Improving cultivated land use eco-efficiency(CLUE)can effectively promote agricultural sustainability,particularly in developing countries where CLUE is generally low.This study used provincial-level data from China t...Improving cultivated land use eco-efficiency(CLUE)can effectively promote agricultural sustainability,particularly in developing countries where CLUE is generally low.This study used provincial-level data from China to evaluate the spatiotemporal evolution of CLUE from 2000 to 2020 and identified the influencing factors of CLUE by using a panel Tobit model.In addition,given the undesirable outputs of agricultural production,we incorporated carbon emissions and nonpoint source pollution into the global benchmark-undesirable output-super efficiency-slacks-based measure(GB-US-SBM)model,which combines global benchmark technology,undesirable output,super efficiency,and slacks-based measure.The results indicated that there was an upward trend in CLUE in China from 2000 to 2020,with an increase rate of 2.62%.The temporal evolution of CLUE in China could be classified into three distinct stages:a period of fluctuating decrease(2000-2007),a phase of gradual increase(2008-2014),and a period of rapid growth(2015-2020).The major grain-producing areas(MPAs)had a lower CLUE than their counterparts,namely,non-major grain-production areas(non-MPAs).The spatial agglomeration effect followed a northeast-southwest strip distribution;and the movement path of barycentre revealed a"P"shape,with Luoyang City,Henan Province,as the centre.In terms of influencing factors of CLUE,investment in science and technology played the most vital role in improving CLUE,while irrigation index had the most negative effect.It should be noted that these two influencing factors had different impacts on MPAs and non-MPAs.Therefore,relevant departments should formulate policies to enhance the level of science and technology,improve irrigation condition,and promote sustainable utilization of cultivated land.展开更多
Objective: To explore the application effect of flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method in clinical skills teaching of standardized training for resident doctors of traditional Chinese M...Objective: To explore the application effect of flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method in clinical skills teaching of standardized training for resident doctors of traditional Chinese Medicine. Methods: The study used the experimental control method. The study lasted from September to November 2022. The subjects of this study were 49 students of standardized training for resident doctors of traditional Chinese Medicine from grades 2020, 2021 and 2022 of Dazhou integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital. They were randomly divided into experiment group (25) and control group (24). The experiment group adopted flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method, and the control group adopted traditional teaching method. The teaching content was 4 basic clinical skill projects, including four diagnoses of traditional Chinese Medicine, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, dressing change procedure, acupuncture and massage. The evaluation method was carried out by comparing the students’ performance and a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the students’ evaluation of the teaching method. Results: The test scores of total scores in the experimental group (90.12 ± 5.89) were all higher than those in the control group (81.47 ± 7.96) (t = 4.53, P P Conclusions: The teaching process of the flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method is conducive to improving the efficiency of classroom teaching, cultivating students’ self-learning ability, and enhancing students’ willingness to learn.展开更多
An effective quality control system is the key to ensuring the quality, safety and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs). However, the current quality standard research lacks top-level design and systematic ...An effective quality control system is the key to ensuring the quality, safety and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs). However, the current quality standard research lacks top-level design and systematic design,mostly based on specific technologies or evaluation methods. To resolve the challenges and questions of quality control of TCMs, a brand-new quality standard system, named "iVarious", was proposed. The system comprises eight elements in a modular format. Meaning of every element was specifically illustrated via corresponding research instances. Furthermore, frankincense study was taken as an example for demonstrating standards and research process, based on the "i Various" system. This system highlighted a holistic strategy for effectiveness,security, integrity and systematization of quality and safety control standards of TCMs. The establishment of"i Various" integrates multi-disciplinary technologies and progressive methods, basis elements and key points of standard construction. The system provides a novel idea and technological demonstration for regulation establishment of TCMs quality standards.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate whether glaucomatous visual field defect particularly the pattern standard deviation(PSD)of Humphrey visual field could be associated with visual evoked potential(VEP)parameters of patients having prim...AIM:To evaluate whether glaucomatous visual field defect particularly the pattern standard deviation(PSD)of Humphrey visual field could be associated with visual evoked potential(VEP)parameters of patients having primary open angle glaucoma(POAG).METHODS:Visual field by Humphrey perimetry and simultaneous recordings of pattern reversal visual evoked potential(PRVEP)were assessed in 100 patients with POAG.The stimulus configuration for VEP recordings consisted of the transient pattern reversal method in which a black and white checker board pattern was generated(full field)and displayed on VEP monitor(colour 14')by an electronic pattern regenerator inbuilt in an evoked potential recorder(RMS EMG EP MARK II).RESULTS:The results of our study indicate that there is a highly significant(P【0.001)negative correlation of P100 amplitude and a statistically significant(P【0.05)positive correlation of N70 latency,P100 latency and N155 latency with the PSD of Humphrey visual field in the subjects of POAG in various age groups as evaluated by Student’s t-test.CONCLUSION:Prolongation of VEP latencies were mirrored by a corresponding increase of PSD values.Conversely,as PSD increases the magnitude of VEP excursions were found to be diminished.展开更多
