Porcine Breeding Management in a Large-scale Piggery with Microbial Fermentation Bed

[Objective] The behavior of eating, drinking, defecating and peeing of 1 500 pigs in a large-scale microbial fermentation bed-equipped piggery was observed. We hoped to find some simple indicators that could reflect the health status of swinery and to provide experience for the swinery performance management in large-scale microbial fermentation bed-equipped piggery. [Method] The body weight （BW）, daily BW gain, feed intake and other indicators of different-day-old pigs were recorded in details. Based on the recorded data, the models between BW, BW gain, average daily feed intake and feed/gain ratio and growth days （d） were established. In addition, the incidences of pox-like macula （dermatitis）, diarrhea （gastrointestinal disease）, cough （respiratory disease）, stiff pig （malnutrition）, conjunctivitis （eye disease） and foot inflection （trauma） among fattening pigs were also investigated. [Result] The BW range, average BW, daily BW gain, breeding days, daily feed intake range, average daily feed intake, staged feed intake, accumulated feed intake, feed/gain ratio and accumulated feed/gain ratio of different-day-old pigs were studied, respectively. Four dynamic models were established for the growth of pigs： （1） the BW （y）-age （x） mod- el： y=0.758 9x-19.883 （3=0.993 7）; （2） the BW gain （y）-age （x） model： y=1.039 5x05051 （F=0.885 4）; （3） the average daily feed intake （y）-age （x） model： y=0.023 5x-0.334 3 （F=0.991 7）; （4） the feed/gain ratio （y）-age （x） model： y=0.022x＋0.427 8 （P=0.988 5）. Based on these models, the corresponding theoretical growth value of pigs at different growth stage could be predicted. The main diseases occurred among the swinery in the large-scale microbial fermentation bed piggery included pox-like macula （dermatitis）, diarrhea （gastrointestinal disease）, cough （respiratory disease）, stiff pig （mal- nutrition）, conjunctivitis （eye disease） and foot inflection （trauma）. The deadly infec- tious diseases had been not found among the pigs. [Conclusion] When the actual BW, BW gain, average daily feed intake and feed/gain ratio were all lower than the theoretical values predicted by the models, the management should be enhanced. The average daily feed intake of 60 to 65-day-old pigs was lower than the theoretic value, indicating that the pigs could not adapt nicely to the fermentation bed at the very early stage. When the pigs grew up to 70 to 75 d old, the average daily feed intake was higher than the theoretical value, indicating that the pigs had adapted to the fermentation bed. In particularly, average daily feed intake of 75-day-old pigs was higher than the theoretical value by 21%. It was suggested the fermentation bed was conducive to the growth of pigs. Considering the occurrence of diseases among pigs, the overall incidence was relatively low. The incidence of each disease was all lower than 10% with little difficulty in treating. If the management of mattress was strength- ened, such as paying attention to feeding and keeping water clean, many diseases could heal by themselves.

Study on Designing Standards System Framework of Hainan National Breeding and Multiplication

A preliminary feasibility study was set up for the HNBM standard system. By introducing the set theory and basic methods of the solid geometry and adopting the Verman three-dimensional structure ideology innovatively, the standards system of Hainan National Breeding and Multiplication (HNBM) was studied with the four-dimensional structure and integration by combining with the time dimension. The four-dimensional structure standards system will be useful for guiding the construction of the HNBM standards system, carrying on the division of labor and realizing the dynamic development of the standards system. The standards set of HNBM helps to computer programming and information management.

Operating in Tandem Chinese experts in Sao Tome and Principe cooperate with local farmers to raise medical standards in the breeding industry

Santomean pig farmer Simao Vicente was hopeful when he came to ask Zou Rui for help. His pig was suffering from hernia, and Zou, a 42-year-old Chinese agricultural expert working in Sao Tomé and Príncipe, was the only person on the island who could provide emergency surgery.

