Frequencies of frequency standards are shifted by the local static gravity red shifts and also modulated by the tidal relativistic red shifts. We compute the tidal relativistic red shifts using a time-domain method an...Frequencies of frequency standards are shifted by the local static gravity red shifts and also modulated by the tidal relativistic red shifts. We compute the tidal relativistic red shifts using a time-domain method and present the numerical results for the National Institute of Metrology (NIM) in Beijing, Laboratoire National de Metrologie et Essais-Systeme de References Temps-Espaee (LNE-SYRTE) in Paris and Physikalisch-Teehnische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in Braunschweig. The differences of the tidal relativistic red shift approach as large as 1.1 × 10^-16 when frequency standards at NIM are compared with those at SYRTE and PTB. Moreover, the tidal relativistic red shifts of frequency standards in space stations are also computed.展开更多
The current attempt is aimed to outline the geometrical framework of a well known statistical problem, concerning the explicit expression of the arithmetic mean standard deviation distribution. To this respect, after ...The current attempt is aimed to outline the geometrical framework of a well known statistical problem, concerning the explicit expression of the arithmetic mean standard deviation distribution. To this respect, after a short exposition, three steps are performed as 1) formulation of the arithmetic mean standard deviation, , as a function of the errors, , which, by themselves, are statistically independent;2) formulation of the arithmetic mean standard deviation distribution, , as a function of the errors,;3) formulation of the arithmetic mean standard deviation distribution, , as a function of the arithmetic mean standard deviation, , and the arithmetic mean rms error, . The integration domain can be expressed in canonical form after a change of reference frame in the n-space, which is recognized as an infinitely thin n-cylindrical corona where the symmetry axis coincides with a coordinate axis. Finally, the solution is presented and a number of (well known) related parameters are inferred for sake of completeness.展开更多
This research paper describes the design and implementation of the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) standards REF _Ref401069962 \r \h \* MERGEFORMAT [1] for Space Data Link Layer Protocol (SDLP). ...This research paper describes the design and implementation of the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) standards REF _Ref401069962 \r \h \* MERGEFORMAT [1] for Space Data Link Layer Protocol (SDLP). The primer focus is the telecommand (TC) part of the standard. The implementation of the standard was in the form of DLL functions using C++ programming language. The second objective of this paper was to use the DLL functions with OMNeT++ simulating environment to create a simulator in order to analyze the mean end-to-end Packet Delay, maximum achievable application layer throughput for a given fixed link capacity and normalized protocol overhead, defined as the total number of bytes transmitted on the link in a given period of time (e.g. per second) divided by the number of bytes of application data received at the application layer model data sink. In addition, the DLL was also integrated with Ground Support Equipment Operating System (GSEOS), a software system for space instruments and small spacecrafts especially suited for low budget missions. The SDLP is designed for rapid test system design and high flexibility for changing telemetry and command requirements. GSEOS can be seamlessly moved from EM/FM development (bench testing) to flight operations. It features the Python programming language as a configuration/scripting tool and can easily be extended to accommodate custom hardware interfaces. This paper also shows the results of the simulations and its analysis.展开更多
The current attempt is aimed to extend previous results, concerning the explicit expression of the arithmetic mean standard deviation distribution, to the general case of the weighted mean standard deviation distribut...The current attempt is aimed to extend previous results, concerning the explicit expression of the arithmetic mean standard deviation distribution, to the general case of the weighted mean standard deviation distribution. To this respect, the integration domain is expressed in canonical form after a change of reference frame in the n-space, which is recognized as an infinitely thin n-cylindrical corona where the axis coincides with a coordinate axis and the orthogonal section is an infinitely thin, homotetic (n-1)-elliptical corona. The semiaxes are formulated in two different ways, namely in terms of (1) eigenvalues, via the eigenvalue equation, and (2) leading principal minors of the matrix of a quadratic form, via the Jacobi formulae. The distribution and related parameters have the same formal expression with respect to their counterparts in the special case where the weighted mean coincides with the arithmetic mean. The reduction of some results to ordinary geometry is also considered.展开更多