The size distribution of the broken top coal blocks is an important factor,affecting the recovery ratio and the efficiency of drawing top coal in longwall top coal caving(LTCC)mining panel.The standard deviation of to...The size distribution of the broken top coal blocks is an important factor,affecting the recovery ratio and the efficiency of drawing top coal in longwall top coal caving(LTCC)mining panel.The standard deviation of top coal block size(dt)is one of the main parameters to reflect the size distribution of top coal.To find the effect of dt on the caving mechanism,this study simulates experiments with 9 different dt by using discrete element software PFC.The dt is divided into two stages:uniform distribution stage(UDS)whose dt is less than 0.1(Schemes 1–5),and nonuniform distribution stage(NDS)whose dt is more than 0.1(Schemes 6–9).This research mainly investigates the variation of recovery ratio,drawing body shape,boundary of top coal,and contact force between particles in the two stages,respectively.The results showed that with the increasing dt,the recovery ratio of the panel increases first and then decreases in UDS.It is the largest in Scheme 3,which mainly increases the drawing volume at the side of starting drawing end.However,the recovery ratio decreases first and then increases quickly in NDS,and it is the largest in Scheme 9,where the drawing volume at the side of finishing drawing end are relatively higher.In UDS,the major size of top coal is basically medium,while in NDS,the size varies from medium to small,and then to large,with a distinct difference in shape and volume of the drawing body.When the major size of top coal is medium and small,the cross-section width of the initial boundary of top coal at each height is relatively small.Conversely,when the top coal size is large,the initial boundary of top coal has a larger opening range,the rotating angle of lower boundary is relatively small in the normal drawing stage,which is conducive to the development of drawing body and reduces the residual top coal,and the maximum particle velocity and the particles movement angle are both larger.This study lays a foundation for the prediction of recovery ratio,and suggests that the uniform top coal is more manageable and has a larger recovery ratio.展开更多
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is the medical science based on theories and practicing experience of traditional Chinese medicine to study transferring principles of health and sickness,as well as prevention, diag...Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is the medical science based on theories and practicing experience of traditional Chinese medicine to study transferring principles of health and sickness,as well as prevention, diagnosis,treatment,rehabilitation and healthcare.TCM is marked with its long history of development,integrated theory system and abundant practicing experience.展开更多
Regularization method is an effective method for solving ill\|posed equation. In this paper the unbiased estimation formula of unit weight standard deviation in the regularization solution is derived and the formula i...Regularization method is an effective method for solving ill\|posed equation. In this paper the unbiased estimation formula of unit weight standard deviation in the regularization solution is derived and the formula is verified with numerical case of 1 000 sample data by use of the typical ill\|posed equation, i.e. the Fredholm integration equation of the first kind.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) contains profound scientific connotation and has great potential in guiding the future development of bioscience,thus becoming the Chinese Treasure of Ancient Science and the Key to O...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) contains profound scientific connotation and has great potential in guiding the future development of bioscience,thus becoming the Chinese Treasure of Ancient Science and the Key to Open the Treasury of Chinese Civilization. 13^(th) Five-Year Special Project for Scientific Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine has proposed to promote the standardization and internalization of TCM,including implementation of TCM standardized action,establishment of TCM standard system to complete system and adapt development requirements,establishment of a standard system for TCM that can complete system and meets the requirement of development to capture the advantages in international standardization competition,so as to seize the leadership and discourse power in the establishment of TCM international standardization;to promote the implementing great scientific TCM plan to accelerate the international registration of brand-name and high-quality TCM,expedite TCM service and products entering into international main markets of medicines and heath care,propel the scientific cooperation and application of TCM in various countries along One Belt and One Road(B & R),and create Chinese standards and brands,so as to promote the TCM moving towards the whole world.展开更多
The evidence-based Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) nursing in standard plan is to be constructed by a combination of evidence-based thinking and expert consensus.(1) The symptoms of diseases with better curative eff...The evidence-based Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) nursing in standard plan is to be constructed by a combination of evidence-based thinking and expert consensus.(1) The symptoms of diseases with better curative effect in TCM and the nursing techniques of TCM based on scientific evidence can be preliminarily presented through bibliometric analysis.(2) Expert consultation letters can be developed based on bibliometric results, and symptoms of dominant diseases in TCM and TCM nursing techniques can be selected through those letters.(3) Based on the selected symptoms and TCM nursing techniques, the PICO can be determined, and then evidence search, evidence extraction, evidence analysis can be conducted and synthesized, and recommendations would be chosen.(4) The recommendation grade of each recommendation can be determined by applying the Delphi method and referring to GRADE.(5) The plan will be determined through discussions of experts. The construction of TCM nursing plan would make sure that TCM nursing is scientific, and internationalize TCM nursing.展开更多