Drought variability and its connection with large-scale atmospheric circulations in Haihe River Basin

Drought is one of the most widespread and devastating extreme climate events when water availability is significantly below normal levels for a long period.In recent years,the Haihe River Basin has been threatened by intensified droughts.Therefore,characterization of droughts in the basin is of great importance for sustainable water resources management.In this study,two multi-scalar drought indices,the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index(SPEI)with potential evapotranspiration calculated by the PenmaneMonteith equation and the standardized precipitation index(SPI),were used to evaluate the spatiotemporal variations of drought characteristics from 1961 to 2017 in the Haihe River Basin.In addition,the large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns were used to further explore the potential links between drought trends and climatic anomalies.An increasing tendency in drought duration was detected over the Haihe River Basin with frequent drought events occurring in the period from 1997 to 2003.The results derived from both SPEI and SPI demonstrated that summer droughts were significantly intensified.The analysis of large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns indicated that the intensified summer droughts could be attributed to the positive geopotential height anomalies in Asian mid-high latitudes and the insufficient water vapor fluxes transported from the south.©2021 Hohai University.Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Application research on large-scale battery energy storage system under Global Energy Interconnection framework

In the context of constructing Global Energy Interconnection(GEI), energy storage technology, as one of the important basic supporting technologies in power system, will play an important role in the energy configuration and optimization. Based on the most promising battery energy storage technology, this paper introduces the current status of the grid technology, the application of large-scale energy storage technology and the supporting role of battery energy storage for GEI. Based on several key technologies of large-scale battery energy storage system, preliminary analysis of the standard system construction of energy storage system is made, and the future prospect is put forward.

Pollution Control Programs of Large-Scale Livestock and Poultry Farms in the Dianchi Lake Basin

With the enlarging scale and intensifying production of livestock and poultry breeding, the environment pollution becomes increasingly prominent in the Dianchi Lake Basin since 1990s. According to the survey of ＂The First National Census of Pollution Sources＂, occurrence and discharge of pollutants in large-scale livestock and poultry farms in this region were first understood. The pollution characteristics of large-scale live- stock and poultry breeding were also analyzed deeply. On this basis, the significance of pollution control programs for environment protection was investigated from aspects of pollution control policy, technology management and publicity.

Problems in the Development of China's Dairy Cow Breeding and the Countermeasures

This article offers an overview of the development of dairy cow breeding in China,and analyzes the problems in the development of dairy cow breeding in China as follows:the breeding scale is small;the pasture grass production cannot meet demand;the proportion of fine breed is not high and the dairy cow yield per unit is low;it lacks epidemic prevention and quarantine mechanism;economic benefits of large-scale breeding are not high.These problems have become bottleneck in the development of the dairy cow breeding.Finally countermeasures are put forward for the development of dairy cow breeding in China as follows:developing large-scale breeding,and increasing subsidies;supporting the development of grass industry,and ensuring the supply of good feed;strengthening cultivation and promotion of fine breed,and promoting the quality of fresh milk;improving the accountability system of dairy products,and giving play to supervisory role of the news media.

As Could We Assure Safety in Large-Scale Manufacturing of Nanoparticles for the Biomedical Use

Nanoparticles provide great advantages but also great risks. Risks associating with nanoparticles are the problem of all technologies, but they increase in many times in nanotechnologies. Adequate methods of outgoing production inspection are necessary to solve the problem of risks, and the inspection must be based on the safety standard. Existing safety standard results from a principle of “maximum permissible concentrations or MPC”. This principle is not applicable to nanoparticles, but a safety standard reflecting risks inherent in nanoparticles doesn’t exist. Essence of the risks is illustrated by the example from pharmacology, since its safety assurance is conceptually based on MPC and it has already come against this problem. Possible formula of safety standard for nanoparticles is reflected in many publications, but conventional inspection methods cannot provide its realization, and this gap is an obstacle to assumption of similar formulas. Therefore the development of nanoparticle industry as a whole (also development of the pharmacology in particular) is impossible without the creation of an adequate inspection method. There are suggested new inspection methods founded on the new physical principle and satisfying to the adequate safety standard for nanoparticles. These methods demonstrate that creation of the adequate safety standard and the outgoing production inspection in a large-scale manufacturing of nanoparticles are the solvable problems. However there is a great distance between the physical principle and its hardware realization, and a transition from the principle to the hardware demands great intellectual and material costs. Therefore it is desirable to call attention of the public at large to the necessity of urgent expansions of investigations associated with outgoing inspections in nanoparticles technologies. It is necessary also to attract attention, first, of representatives of state structures controlling approvals of the adequate safety standard to this problem, since it is impossible to compel producers providing the safety without the similar standard, and, second, of leaders of pharmacological industry, since their industry already entered into the nanotechnology era, and they have taken an interest in a forthcoming development of inspection methods.

