Standardization of meibomian gland dysfunction in an Egyptian population sample using a non-contact meibography technique

AIM:To develop normative data for meibomian gland dysfunction(MGD)parameters,using non-contact meibography technique of Sirius Costruzione Strumenti Oftalmici(CSO)machine,in an Egyptian population sample.METHODS:Observational,cross-sectional,analytic study,in which 104 Egyptian volunteers were included.Both upper lids were examined,using“Sirius CSO”machine.Each eyelid was given a degree of meibomian gland loss(MGL),which was calculated by the software of the machine.RESULTS:Mean percentage MGL in right upper lid was of 30.9%±12.6%,and that of left upper lid was 32.6%±11.8%.Thirty-four volunteers(32.7%)had first-degree MGL in their right upper lid,and 67.3%had second-degree loss.One volunteer(1%)had zero-degree MGL in left upper lid,28(26.9%)had first-degree loss,and 75(72.1%)had second-degree loss.Degree of MGL in right upper eyelid was not related to age,but degree of MGL in left upper eyelid increased with age.There was statistically significant difference between both genders for degree of MGL in right eye(P=0.036)and in left eye(P=0.027).CONCLUSION:Noncontact meibography is a useful non-invasive tool for diagnosing MGL.MGL is diagnosed in 100%of apparently normal individuals;26.9%-32.7%of which have first-degree MGL,and 67.3%-72.1%have second-degree MGL.

Analysis of standardization development of TCM in Sichuan

Sichuan province is home to rich traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)resources.Recent years have seen unremitting efforts of TCM standardization in the province.By analyzing the measures and existing problems,this paper provides recommendations to boost TCM development through standardization.

Dialogue on standards:directions and difficulties of standardization discipline construction

To probe into the directions and difficulties of standardization discipline construction in China,China Standardization Press organized a pertinent dialogue on July 10.During the event,Yu Xinli,President of China Association for Standardization,was invited as the moderator.Several standardization experts including Song Mingshun,Mai Lyubo,Qiang Yi,Cao Lili,and Huang Manxue from the China Standardization Expert Committee and renowned universities and research institutes in the country were invited as guests to give their insightful views.

Analysis of standardization of community security fund management-Taking practice of community security fund management in Wuhou district of Chengdu as an example

The Chengdu community security funds refer to the special security funds for urban and rural community development and governance in Chengdu.At present,there are some problems in the use of community security funds,such as low participation of residents,and low efficiency of fund use.Taking the exploration of standardization of community security fund management in Wuhou district,Chengdu city,as an example,this paper suggests further strengthening the use and management of community security funds by means of standardization,ensuring the democratic,open,and transparent use of funds,and effectively enhancing the supporting role of community security funds in community governance.

Workshop on driving inclusiveness in standardization

With the support of the Belgian FPS Economy,SBS and CEN-CENELEC are co-organizing the workshop,under the High-Level Forum on European standardization(HLF)and its workstream on inclusiveness in national standardization,to tackle issues of access and participation in standardization at the national level and discuss and promote best practices.

Parallel session on marine standardization

The session on marine standardization was successfully held on May 22.Yu Xinli,President of China Association for Standardization(CAS),was invited to deliver a keynote speech.The highlight of her speech is presented as follows。

China and Sri Lanka sign a MoU on standardization

Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Qiang and Sri Lanka Prime Minister Dinesh Gunawardena,Luo Wen,Minister of SAMR,and Anura Dissanayake,Secretary to the Prime Minster of Sri Lanka,signed a MoU on the standardization area on March 26.

PDE Standardization Analysis and Solution of TypicalMechanics Problems

A numerical approach is an effective means of solving boundary value problems(BVPs).This study focuses on physical problems with general partial differential equations(PDEs).It investigates the solution approach through the standard forms of the PDE module in COMSOL.Two typical mechanics problems are exemplified:The deflection of a thin plate,which can be addressed with the dedicated finite element module,and the stress of a pure bending beamthat cannot be tackled.The procedure for the two problems regarding the three standard forms required by the PDE module is detailed.The results were in good agreement with the literature,indicating that the PDE module provides a promising means to solve complex PDEs,especially for those a dedicated finite element module has yet to be developed.