Three classical compactification procedures are presented with nonstandard flavour. This is to illustrate the applicability of Nonstandard analytic tool to beginners interested in Nonstandard analytic methods. The gen...Three classical compactification procedures are presented with nonstandard flavour. This is to illustrate the applicability of Nonstandard analytic tool to beginners interested in Nonstandard analytic methods. The general procedure is as follows: A suitable equivalence relation is defined on an enlargement <sup>*</sup><em>X </em>of the space <em>X</em> which is a completely regular space or a locally compact Hausdorff space or a locally compact Abelian group. Accordingly, every <em>f</em> in <em>C</em>(<em>X</em>,<em>R</em>) (the space of bounded continuous real valued functions on <em>X</em>) or <em>Cc</em>(<em>X</em>,<em>R</em>) (the space of continuous real valued functions on <em>X</em> with compact support) or the dual group <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Γ </span>of the locally compact Abelian group <em>G</em> is extended to the set <img alt="" src="Edit_b9535172-924d-44f0-bab3-c49db17a3b7a.png" /> of the above mentioned equivalence classes. A compact topology on <img alt="" src="Edit_9d7962a3-b8a3-4693-b62a-078c8c4b4853.png" /> is obtained as the weak topology generated by these extensions of <em>f</em>. Then <em>X</em> is naturally imbedded densely in <img alt="" src="Edit_f7d403b2-eff3-4555-b8e7-1b106e06d2e7.png" />.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to show how the dark matter predictions of FSC differ with respect to the standard cosmology assertion of a universal dark matter-to-visible matter ratio of approximately 5.3-to-1. FSC pre...The purpose of this paper is to show how the dark matter predictions of FSC differ with respect to the standard cosmology assertion of a universal dark matter-to-visible matter ratio of approximately 5.3-to-1. FSC predicts the correct ratio to be approximately 9-to-1, based primarily on the universal observations of global spatial flatness in the context of general relativity. The FSC Friedmann equations incorporating a Lambda?Λ?cosmological term clearly indicate that a spatially flat universe must have equality of the positive curvature (matter mass-energy) and negative curvature (dark energy) density components. Thus, FSC predicts that observations of the Milky Way and the nearly co-moving galaxies within 100 million light years will prove the 5.3-to-1 ratio to be incorrect. The most recent galactic and perigalactic observations indicate a range of dark matter-to-visible matter ratios varying from essentially zero (NGC 1052-DF2) to approximately 23-to-1 (Milky Way). The latter ratio is simply astonishing and promises an exciting next few years for astrophysicists and cosmologists. Within the next few years, the mining of huge data bases (especially the Gaia catalogue and Hubble data) will resolve whether standard cosmology will need to change its current claims for the cosmic energy density partition to be more in line with FSC, or whether FSC is falsified. A prediction is that standard cosmology must eventually realize the necessity of resolving the tension between their flatness observations and their assertion of dark energy dominance. The author makes the further prediction that FSC will soon become the new paradigm in cosmology.展开更多
The inclusion of space-time in the extended group of relativistic form-invariance, Cl<sub>3</sub>*</sup>, is specified as the inclusion of the whole space-time manifold in this multiplicative Lie gro...The inclusion of space-time in the extended group of relativistic form-invariance, Cl<sub>3</sub>*</sup>, is specified as the inclusion of the whole space-time manifold in this multiplicative Lie group. First physical results presented here are: the geometric origin of the time arrow, a better understanding of the non-simultaneity in optics and a mainly geometric origin for the universe expansion, and its recent acceleration.展开更多
We justify and extend the standard model of elementary particle physics by generalizing the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. The usual assumption that space and time are continuous implies, indeed, that it ...We justify and extend the standard model of elementary particle physics by generalizing the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. The usual assumption that space and time are continuous implies, indeed, that it should be possible to measure arbitrarily small intervals of space and time, but we ignore if that is true or not. It is thus more realistic to consider an extremely small “quantum of length” of yet unknown value <em>a</em>. It is only required to be a universal constant for all inertial frames, like<em> c</em> and <em>h</em>. This yields a logically consistent theory and accounts for elementary particles by means of four new quantum numbers. They define “particle states” in terms of modulations of wave functions at the smallest possible scale in space-time. The resulting classification of elementary particles accounts also for dark matter. Antiparticles are redefined, without needing negative energy states and recently observed “anomalies” can be explained.展开更多