The standardization of terms and definitions is fundamental to all activities in the domain of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).For decades,definitions of TCM terminology relied on conventional verbal representations...The standardization of terms and definitions is fundamental to all activities in the domain of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).For decades,definitions of TCM terminology relied on conventional verbal representations to differentiate between related concepts.However,the ancient Chinese is obscure and comprises a massive volume of information,making it difficult to convey the definition accurately in other languages.This article proposes a potential solution that the definition for pulse terminology can be supplemented by modern means of non-verbal representation,i.e.,using pulse waveform graphs and parameters to complete the definition of each pulse.A discussion of the challenges of obtaining reliable data is also included.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is indubitably on the top of Chinese cultural treasures,deeplyimpressed in the mind of Chinese people.Unfortunately,TCM is facing difficulties in the route towardsinternationalization,...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is indubitably on the top of Chinese cultural treasures,deeplyimpressed in the mind of Chinese people.Unfortunately,TCM is facing difficulties in the route towardsinternationalization,up till now,TCM has not yet been granted a legal position for clinical practice in aconsiderable number of countries.So it is our responsibility tO make TCM internationalized and push TCMtobe accepted world—wide,even though we know that it is a long way to go.展开更多
Objective:The objective of this study is to establish a nursing standard of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine for patients with COVID‑19(mild and common)in Beijing,to provide reference for clinical n...Objective:The objective of this study is to establish a nursing standard of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine for patients with COVID‑19(mild and common)in Beijing,to provide reference for clinical nursing of patients with COVID‑19(mild and common).Methods:Through online communication meeting with nurses who are in the frontline of anti‑epidemic,clinical investigation,literature research,and expert demonstration meeting are carried out to prepare the draft of the standard,and the Delphi method is applied to determine the standard of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine care for patients with COVID‑19(mild and common)in Beijing.Results:The nursing standard of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine for patients with COVID‑19(mild and common)was established,which included 5 first‑level indicators,14 second-level indicators and 60 third‑level indicators.After two rounds of Delphi method,the positive coefficients of experts were 96%and 83%,the authoritative coefficients of experts were 0.89 and 0.91,and the Kendall’s coefficient of concordance(W)of experts were 0.12,0.09,0.10,0.13(P<0.05)and 0.44,0.43,0.37,0.39(P<0.05).Conclusion:The standard of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine nursing for patients with COVID‑19(mild and common)in Beijing constructed by the Delphi method is scientific and practical,which provides a reference for clinical application of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine nursing to fight against COVID‑19 infection.展开更多
Standardization of translation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) terms has been the focus of TCM translation for a long time; and it is the important force to enhance the steps of TCM internationalization. The stan...Standardization of translation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) terms has been the focus of TCM translation for a long time; and it is the important force to enhance the steps of TCM internationalization. The standardization of translation of TCM terms is also the key to promote the theoretical research of TCM translation and the international exchange and scientific research.展开更多
X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis utilizes particle size which is resulted from milling of a material. The milling ensures uniform and fine grained powder. The finer and more uniform the particle size is, the better t...X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis utilizes particle size which is resulted from milling of a material. The milling ensures uniform and fine grained powder. The finer and more uniform the particle size is, the better the result and easier it is for material quality control. To ensure uniformity in particle size and finer powder, a comparative analysis was conducted with different grinding aids and pressed pellet method was used in obtaining analysis results. Pressed pellets of cement raw meal sample milled with different grinding aids (graphite, aspirin and lithium borate) were subjected to XRF. Graphite produced better particle size uniformity with a corresponding standard deviation that made quality control of raw meal easier and better than aspirin and lithium borate.展开更多
The current attempt is aimed to outline the geometrical framework of a well known statistical problem, concerning the explicit expression of the arithmetic mean standard deviation distribution. To this respect, after ...The current attempt is aimed to outline the geometrical framework of a well known statistical problem, concerning the explicit expression of the arithmetic mean standard deviation distribution. To this respect, after a short exposition, three steps are performed as 1) formulation of the arithmetic mean standard deviation, , as a function of the errors, , which, by themselves, are statistically independent;2) formulation of the arithmetic mean standard deviation distribution, , as a function of the errors,;3) formulation of the arithmetic mean standard deviation distribution, , as a function of the arithmetic mean standard deviation, , and the arithmetic mean rms error, . The integration domain can be expressed in canonical form after a change of reference frame in the n-space, which is recognized as an infinitely thin n-cylindrical corona where the symmetry axis coincides with a coordinate axis. Finally, the solution is presented and a number of (well known) related parameters are inferred for sake of completeness.展开更多
Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine Jianpi Qushi powder combined with standard anti-HP quadruple therapy in the treatment of HP infectious gastritis with spleen deficiency and ...Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine Jianpi Qushi powder combined with standard anti-HP quadruple therapy in the treatment of HP infectious gastritis with spleen deficiency and dampness stagnation. Methods: From January 2020 to December 2021, 223 patients with laboratory-confirmed HP infection who were admitted to the Outpatient and Inpatient Department of Internal Medicine in our hospital were selected as the research objects and randomly divided into two groups. 101 patients in the control group were given standard anti HP quadruple therapy;122 cases in the treatment group were given traditional Chinese medicine Jianpi Qushi powder combined with standard anti HP quadruple therapy. The two groups were rechecked carbon breath test after the designed course of treatment, and the curative effects of the two groups were compared. Results: 113 cases in the treatment group were cured by traditional Chinese medicine Jianpi Qushi powder combined with standard anti HP quadruple therapy, and the cure rate was 92.62%. 84 cases in the control group were cured by standard anti HP quadruple therapy, and the cure rate was 83.17%, χ<sup>2</sup> = 4.7955, P = 0.0285, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Traditional Chinese medicine Jianpi Qushi powder combined with standard anti HP quadruple therapy in the treatment of HP infectious gastritis with spleen deficiency and dampness stagnation is one of the best treatment schemes for HP infection. The results of this study achieve the best clinical treatment effect, and provide a more valuable and reliable method for the treatment of gastropathy in clinical internal medicine, which is worthy of popularization and application.展开更多