International Standardization of Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology:Overlaps,Gaps and Challenges

As one of the most concerned digital technologies in recent years,blockchain and distributed ledger technology are an important driving force for a new round of technological development.It is currently in the process of accelerating its evolution and maturity,and has gradually integrated with other digital technologies.It has been applied in many industries,providing decentralized solutions for various industries,realizing innovative storage models,and building a new trust system.As blockchain technology is officially incorporated into China’s new information infrastructure category,the application fields of blockchain have expanded rapidly,gradually extending from the financial field and government affairs to other fields in the real economy.At the same time,with the continuous development of the globalized economy,blockchain technology will also have a profound impact on international technological and economic development.Therefore,for the healthy and orderly development and real implementation of the blockchain industry,standardize the application of blockchain,effectively break through the cognitive and technical barriers between different countries,industries and systems on a global scale,prevent application risks,the development of the global blockchain industry needs standardization basis,which is particularly important and urgent.A sound standard system is an important key to the successful development of technology,and formulating the right standard at the right time for technology development helps ensure the ease of use and interoperability of the technology.From the perspective of international standardization,this article first introduces the general situation of ISO,ITU-T,IEEE,W3C and other international standardization organizations,and sorts out the status quo of the blockchain standardization working groups of mainstream international standardization organizations.All blockchain-related standards under development have been analyzed for the characteristics of international blockchain technology standards and industry application standards.Through data analysis,the overlaps,differences and conflicts in the field of international blockchain standard formulation are sorted out,and suggestions for blockchain standardization work in the application and development of blockchain technology standardization by international organizations and industries are put forward.The plans and layouts of future international standards are summarized to help the development of the international standardization of blockchain.

Standardization of apple cancellation test for neglect patients in Korea:An observational study

BACKGROUND Neglect can be divided into two types using apple cancellation test(apple test):Egocentric neglect(EN)and allocentric neglect(AN).However,in South Korea,apple test results and decision criteria are still largely dependent on tests by foreign countries.AIM To establish a new South Korea standard and improve the accuracy of neglect assessment,the apple experiment was standardized in this study.METHODS This study was conducted on 223 healthy subjects for a total of 7 mo from August 2021 to February 2022.Standardization was carried out using the original apple test developed by Bickerton in 2011.In scoring for the apple test,total omission error refers to the number of missed targets(full apple)in the entire test sheet(left,middle,and right area).The score for EN is the difference between the correct number of right area and the correct number of left area(excluding the middle area).For AN,the score is difference between the number of left opening apples and number of right opening apples(including the middle area).Linear regression analysis was used for standardization using the general characteristics of subjects and the results of the apple test.RESULTS The cut-off score,which is the standard value indicating the pathological condition by combining the results of all subjects,is as follows:Total omission error(5),error for EN(2),and error for AN(2).Also,differences in cut-off score according to age were found.CONCLUSION This study will be helpful in facilitating a more accurate differential diagnosis of neglect.

CNIS and the Palace Museum work together for standardization of heritage conservation

The Palace Museum is not only a historic ancient building preserving cultural relics,but also one of the irreplaceable spiritual symbols of Chinese people.In order to implement the major deployments of the National Standardization Development Outline,and exert the basic and strategic role of standards in the protection of cultural relics,the Palace Museum and CNIS held a meeting on standardization work on August 28.

Cloud Computing Standardization:Fueling Digital Economy Industry Advancements

In recent years,China’s information technology sector has witnessed rapid growth.The development landscape of cloud security,storage,servers,and data centers,all linked to the cloud computing industry,has seen continuous expansion.The significance of cloud computing standardization in driving the development of the digital economy industry has grown notably.This article aims to present the fundamental concepts of cloud computing,provide an overview of its application in fostering the digital economy industry,analyze the current status and principal challenges in cloud computing standardization research,explore strategies for leveraging cloud computing standardization to empower the digital economy industry and offer a range of application scenarios.The goal is to summarize experiences and offer valuable reference material for relevant stakeholders.

