQ) has issued and implemented two energy efficiency standardsfor three-phase induction motors and displacement air compressor, and will soon issue another twoenergy efficiency standards for clean- water centrifugal pumps and ventilation fans. The transformeris a kind of electric equipment widely used in many industries in national economy, with featuresof great amount of use, long period of operation and tremendous potential of energy-saving. So, itis necessary to develop the standard of energy efficiency for distribution transformers.

Drought and flood characteristics in the farmingpastoral ecotone of northern China based on the Standardized Precipitation Index

The farming-pastoral ecotone of northern China(FPENC)provides an important ecological barrier which restrains the invasion of desert into Northwest China.Studying drought and flood characteristics in the FPENC can provide scientific support and practical basis for the protection of the FPENC.Based on monthly precipitation data from 115 meteorological stations,we determined the changes in climate and the temporal and spatial variations of drought and flood occurrence in the FPENC during 1960-2020 using the Standardized Precipitation Index(SPI),Morlet wavelet transform,and inverse distance weighted interpolation method.Annual precipitation in the FPENC showed a slightly increasing trend from 1960 to 2020,with an increasing rate of about 1.15 mm/a.The interannual SPI exhibited obvious fluctuations,showing an overall non-significant upward trend(increasing rate of 0.02/a).Therefore,the study area showed a wetting trend in recent years.Drought and flood disasters mainly occurred on an interannual change cycle of 2-6 and 9-17 a,respectively.In the future,a tendency towards drought can be expected in the FPENC.The temporal and spatial distribution of drought and flood differed in the northwestern,northern,and northeastern segments of the FPENC,and most of the drought and flood disasters occurred in local areas.Severe and extreme drought disasters were concentrated in the northwestern and northeastern segments,and severe and extreme flood disasters were mainly in the northeastern segment.Drought was most frequent in the northwestern segment,the central part of the northeastern segment,and the northern part of the northern segment.Flood was most frequent in the western part of the northwestern segment,the eastern part of the northeastern segment,and the eastern and western parts of the northern segment.The accurate evaluation of the degrees of drought and flood disasters in the FPENC will provide scientific basis for the regional climate study and critical information on which to base decisions regarding environmental protection and socio-economic development in this region.

Environmental Technical Standards and the Green Transition of China’s Manufacturing Industry

Distinct from the existing literature conforming to the Porter hypothesis which emphasizes the technological innovation mechanism,this paper examines the mechanism of technological transformation through which environmental technical standards influence the manufacturing industry in reducing emissions and improving efficiency(i.e.green transition).Furthermore,drawing upon enterprise samples from the databases of Chinese Industrial Enterprises and Chinese Industrial Pollution Sources from Major Monitored Enterprises,it empirically validates the results of the theoretical analysis.Overall,our research reveals that environmental technical standards can propel manufacturing enterprises to reduce pollution and increase productivity by following an incremental path of technological transformation,thereby achieving a green transition.Moreover,environmental technical standards indirectly promote green technology innovation in the upstream equipment manufacturing enterprises.Heterogeneity analysis further shows that environmental technical standards have a stronger effect of green transition on those companies with higher pollution emission intensity,lower productivity,slower capital renewal and stronger financing capacity prior to implementing the environmental policies.

基于规则匹配与深度学习AbTransformer的渔业标准表格信息抽取方法

为解决渔业标准文本中表格结构多样、表头位置不固定导致抽取效果不佳的问题,提出一种结合规则匹配(rule-based-matching,RBM)与AbTransformer(Absolute Transformer)深度学习模型的表格信息抽取方法,该方法对规则类表格信息采用规则模板与BERT-BiLSTM-CRF模型进行信息抽取,对非规则类表格信息采用改进的Transformer进行抽取,即在位置编码模块中引入行位置编码,与特征向量拼接以获取表格行列位置。结果表明:本文中提出的AbTransformer模型相较于机器学习MLP模型,AUC值提升了1.46%,相较于TabTransformer模型,AUC值提高了1.18%;本文中提出的RBM-AbTransformer模型与AbTransformer模型相比,准确率、召回率和F1值分别提高了7.78%、4.19%和5.27%。研究表明,结合RBM与AbTransformer的渔业标准表格信息抽取方法,有效解决了表格结构多样、表头位置不固定的问题,提升了渔业标准表格信息抽取的整体效果。