建设完备的航天器电源与供配电标准体系是提升航天器电源与供配电系统设计正确、确保卫星能源安全可靠的重要工具。本文通过研究欧洲空间标准化合作组织ECSS(European Cooperation for Space Standardization)、美国宇航局NASA(National...建设完备的航天器电源与供配电标准体系是提升航天器电源与供配电系统设计正确、确保卫星能源安全可靠的重要工具。本文通过研究欧洲空间标准化合作组织ECSS(European Cooperation for Space Standardization)、美国宇航局NASA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)、日本宇宙航空研究开发机构JAXA(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency)、国际标准化组织ISO(International Standard Organization)和美国航空航天学会AIAA(American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics)等国外组织出版的电源与供配电系统标准,分析各自标准专业的侧重点,综述国外标准所包含的内容,总结各组织的标准体系,并结合我国的实际情况,提出了航天器电源与供配电标准体系建议和参考。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No 2016YFF0200200
文摘Frequencies of frequency standards are shifted by the local static gravity red shifts and also modulated by the tidal relativistic red shifts. We compute the tidal relativistic red shifts using a time-domain method and present the numerical results for the National Institute of Metrology (NIM) in Beijing, Laboratoire National de Metrologie et Essais-Systeme de References Temps-Espaee (LNE-SYRTE) in Paris and Physikalisch-Teehnische Bundesanstalt (PTB) in Braunschweig. The differences of the tidal relativistic red shift approach as large as 1.1 × 10^-16 when frequency standards at NIM are compared with those at SYRTE and PTB. Moreover, the tidal relativistic red shifts of frequency standards in space stations are also computed.
文摘The current attempt is aimed to outline the geometrical framework of a well known statistical problem, concerning the explicit expression of the arithmetic mean standard deviation distribution. To this respect, after a short exposition, three steps are performed as 1) formulation of the arithmetic mean standard deviation, , as a function of the errors, , which, by themselves, are statistically independent;2) formulation of the arithmetic mean standard deviation distribution, , as a function of the errors,;3) formulation of the arithmetic mean standard deviation distribution, , as a function of the arithmetic mean standard deviation, , and the arithmetic mean rms error, . The integration domain can be expressed in canonical form after a change of reference frame in the n-space, which is recognized as an infinitely thin n-cylindrical corona where the symmetry axis coincides with a coordinate axis. Finally, the solution is presented and a number of (well known) related parameters are inferred for sake of completeness.
文摘This research paper describes the design and implementation of the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) standards REF _Ref401069962 \r \h \* MERGEFORMAT [1] for Space Data Link Layer Protocol (SDLP). The primer focus is the telecommand (TC) part of the standard. The implementation of the standard was in the form of DLL functions using C++ programming language. The second objective of this paper was to use the DLL functions with OMNeT++ simulating environment to create a simulator in order to analyze the mean end-to-end Packet Delay, maximum achievable application layer throughput for a given fixed link capacity and normalized protocol overhead, defined as the total number of bytes transmitted on the link in a given period of time (e.g. per second) divided by the number of bytes of application data received at the application layer model data sink. In addition, the DLL was also integrated with Ground Support Equipment Operating System (GSEOS), a software system for space instruments and small spacecrafts especially suited for low budget missions. The SDLP is designed for rapid test system design and high flexibility for changing telemetry and command requirements. GSEOS can be seamlessly moved from EM/FM development (bench testing) to flight operations. It features the Python programming language as a configuration/scripting tool and can easily be extended to accommodate custom hardware interfaces. This paper also shows the results of the simulations and its analysis.
文摘The current attempt is aimed to extend previous results, concerning the explicit expression of the arithmetic mean standard deviation distribution, to the general case of the weighted mean standard deviation distribution. To this respect, the integration domain is expressed in canonical form after a change of reference frame in the n-space, which is recognized as an infinitely thin n-cylindrical corona where the axis coincides with a coordinate axis and the orthogonal section is an infinitely thin, homotetic (n-1)-elliptical corona. The semiaxes are formulated in two different ways, namely in terms of (1) eigenvalues, via the eigenvalue equation, and (2) leading principal minors of the matrix of a quadratic form, via the Jacobi formulae. The distribution and related parameters have the same formal expression with respect to their counterparts in the special case where the weighted mean coincides with the arithmetic mean. The reduction of some results to ordinary geometry is also considered.