Analysis of the Standardization of Administrative Management in Colleges and Universities Under the Background of Information Technology

In the development of the information age,universities should recognize the significant impact of information technology on their own development.In practice,it is possible to effectively improve the efficiency and quality of work by dealing with and constructing information-based methods,innovating administrative management models,and adopting more efficient and scientific methods to address various problems and shortcomings encountered in work.As an important part of university management,administrative management is a complex task.Establishing a standardized management model through information technology can further improve the comprehensive efficiency of administrative management.In this regard,the administrative standardization in universities under the background of information technology is analyzed and studied in this paper.

2005 China-Britain Standardization Conference——Environmental Protection·Energy Saving & Standardization

2005 China-Britain Standardization Conference was held at Beijing International Convention Center on June 29th,2005,jointly hosted by Standardization Administration of the People’s Republic of China (SAC) and British Standards Institute (BSI),with “Environmental Protection Energy Saving & Standardization” as its theme.

Analysis of monopoly risks in international standardization activities from the perspective of market competition and relevant suggestions

With the development of International SDOs,the relationship between standardization activities and market competition has become closer and more complex.Some International SDOs may restrict enterprises from participating in relevant standardization activities without justifiable reasons,which is contrary to the international consensus on the principles of openness,fairness and transparency in standardization,in which there is a risk of monopoly that excludes and restricts competition.Enterprises can consider defending their legitimate rights and interests through anti-monopoly litigation.A sustainable international standardization ecological environment should be actively created to fundamentally reduce the above-mentioned risks.

A Brief Introduction to Standardization Education at the School of Business Administration, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law

This article briefly introduces the history, current situation and characteristics of standardization management education in the School of Business and Administration （SBA）, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law （ZUEL）. ZUEL＇s different levels of standardization education are discussed in detail, including undergraduate students, graduate students, and continuing education training for working professionals. Also ZUEL＇s teaching style, research foundation, and relative experiences in standardization education are introduced. ZUEL＇s capacity and characteristics are comprehensively shown and expected further developments in standardization education at ZUEL are provided.

Overview about Standardization of Circular Economy in China

This essay described Circular Economy Promotion Law in China and the achievements in the pilot standardization of circular economy, presented the role of circular economy standardization system construction in China and bright up some thoughts over the development of circular economy.

Standardization of CPUE for Chilean Jack Mackerel (Trachurus murphyi) from Chinese Trawl Fleets in the High Seas of the Southeast Pacific Ocean

The generalized linear model （GLM） and generalized additive model （GAM） were applied to the standardization of catch per unit effort （CPUE） for Chilean jack mackerel from Chinese factory trawl fishing fleets in the Southeast Pacific Ocean from 2001 to 2010 by removing the operational, environmental, spatial and temporal impacts. A total of 9 factors were selected to build the GLM and GAM, i.e., Year, Month, Vessel, La Nifia and E1 Nifio events （ELE）, Latitude, Longitude, Sea surface temperature （SST）, SST anomaly （SSTA）, Nino3.4 index and an interaction term between Longitude and Latitude. The first 5 factors were significant components in the GLM, which in combination explained 27.34% of the total variance in nominal CPUE. In the stepwise GAM, all factors explained 30.78% of the total variance, with Month, Year and Vessel as the main factors influencing CPUE. The higher CPUE occurred during the period April to July at a SST range of 12-15℃ and a SSTA range of 0.2-1.0℃. The CPUE was significantly higher in normal years compared with that in La Nifia and E1 Nifio years. The abundance of Chilean jack mackerel declined during 2001 and 2010, with an increase in 2007. This work provided the relative abundance index of Chilean jack mackerel for stock as- sessment by standardizing catch and effort data of Chinese trawl fisheries and examined the influence of temporal, spatial, environ- mental and fisheries operational factors on Chilean jack mackerel CPUE.