A Hybrid Diagnosis Approach on Transformer’s Insulating Oil

The immersed-oil power transformer is so vital equipment in power system that maintenance-engineers take more monitor from transformer’s insulating oil to diagnose what is condition of operation. Then the dissolved gas analysis (DGA) is known for an effective technique on detecting incipient faults in oil-immersed power transformers. In this paper, a practical method is presented which consists of the Roger & Dernenber Ratio Methods, the Linear SVM diagnosis, the Key Gas method and the Specification ANSI/IEEE C57.104 Standard. Thus, incipient faults in power immersed-oil transformers can be directly identified by a report’s form which is so easy understood that we can accurate of diagnosis transformer. The user only keys in the measured data of main gases such as H2, CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, and CO those gases were must decompose via ASTM-D3612. The diagnosis result was showed in texts. This paper was taken some data from Taiwan and Siemens Power Company to verify the program that was validation and accuracy of the transformer’s insulating oil diagnosis tool.

国内外大型邮轮设计建造标准化研究

大型邮轮核心设计建造技术是我国造船行业正在攻克的技术难点之一。本文通过对比分析国内外大型邮轮设计建造技术的发展现状,研究我国大型邮轮自主可控设计建造技术的发展方向,梳理国内外大型邮轮设计建造领域标准化工作进程,明确我国自主技术标准研制的需求与关键内容,提出我国大型邮轮自主设计建造标准化工作发展建议,为今后我国大型邮轮设计建造领域加快推进数字化智能化技术深度应用、加大关键技术标准研制力度、构建完善技术标准体系、实现行业的转型升级提供理论指导。

数字经济助推贸易强国建设:逻辑、困境与破解之道

数字经济具有数字产业化、产业数字化、数据价值化以及数字化治理的特征,有助于赋予贸易强国建设新动能和新优势。从微观层面看,数字经济以新产品赋能贸易规模、外贸结构;从中观层面看,数字经济以新模式推动产业升级;从宏观层面看,数字经济给国家提供新平台促进外贸提质增效。但是,在赋能发展过程中,在数字化基础设施配备、产品贸易结构、数字核心技术研发、数字治理失灵、数字贸易规则制定等方面存在一定的困境。为此,中国应完善数字基础保障建设、拓展数字中间品贸易、加快突破核心数字技术、健全数字贸易治理监管体系、深化数字贸易规则衔接及国际合作,从而以数字经济助推贸易强国建设,实现高水平对外开放和高质量发展。

高标准农田建设参与对农民种粮收益的影响——基于农业新质生产力的中介作用

基于全国10省1032份农户的微观调查数据,使用内生转换回归模型实证分析了高标准农田建设参与对农民种粮收益的影响。研究发现:(1)高标准农田建设参与显著提升农民种粮收益,且平均处理效应表明,参与高标准农田建设可使农民种粮收益提高2.77%。(2)异质性分析表明,相较于小农户,规模户参与高标准农田建设能够提升种粮收益;高标准农田建设参与不仅促进兼业农户增加种粮收益,而且促进纯农户增加种粮收益;相较于非粮食主产区,粮食主产区农户参与高标准农田建设的种粮收益提升效果更明显。(3)机制分析表明,高标准农田建设参与通过提升农业新质生产力水平,从而提高农民种粮收益。据此,鼓励农民积极参与高标准农田建设管理工作,制定出台农户参与高标准农田建设的差异化政策,同时加快培育和发展农业新质生产力,以实现农民种粮收益提升。

我国科技成果转化为技术标准政策分析及对气象部门的启示

本文以2015—2024年国家、部委以及地方政府公布的59份科技成果转化为技术标准的有关政策文件为研究对象进行整理和分析,结合气象部门科技与标准互动发展的现状,在政策制定方面提出优化建议。

产业数字化转型背景下基于现场工程师培养的学徒培养标准构建

基于现场工程师培养的学徒培养标准构建,有利于增强高职教育培养符合产业数字化转型需要的技术技能人才。针对校企合作不深导致对学徒培养标准不够重视、学徒培养标准与产业数字化岗位标准对接不足、学徒培养标准引领性不强等问题,基于现场工程师培养的学徒培养标准构建需要坚持专业建设与产业数字化转型的匹配,课程标准与岗位标准、素养标准的匹配以及学历与现场工程师身份的匹配。基于现场工程师培养的学徒培养标准实践路径为:坚持政校行企“四主体”跨界联通;加强与产业数字化岗位的“同频共振”;重构理实一体化课程教学体系。