Automated segmentation of white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) is a very important task for detecting multiple diseases. The paper proposed a simple method for WM and GM extraction form magnetic resonance imaging (M...Automated segmentation of white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) is a very important task for detecting multiple diseases. The paper proposed a simple method for WM and GM extraction form magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain. The proposed methods based on binarization, wavelet decomposition, and convexhull produce very effective results in the context of visual inspection and as well as quantifiably. It tested on three different (Transvers, Sagittal, Coronal) types of MRI of brain image and the validation of experiment indicate accurate detection and segmentation of the interesting structures or particular region of MRI of brain image.展开更多
A high-performance liquid chromatographic method was applied to the determination of stachydrine hydrochloride concentration in TJF granule (Chinese name: Tiao-Jing-Fang), using a mobile phase of methanol-acetonitrile...A high-performance liquid chromatographic method was applied to the determination of stachydrine hydrochloride concentration in TJF granule (Chinese name: Tiao-Jing-Fang), using a mobile phase of methanol-acetonitrile (50:50, v/v) by the Agilent Kromasi NH2 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm, S/N: 22N25110). Detection wavelength was 201 nm. The result revealed good linearity of stachydrine hydrochloride and was obtained within the range of 0.20 - 1.98 μg/mL (R = 0.9995). The average recovery was 97.01%;the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 0.19%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report dedicated to the determination of stachydrine hydrochloride by the evaporative light scattering detector-high-performance liquid chromatographic (ELSD-HPLC) method.展开更多
Two additional features are particularly useful in pixelwise satellite data segmentation using neural networks: one results from local window averaging around each pixel (MWA) and another uses a standard deviation est...Two additional features are particularly useful in pixelwise satellite data segmentation using neural networks: one results from local window averaging around each pixel (MWA) and another uses a standard deviation estimator (MWSD) instead of the average. While the former’s complexity has already been solved to a satisfying minimum, the latter did not. This article proposes a new algorithm that can substitute a <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">naive</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> MWSD, by making the complexi</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ty of the computational process fall from </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">O</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">N</span></i><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n</span></i><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) to </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">O</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">N</span></i></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, where </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">N</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is a square</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> input array side, and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is the moving window’s side length. The Num</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ba python compiler was used to make python a competitive high-performance</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">computing language in our optimizations. Our results show efficiency benchmars</span>展开更多
With the promulgation of the National Standard for the Teaching Quality of Undergraduate Majors in Ordinary Colleges and Universities, the state has made clear regulations on the standard for the cultivation of Chines...With the promulgation of the National Standard for the Teaching Quality of Undergraduate Majors in Ordinary Colleges and Universities, the state has made clear regulations on the standard for the cultivation of Chinese pharmacy talents. Based on their own actual conditions, major colleges and universities have implemented different talent training modes, including talent training modes of running talent classes, "2+1+1", "Chinese Medicine Research Practice Class", employment-oriented professional talent training mode, three-level three-type diversified talent training mode, and talent training mode oriented with adapting to the characteristics of ethnic regions. Various talent training modes have different training objectives, and corresponding training programs are formulated to meet the requirements of the National Standard for the Teaching Quality of Undergraduate Majors in Ordinary Colleges and Universities. In addition, according to the notice on Solidly Promoting Labor Education into the "National Standard for the Teaching Quality of Undergraduate Majors in Ordinary Colleges and Universities" issued by the Department of Higher Education of the Ministry of Education, the introduction of labor education to the teaching of Chinese pharmacy majors will be a trend, and Chinese pharmacy professionals are required to achieve comprehensive and coordinated development of morality, intelligence, physique, beauty, and labor. How to integrate labor education with high quality and high efficiency into the training of Chinese pharmacy professionals is a problem that major universities will think about.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72373117)the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund(Z1010422003)+1 种基金the Major Project of the Key Research Base of Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education(22JJD790052)the Qinchuangyuan Project of Shaanxi Province(QCYRCXM-2022-145).