Conservation and breeding for Hequ Tibet Mastiff in China

This paper gave the standards to evaluate Hequ Tibetan Mastiff on body type, appearance, body measures and temperament. A nucleus group of breeding consisted of high-grade individual according this standards, and it was for enhancing the proceeding of selecting and breeding of Hequ Tibetan Mastiff. By this way, after working on three generations it had been gained that effective population size of the nucleus group of breeding was 96, increasing numbers of inbreeding coefficient was 0.005, male and female body height were 72.1 cm and 70.2 cm, their cannon circumference were 16.3 cm and 15.2 cm, respectively.

Seed Propagation Technology and Quality Standards of Zhuoyou 1032

The breeder’s seeds of 56 A are produced through individual selection,sib mating in pairs and selection in isolation zone(net) plant line nursery.The foundation seeds are produced by isolated propagation of the breeder’s seeds,and the sterile line seeds for field production are produced by isolated propagation of the foundation seeds.The breeder’s seeds of restorer line 8020 R are produced by bagging and selfing and selection in isolation zone(net) plant line nursery,and the foundation seeds are produced by re-propagation.The hybrid seed production requires better isolation conditions,which can be realized using natural forests,mountains,rivers,roads(railways,highways),houses,etc.,and the isolation distance in open areas is equal to or larger than 800 m.It also requires early sowing of the male parent,so that the male parent can make full use of the light and temperature resources before winter to grow vegetatively,forming strong male parent plants that can provide more pollen.The seeds of the male parent are sown on September 8-10,and those of the female seeds are sown on September 12-16.Quality test is conducted during breeding and seed production in accordance with relevant national standards.The purity standards of the parent seeds are as follows: purity≥99%,neatness≥98%,germination rate≥80%,moisture≤9%,glucosinolate content≤20 μmol/g,and erucic acid content≤0.5%;the quality standards for parental field production seeds are as follows: purity≥98%,neatness≥98%,germination rate≥80% and moisture≤9%;and quality standards for hybrid seeds: purity≥85%,neatness≥98%,germination rate≥80% and moisture≤9%.

Strategic Height of Standards Arena

The article explains the meaning and its extreme importance of the strategic heights for the standardization field, deliberates over the challenges for traditional standardization, and proposes the urgency of the transformation towards modernized standardization. Affirming the limited role of existing methods like modularization and comprehensive standardization, the author insists on the necessity of accelerating the development of modernized standardization to meet the increasing demand of modern society towards standardization. It is a historical mission for current standardizers to focus on theories, methodologies and innovations in the modern standardization arena.

新疆育肥牛标准化生产养殖技术

随着我国经济的快速发展,人们对高档牛肉的需求日益增高。政府加大了对养殖业的扶持力度,育肥牛生产得到很好的发展,养殖户也越发重视育肥牛标准化生产养殖技术的进步与升级。我国养殖业改革有赖于新时期育肥牛标准化生产养殖技术的发展,在当下时期应进一步加深对我国育肥牛生产流程及技术的了解、关注。新疆是畜牧业大省,具有丰富的天然草场和饲草料来源,应当更加重视育肥牛的相关养殖、育肥工作以及各种重大疾病的预防工作。因此,该文主要讨论目前新疆育肥牛标准化生产养殖技术工作的问题,为今后育肥牛养殖工作提供相关指导,以保证育肥牛养殖技术工作能够更好的提高和完善。

我国畜牧业发展现状、存在问题及对策

畜牧业是我国农业农村经济的重要组成部分,对保障国家粮食安全和提高居民生活水平具有重要意义。近年来,我国畜牧业发展的内外部环境正在发生深刻的变化。本文分析了我国肉牛、生猪、肉鸡、肉羊产业的发展现状,发现我国畜牧业目前存在养殖场动物疫病风险加大,畜禽行业养殖环境约束趋紧,畜禽良种繁育能力不足,科技创新及人才支撑不足的问题。针对这些问题提出了构建完善的公共服务监管体系,科学提高疫情防控能力;推进规模化养殖和标准化生产;强化科技支撑,加快推进科技育种工作;提升技术研发能力,健全产业发展支撑体系等发展对策,以期为我国畜牧业健康发展提供理论参考。

新国标下如何提高种公牛冷冻精液生产效益

2022年12月29日国家市场监督管理总局国家标准化管理委员会发布了新的《牛冷冻精液》GB4143-2022代替了旧标准GB4143-2008,新标准于2024年1月1日实施。新标准对剂量、精子活力、前进运动精子数、精子畸形率、菌落总数技术指标进行了重新定义,其中计量、精子活力、菌落总数三项技术指标有所提高,整体上对冷冻精液的质量要求更加严格。为此,本文根据牛精子的生理特点,对影响种公牛冷冻精液的因素进行了简要分析,并结合新国标的技术要求,提出了如何提高种公牛冷冻精液生产效益的技术要点。通过对种公牛的品种选择与选育,种公牛的营养和饲养管理,种公牛的调教与精液采集,种公牛冷冻精液制作等关键方面调控与改进,以期提高种公牛的利用率,提高种公牛冷冻精液生产效益。