基于融合K-近邻算法的电压互感器在线监测方法

由于受工作时长和环境因素的影响,电容式电压互感器(capacitor voltage transformer,CVT)在运行过程中误差稳定性不高,易出现电能计量失准现象。为此,该文提出了一种基于融合K-近邻算法(fusion K-nearest neighbor algorithm,FKNN)的电压互感器在线评估方法。该方法利用互感器的历史运行数据构建虚拟标准器,通过改进K-近邻算法对互感器实时状态进行监测,实现对异常情况的报警。同时,提出了一种加权移动时间窗的方法,自适应更新异常阈值,有效削弱电网不平衡波动的影响。实验结果表明,该文方法能够准确监测互感器的0.2级误差漂移。

人工智能融入体育与健康跨学科主题教学的框架构建与推进策略

推动教育数字化转型已成为深化教育改革和实现教育现代化的必然选择。在推动教育数字化转型的过程中,人工智能是最重要的抓手之一。基于跨学科主题教学视角,人工智能以课程内容而非工具的角色融入体育与健康跨学科主题教学意义重大,其背景体现在:教育数字化转型呼吁人工智能融入体育与健康课程、体育与健康跨学科主题教学开展的应然期待、学生体育与健康学习智能化发展的必然趋势;构建人工智能融入体育与健康跨学科主题教学的内容框架,应体现在构建“人工智能+体育”的跨学科主题教学目标、搭建教学内容体系、推进教学设计和开展学习评价四个方面,并设计了“给运动插上智慧的翅膀”的具体案例;未来的推进策略:高度重视体育与健康教学的整体智能化转型、为人工智能融入体育与健康跨学科主题教学提供多方保障、提升体育教师将人工智能融入体育与健康跨学科主题教学的能力。

基于共享投入两阶段DEA模型的通信企业标准化效率

从通信产业技术标准研发投入和标准化经营成果产出的视角,提出通信企业标准化效率评价指标体系,并构建可变规模报酬下的两阶段数据包络分析模型来测度通信企业技术标准研发效率和标准化成果转化效率。以华为和中兴两家企业2010—2020年的投入产出数据进行实证分析,结果表明,两家公司技术标准化整体效率较高,子阶段个别年份效率低下;在技术标准研发阶段,华为的效率平均值低于中兴的效率平均值;在标准转化阶段,华为的效率平均值高于中兴的效率平均值。最后,根据研究结果提出优化资源投入及利用效率、加入标准化联盟及组织和参与标准化活动等多条标准化效率提升建议。

推进标准创新基础建设加速创新成果转化的探索与实践

标准化是创新成果转化的必由之路。标准创新基地则是助推创新成果市场化、产业化和国际化的赋能平台和孵化器。深圳在创建国家技术标准创新基地过程中,着力从融合产业链与创新链、推动创新成果产业化、市场化和国际化等4个方面,成功进行了创新成果转化的路径探索与实践,并对标准创新基础建设进行了系统总结,提出了部分行之有效的建议。

食品检测中近红外光谱分析技术的应用研究

为了实现对食品成分、品质等方面的准确检测,为食品安全监管和质量控制提供有效的技术支持,引入近红外光谱分析技术,开展了该项技术在食品检测中的应用研究。通过样品制备、选择光谱采集设备、设置采集参数,采集食品近红外光谱,引入标准正态变量变换算法和自适应滤波算法,预处理采集的光谱数据,基于预处理后的数据,结合主成分分析法,构建食品成分特征与近红外光谱数据之间的数学模型,实现近红外光谱分析技术在食品检测的应用设计。实验结果表明,提出的研究应用后,食品成分检测结果与真实值更加接近,检测均方根误差较小,食品检测的准确性得到了显著提升。

从“数字”到“数智”:公共图书馆智慧化转型的行业规划

文章选取公共图书馆行业区域发展规划和智慧图书馆标准规范文本,统计其中含有“转型”的文本内容及其词频,进而分析公共图书馆智慧化转型的基本框架和发展体系。研究结果显示,公共图书馆智慧化转型主要体现在文献资源、用户服务、空间场景和技术应用维度,因而需要以资源文献港建设完善文献保障体系、以空间的数实融合拓展用户阅读场景、以服务融合式设计塑造全域文化价值、以技术工具治理加快智慧化变革进程。