文摘Improving cultivated land use eco-efficiency(CLUE)can effectively promote agricultural sustainability,particularly in developing countries where CLUE is generally low.This study used provincial-level data from China to evaluate the spatiotemporal evolution of CLUE from 2000 to 2020 and identified the influencing factors of CLUE by using a panel Tobit model.In addition,given the undesirable outputs of agricultural production,we incorporated carbon emissions and nonpoint source pollution into the global benchmark-undesirable output-super efficiency-slacks-based measure(GB-US-SBM)model,which combines global benchmark technology,undesirable output,super efficiency,and slacks-based measure.The results indicated that there was an upward trend in CLUE in China from 2000 to 2020,with an increase rate of 2.62%.The temporal evolution of CLUE in China could be classified into three distinct stages:a period of fluctuating decrease(2000-2007),a phase of gradual increase(2008-2014),and a period of rapid growth(2015-2020).The major grain-producing areas(MPAs)had a lower CLUE than their counterparts,namely,non-major grain-production areas(non-MPAs).The spatial agglomeration effect followed a northeast-southwest strip distribution;and the movement path of barycentre revealed a"P"shape,with Luoyang City,Henan Province,as the centre.In terms of influencing factors of CLUE,investment in science and technology played the most vital role in improving CLUE,while irrigation index had the most negative effect.It should be noted that these two influencing factors had different impacts on MPAs and non-MPAs.Therefore,relevant departments should formulate policies to enhance the level of science and technology,improve irrigation condition,and promote sustainable utilization of cultivated land.
文摘Objective: To explore the application effect of flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method in clinical skills teaching of standardized training for resident doctors of traditional Chinese Medicine. Methods: The study used the experimental control method. The study lasted from September to November 2022. The subjects of this study were 49 students of standardized training for resident doctors of traditional Chinese Medicine from grades 2020, 2021 and 2022 of Dazhou integrated TCM & Western Medicine Hospital. They were randomly divided into experiment group (25) and control group (24). The experiment group adopted flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method, and the control group adopted traditional teaching method. The teaching content was 4 basic clinical skill projects, including four diagnoses of traditional Chinese Medicine, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, dressing change procedure, acupuncture and massage. The evaluation method was carried out by comparing the students’ performance and a self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the students’ evaluation of the teaching method. Results: The test scores of total scores in the experimental group (90.12 ± 5.89) were all higher than those in the control group (81.47 ± 7.96) (t = 4.53, P P Conclusions: The teaching process of the flipped classroom combined with problem-based learning teaching method is conducive to improving the efficiency of classroom teaching, cultivating students’ self-learning ability, and enhancing students’ willingness to learn.
基金financial support from National Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for "Significant New Drugs Development" (2014ZX09304307-002)Youth Development Research Foundation of NIFDC (2013WA8)the National Natural Foundation of China (81303214)
文摘An effective quality control system is the key to ensuring the quality, safety and efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines(TCMs). However, the current quality standard research lacks top-level design and systematic design,mostly based on specific technologies or evaluation methods. To resolve the challenges and questions of quality control of TCMs, a brand-new quality standard system, named "iVarious", was proposed. The system comprises eight elements in a modular format. Meaning of every element was specifically illustrated via corresponding research instances. Furthermore, frankincense study was taken as an example for demonstrating standards and research process, based on the "i Various" system. This system highlighted a holistic strategy for effectiveness,security, integrity and systematization of quality and safety control standards of TCMs. The establishment of"i Various" integrates multi-disciplinary technologies and progressive methods, basis elements and key points of standard construction. The system provides a novel idea and technological demonstration for regulation establishment of TCMs quality standards.