北京市草莓育苗模式及发展建议

随着草莓需求量的日益增加,对草莓的种植技术提出了更高的要求,尤其是育苗技术,育苗技术的完善是草莓产业不断提升的重要环节。本文分析了北京市草莓育苗产业发展现状,介绍了主要育苗模式及应用技术;提出除发挥北京市自身优势外,还应充分利用外埠冷凉地区条件进行优质草莓种苗繁育工作,健全标准化生产体系,形成“政府+科研单位+企业”的育苗管理模式,提升育苗水平,保障北京地区优质种苗供应。

陕西省畜禽养殖标准化建设现状与思考

畜禽养殖标准化是建设现代畜牧业和实现高质量发展的基础和先导。加快禽养殖标准化建设,对提升畜禽养殖设施装备水平、加快畜禽良种推广、健全生物安全防护、强化投入品质量控制、加快科技成果转化、提高生产效率和畜禽产品质量、促进养殖提质增效、建设生产高效、管理先进、环境友好、产品绿色的现代畜牧业意义重大。笔者结合近年来陕西省畜禽标准化开展情况,谈一下畜禽标准化建设存在问题及建议。

哈密市乳用骆驼养殖标准化示范区建设研究

本文总结了哈密市近年来开展国家乳用骆驼养殖标准化示范区建设工作。在组织机构建立和标准体系的建设方面,以奶业加工企业为抓手、骆驼养殖专业合作社为依托,围绕乳用骆驼产前、产中、产后全过程实施标准内容的创新等方面作了大量细致的工作,确保乳用骆驼规模化养殖各个环节规范化、标准化。整合与优化管理体系、业务标准体系及管理工具,实现乳用骆驼标准化养殖,提高乳品质量和效益,从而推动哈密市乳用骆驼养殖标准化可持续发展。

畜禽养殖项目环评中恶臭污染物种类及执行标准的探讨

畜禽养殖项目环境影响评价中,废气污染物种类通常识别氨、硫化氢和臭气浓度3种,但GB18596—2001《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》中只规定了臭气浓度排放限值。因此,畜禽养殖项目环评是否应识别氨和硫化氢,尚存争议;若识别了氨和硫化氢,氨和硫化氢的执行标准也尚需探讨。本文从现行行业标准规范管控要求、畜禽行业特征污染物、相关规划计划要求、《生态环境标准管理办法》规定、标准编制组对标准定位等方面进行分析论证,得出畜禽养殖项目环境影响评价中恶臭污染物宜识别臭气浓度和氨,且氨应当执行GB 14554—93《恶臭污染物排放标准》的结论,可为同类项目环境影响评价提供参考。

转基因生物育种现状及其检测技术研究进展

随着转基因技术在农业生产中的发展和使用,转基因作物及其产品的类型和数量也在不断增长,在此背景下,转基因生物安全问题也受到了公众的高度重视,加强对转基因生物检测技术进行研究,并判断其未来发展趋势、优化技术及标准。从转基因生物育种产业化发展现状、转基因生物检测技术发展现状入手,通过介绍转基因成分的检测方法、转基因生物检测技术标准化,全面总结了转基因生物育种现状及其检测技术研究进展。

玛多县藏羊标准化饲养管理技术的应用与效果分析

本研究引入标准化饲养管理技术,旨在改善青藏高原果洛藏族自治州玛多县藏羊的饲养状况,并提升其生产性能和养殖效率。研究采用放牧+补饲方式进行管理,并与自然放牧群进行对比。结果显示,标准化养殖示范群在体重上表现更加稳定,12月—翌年3月期间体重下降幅度为6.50%,而自然放牧群为11.04%。此外,示范群成畜死亡率为2.25%,显著低于自然放牧群的4.27%。繁殖性能方面,初产母羊繁殖率达91.67%,比自然放牧群高出24.18%;经产母羊繁殖率为98.34%,比自然放牧群高出5.07%。整体上,标准化养殖提高了藏羊的体重稳定性、降低了死亡率,并显著提升了繁殖率,为当地畜牧业的可持续发展提供了科学依据和实践指导。