文摘Three classical compactification procedures are presented with nonstandard flavour. This is to illustrate the applicability of Nonstandard analytic tool to beginners interested in Nonstandard analytic methods. The general procedure is as follows: A suitable equivalence relation is defined on an enlargement <sup>*</sup><em>X </em>of the space <em>X</em> which is a completely regular space or a locally compact Hausdorff space or a locally compact Abelian group. Accordingly, every <em>f</em> in <em>C</em>(<em>X</em>,<em>R</em>) (the space of bounded continuous real valued functions on <em>X</em>) or <em>Cc</em>(<em>X</em>,<em>R</em>) (the space of continuous real valued functions on <em>X</em> with compact support) or the dual group <span style="white-space:nowrap;">Γ </span>of the locally compact Abelian group <em>G</em> is extended to the set <img alt="" src="Edit_b9535172-924d-44f0-bab3-c49db17a3b7a.png" /> of the above mentioned equivalence classes. A compact topology on <img alt="" src="Edit_9d7962a3-b8a3-4693-b62a-078c8c4b4853.png" /> is obtained as the weak topology generated by these extensions of <em>f</em>. Then <em>X</em> is naturally imbedded densely in <img alt="" src="Edit_f7d403b2-eff3-4555-b8e7-1b106e06d2e7.png" />.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to show how the dark matter predictions of FSC differ with respect to the standard cosmology assertion of a universal dark matter-to-visible matter ratio of approximately 5.3-to-1. FSC predicts the correct ratio to be approximately 9-to-1, based primarily on the universal observations of global spatial flatness in the context of general relativity. The FSC Friedmann equations incorporating a Lambda?Λ?cosmological term clearly indicate that a spatially flat universe must have equality of the positive curvature (matter mass-energy) and negative curvature (dark energy) density components. Thus, FSC predicts that observations of the Milky Way and the nearly co-moving galaxies within 100 million light years will prove the 5.3-to-1 ratio to be incorrect. The most recent galactic and perigalactic observations indicate a range of dark matter-to-visible matter ratios varying from essentially zero (NGC 1052-DF2) to approximately 23-to-1 (Milky Way). The latter ratio is simply astonishing and promises an exciting next few years for astrophysicists and cosmologists. Within the next few years, the mining of huge data bases (especially the Gaia catalogue and Hubble data) will resolve whether standard cosmology will need to change its current claims for the cosmic energy density partition to be more in line with FSC, or whether FSC is falsified. A prediction is that standard cosmology must eventually realize the necessity of resolving the tension between their flatness observations and their assertion of dark energy dominance. The author makes the further prediction that FSC will soon become the new paradigm in cosmology.
文摘The inclusion of space-time in the extended group of relativistic form-invariance, Cl<sub>3</sub>*</sup>, is specified as the inclusion of the whole space-time manifold in this multiplicative Lie group. First physical results presented here are: the geometric origin of the time arrow, a better understanding of the non-simultaneity in optics and a mainly geometric origin for the universe expansion, and its recent acceleration.
文摘We justify and extend the standard model of elementary particle physics by generalizing the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics. The usual assumption that space and time are continuous implies, indeed, that it should be possible to measure arbitrarily small intervals of space and time, but we ignore if that is true or not. It is thus more realistic to consider an extremely small “quantum of length” of yet unknown value <em>a</em>. It is only required to be a universal constant for all inertial frames, like<em> c</em> and <em>h</em>. This yields a logically consistent theory and accounts for elementary particles by means of four new quantum numbers. They define “particle states” in terms of modulations of wave functions at the smallest possible scale in space-time. The resulting classification of elementary particles accounts also for dark matter. Antiparticles are redefined, without needing negative energy states and recently observed “anomalies” can be explained.
文摘建设完备的航天器电源与供配电标准体系是提升航天器电源与供配电系统设计正确、确保卫星能源安全可靠的重要工具。本文通过研究欧洲空间标准化合作组织ECSS(European Cooperation for Space Standardization)、美国宇航局NASA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration)、日本宇宙航空研究开发机构JAXA(Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency)、国际标准化组织ISO(International Standard Organization)和美国航空航天学会AIAA(American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics)等国外组织出版的电源与供配电系统标准,分析各自标准专业的侧重点,综述国外标准所包含的内容,总结各组织的标准体系,并结合我国的实际情况,提出了航天器电源与供配电标准体系建议和参考。