文摘AIM:To evaluate whether glaucomatous visual field defect particularly the pattern standard deviation(PSD)of Humphrey visual field could be associated with visual evoked potential(VEP)parameters of patients having primary open angle glaucoma(POAG).METHODS:Visual field by Humphrey perimetry and simultaneous recordings of pattern reversal visual evoked potential(PRVEP)were assessed in 100 patients with POAG.The stimulus configuration for VEP recordings consisted of the transient pattern reversal method in which a black and white checker board pattern was generated(full field)and displayed on VEP monitor(colour 14')by an electronic pattern regenerator inbuilt in an evoked potential recorder(RMS EMG EP MARK II).RESULTS:The results of our study indicate that there is a highly significant(P【0.001)negative correlation of P100 amplitude and a statistically significant(P【0.05)positive correlation of N70 latency,P100 latency and N155 latency with the PSD of Humphrey visual field in the subjects of POAG in various age groups as evaluated by Student’s t-test.CONCLUSION:Prolongation of VEP latencies were mirrored by a corresponding increase of PSD values.Conversely,as PSD increases the magnitude of VEP excursions were found to be diminished.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Plan of China,China(Grant No.2018YFC0604501)the Natural Science Foundation of China,China(Grant Nos.51934008,51674264,51904305)the Research Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining,CUMT,China(Grant No.SKLCRSM19KF023).
文摘The size distribution of the broken top coal blocks is an important factor,affecting the recovery ratio and the efficiency of drawing top coal in longwall top coal caving(LTCC)mining panel.The standard deviation of top coal block size(dt)is one of the main parameters to reflect the size distribution of top coal.To find the effect of dt on the caving mechanism,this study simulates experiments with 9 different dt by using discrete element software PFC.The dt is divided into two stages:uniform distribution stage(UDS)whose dt is less than 0.1(Schemes 1–5),and nonuniform distribution stage(NDS)whose dt is more than 0.1(Schemes 6–9).This research mainly investigates the variation of recovery ratio,drawing body shape,boundary of top coal,and contact force between particles in the two stages,respectively.The results showed that with the increasing dt,the recovery ratio of the panel increases first and then decreases in UDS.It is the largest in Scheme 3,which mainly increases the drawing volume at the side of starting drawing end.However,the recovery ratio decreases first and then increases quickly in NDS,and it is the largest in Scheme 9,where the drawing volume at the side of finishing drawing end are relatively higher.In UDS,the major size of top coal is basically medium,while in NDS,the size varies from medium to small,and then to large,with a distinct difference in shape and volume of the drawing body.When the major size of top coal is medium and small,the cross-section width of the initial boundary of top coal at each height is relatively small.Conversely,when the top coal size is large,the initial boundary of top coal has a larger opening range,the rotating angle of lower boundary is relatively small in the normal drawing stage,which is conducive to the development of drawing body and reduces the residual top coal,and the maximum particle velocity and the particles movement angle are both larger.This study lays a foundation for the prediction of recovery ratio,and suggests that the uniform top coal is more manageable and has a larger recovery ratio.
文摘Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is the medical science based on theories and practicing experience of traditional Chinese medicine to study transferring principles of health and sickness,as well as prevention, diagnosis,treatment,rehabilitation and healthcare.TCM is marked with its long history of development,integrated theory system and abundant practicing experience.
文摘Regularization method is an effective method for solving ill\|posed equation. In this paper the unbiased estimation formula of unit weight standard deviation in the regularization solution is derived and the formula is verified with numerical case of 1 000 sample data by use of the typical ill\|posed equation, i.e. the Fredholm integration equation of the first kind.
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) contains profound scientific connotation and has great potential in guiding the future development of bioscience,thus becoming the Chinese Treasure of Ancient Science and the Key to Open the Treasury of Chinese Civilization. 13^(th) Five-Year Special Project for Scientific Innovation of Traditional Chinese Medicine has proposed to promote the standardization and internalization of TCM,including implementation of TCM standardized action,establishment of TCM standard system to complete system and adapt development requirements,establishment of a standard system for TCM that can complete system and meets the requirement of development to capture the advantages in international standardization competition,so as to seize the leadership and discourse power in the establishment of TCM international standardization;to promote the implementing great scientific TCM plan to accelerate the international registration of brand-name and high-quality TCM,expedite TCM service and products entering into international main markets of medicines and heath care,propel the scientific cooperation and application of TCM in various countries along One Belt and One Road(B & R),and create Chinese standards and brands,so as to promote the TCM moving towards the whole world.
文摘The evidence-based Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) nursing in standard plan is to be constructed by a combination of evidence-based thinking and expert consensus.(1) The symptoms of diseases with better curative effect in TCM and the nursing techniques of TCM based on scientific evidence can be preliminarily presented through bibliometric analysis.(2) Expert consultation letters can be developed based on bibliometric results, and symptoms of dominant diseases in TCM and TCM nursing techniques can be selected through those letters.(3) Based on the selected symptoms and TCM nursing techniques, the PICO can be determined, and then evidence search, evidence extraction, evidence analysis can be conducted and synthesized, and recommendations would be chosen.(4) The recommendation grade of each recommendation can be determined by applying the Delphi method and referring to GRADE.(5) The plan will be determined through discussions of experts. The construction of TCM nursing plan would make sure that TCM nursing is scientific, and internationalize TCM nursing.
基金This study was financed by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82074332)Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(No.19441901100)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Health Identification and Assessment(NO.21DZ2271000).
文摘The standardization of terms and definitions is fundamental to all activities in the domain of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).For decades,definitions of TCM terminology relied on conventional verbal representations to differentiate between related concepts.However,the ancient Chinese is obscure and comprises a massive volume of information,making it difficult to convey the definition accurately in other languages.This article proposes a potential solution that the definition for pulse terminology can be supplemented by modern means of non-verbal representation,i.e.,using pulse waveform graphs and parameters to complete the definition of each pulse.A discussion of the challenges of obtaining reliable data is also included.
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is indubitably on the top of Chinese cultural treasures,deeplyimpressed in the mind of Chinese people.Unfortunately,TCM is facing difficulties in the route towardsinternationalization,up till now,TCM has not yet been granted a legal position for clinical practice in aconsiderable number of countries.So it is our responsibility tO make TCM internationalized and push TCMtobe accepted world—wide,even though we know that it is a long way to go.
文摘Objective:The objective of this study is to establish a nursing standard of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine for patients with COVID‑19(mild and common)in Beijing,to provide reference for clinical nursing of patients with COVID‑19(mild and common).Methods:Through online communication meeting with nurses who are in the frontline of anti‑epidemic,clinical investigation,literature research,and expert demonstration meeting are carried out to prepare the draft of the standard,and the Delphi method is applied to determine the standard of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine care for patients with COVID‑19(mild and common)in Beijing.Results:The nursing standard of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine for patients with COVID‑19(mild and common)was established,which included 5 first‑level indicators,14 second-level indicators and 60 third‑level indicators.After two rounds of Delphi method,the positive coefficients of experts were 96%and 83%,the authoritative coefficients of experts were 0.89 and 0.91,and the Kendall’s coefficient of concordance(W)of experts were 0.12,0.09,0.10,0.13(P<0.05)and 0.44,0.43,0.37,0.39(P<0.05).Conclusion:The standard of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine nursing for patients with COVID‑19(mild and common)in Beijing constructed by the Delphi method is scientific and practical,which provides a reference for clinical application of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine nursing to fight against COVID‑19 infection.
文摘Standardization of translation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) terms has been the focus of TCM translation for a long time; and it is the important force to enhance the steps of TCM internationalization. The standardization of translation of TCM terms is also the key to promote the theoretical research of TCM translation and the international exchange and scientific research.
文摘X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis utilizes particle size which is resulted from milling of a material. The milling ensures uniform and fine grained powder. The finer and more uniform the particle size is, the better the result and easier it is for material quality control. To ensure uniformity in particle size and finer powder, a comparative analysis was conducted with different grinding aids and pressed pellet method was used in obtaining analysis results. Pressed pellets of cement raw meal sample milled with different grinding aids (graphite, aspirin and lithium borate) were subjected to XRF. Graphite produced better particle size uniformity with a corresponding standard deviation that made quality control of raw meal easier and better than aspirin and lithium borate.
文摘The current attempt is aimed to outline the geometrical framework of a well known statistical problem, concerning the explicit expression of the arithmetic mean standard deviation distribution. To this respect, after a short exposition, three steps are performed as 1) formulation of the arithmetic mean standard deviation, , as a function of the errors, , which, by themselves, are statistically independent;2) formulation of the arithmetic mean standard deviation distribution, , as a function of the errors,;3) formulation of the arithmetic mean standard deviation distribution, , as a function of the arithmetic mean standard deviation, , and the arithmetic mean rms error, . The integration domain can be expressed in canonical form after a change of reference frame in the n-space, which is recognized as an infinitely thin n-cylindrical corona where the symmetry axis coincides with a coordinate axis. Finally, the solution is presented and a number of (well known) related parameters are inferred for sake of completeness.
文摘Objective: To explore the therapeutic effect of traditional Chinese medicine Jianpi Qushi powder combined with standard anti-HP quadruple therapy in the treatment of HP infectious gastritis with spleen deficiency and dampness stagnation. Methods: From January 2020 to December 2021, 223 patients with laboratory-confirmed HP infection who were admitted to the Outpatient and Inpatient Department of Internal Medicine in our hospital were selected as the research objects and randomly divided into two groups. 101 patients in the control group were given standard anti HP quadruple therapy;122 cases in the treatment group were given traditional Chinese medicine Jianpi Qushi powder combined with standard anti HP quadruple therapy. The two groups were rechecked carbon breath test after the designed course of treatment, and the curative effects of the two groups were compared. Results: 113 cases in the treatment group were cured by traditional Chinese medicine Jianpi Qushi powder combined with standard anti HP quadruple therapy, and the cure rate was 92.62%. 84 cases in the control group were cured by standard anti HP quadruple therapy, and the cure rate was 83.17%, χ<sup>2</sup> = 4.7955, P = 0.0285, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Traditional Chinese medicine Jianpi Qushi powder combined with standard anti HP quadruple therapy in the treatment of HP infectious gastritis with spleen deficiency and dampness stagnation is one of the best treatment schemes for HP infection. The results of this study achieve the best clinical treatment effect, and provide a more valuable and reliable method for the treatment of gastropathy in clinical internal medicine, which is worthy of popularization and application.
文摘Automated segmentation of white matter (WM) and gray matter (GM) is a very important task for detecting multiple diseases. The paper proposed a simple method for WM and GM extraction form magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of brain. The proposed methods based on binarization, wavelet decomposition, and convexhull produce very effective results in the context of visual inspection and as well as quantifiably. It tested on three different (Transvers, Sagittal, Coronal) types of MRI of brain image and the validation of experiment indicate accurate detection and segmentation of the interesting structures or particular region of MRI of brain image.
文摘A high-performance liquid chromatographic method was applied to the determination of stachydrine hydrochloride concentration in TJF granule (Chinese name: Tiao-Jing-Fang), using a mobile phase of methanol-acetonitrile (50:50, v/v) by the Agilent Kromasi NH2 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm, S/N: 22N25110). Detection wavelength was 201 nm. The result revealed good linearity of stachydrine hydrochloride and was obtained within the range of 0.20 - 1.98 μg/mL (R = 0.9995). The average recovery was 97.01%;the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 0.19%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report dedicated to the determination of stachydrine hydrochloride by the evaporative light scattering detector-high-performance liquid chromatographic (ELSD-HPLC) method.
文摘Two additional features are particularly useful in pixelwise satellite data segmentation using neural networks: one results from local window averaging around each pixel (MWA) and another uses a standard deviation estimator (MWSD) instead of the average. While the former’s complexity has already been solved to a satisfying minimum, the latter did not. This article proposes a new algorithm that can substitute a <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">naive</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> MWSD, by making the complexi</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ty of the computational process fall from </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">O</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">N</span></i><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n</span></i><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) to </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">O</span></i><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">N</span></i></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2</span></sup><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, where </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">N</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is a square</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> input array side, and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> is the moving window’s side length. The Num</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ba python compiler was used to make python a competitive high-performance</span> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">computing language in our optimizations. Our results show efficiency benchmars</span>
基金Supported by the Undergraduate Teaching Reform Engineering Project of Higher Education in Guangxi (No.2018JGA189)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhuang and Yao Ethnic Medicine (Guijiaokeyan [2013] No.20)+2 种基金Guangxi Key Laboratory of Zhuang and Yao Ethnic Medicine (Guikejizi [2014] No.32)Guangxi Engineering Research Center of Ethnic Medicine Resources and Application (Guifa Gai High Technology Letter [2020] No.2605)Philosophy and Social Science Planning Research Project of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (20BMZ005)。
文摘With the promulgation of the National Standard for the Teaching Quality of Undergraduate Majors in Ordinary Colleges and Universities, the state has made clear regulations on the standard for the cultivation of Chinese pharmacy talents. Based on their own actual conditions, major colleges and universities have implemented different talent training modes, including talent training modes of running talent classes, "2+1+1", "Chinese Medicine Research Practice Class", employment-oriented professional talent training mode, three-level three-type diversified talent training mode, and talent training mode oriented with adapting to the characteristics of ethnic regions. Various talent training modes have different training objectives, and corresponding training programs are formulated to meet the requirements of the National Standard for the Teaching Quality of Undergraduate Majors in Ordinary Colleges and Universities. In addition, according to the notice on Solidly Promoting Labor Education into the "National Standard for the Teaching Quality of Undergraduate Majors in Ordinary Colleges and Universities" issued by the Department of Higher Education of the Ministry of Education, the introduction of labor education to the teaching of Chinese pharmacy majors will be a trend, and Chinese pharmacy professionals are required to achieve comprehensive and coordinated development of morality, intelligence, physique, beauty, and labor. How to integrate labor education with high quality and high efficiency into the training of Chinese pharmacy professionals is a problem that major universities will think about.