期刊文献+
共找到20,752篇文章
< 1 2 250 >
每页显示 20 50 100
Engineering high amylose and resistant starch in maize by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of starch branching enzymes
1
作者 Mingzheng Ma Shanqiu Sun +5 位作者 Jinjie Zhu Xiantao Qi Gaoke Li Jianguang Hu Chuanxiao Xie Changlin Liu 《The Crop Journal》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第4期1252-1258,共7页
To improve the amylose content(AC)and resistant starch content(RSC)of maize kernel starch,we employed the CRISPR/Cas9 system to create mutants of starch branching enzyme I(SBEI)and starch branching enzyme IIb(SBEIIb).... To improve the amylose content(AC)and resistant starch content(RSC)of maize kernel starch,we employed the CRISPR/Cas9 system to create mutants of starch branching enzyme I(SBEI)and starch branching enzyme IIb(SBEIIb).A frameshift mutation in SBEI(E1,a nucleotide insertion in exon 6)led to plants with higher RSC(1.07%),lower hundred-kernel weight(HKW,24.71±0.14 g),and lower plant height(PH,218.50±9.42 cm)compared to the wild type(WT).Like the WT,E1 kernel starch had irregular,polygonal shapes with sharp edges.A frameshift mutation in SBEIIb(E2,a four-nucleotide deletion in exon 8)led to higher AC(53.48%)and higher RSC(26.93%)than that for the WT.E2 kernel starch was significantly different from the WT regarding granule morphology,chain length distribution pattern,X-ray diffraction pattern,and thermal characteristics;the starch granules were more irregular in shape and comprised typical B-type crystals.Mutating SBEI and SBEIIb(E12)had a synergistic effect on RSC,HKW,PH,starch properties,and starch biosynthesis-associated gene expression.SBEIIa,SS1,SSIIa,SSIIIa,and SSIIIb were upregulated in E12 endosperm compared to WT endosperm.This study lays the foundation for rapidly improving the starch properties of elite maize lines. 展开更多
关键词 MAIZE Gene editing starch branching enzyme I starch branching enzyme IIb
下载PDF
The cytosolic isoform of triosephosphate isomerase,ZmTPI4,is required for kernel development and starch synthesis in maize(Zea mays L.)
2
作者 Wenyu Li Han Wang +7 位作者 Qiuyue Xu Long Zhang Yan Wang Yongbiao Yu Xiangkun Guo Zhiwei Zhang Yongbin Dong Yuling Li 《The Crop Journal》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第2期401-410,共10页
Triosephosphate isomerase(TPI)is an enzyme that functions in plant energy production,accumulation,and conversion.To understand its function in maize,we characterized a maize TPI mutant,zmtpi4.In comparison to the wild... Triosephosphate isomerase(TPI)is an enzyme that functions in plant energy production,accumulation,and conversion.To understand its function in maize,we characterized a maize TPI mutant,zmtpi4.In comparison to the wild type,zmtpi4 mutants showed altered ear development,reduced kernel weight and starch content,modified starch granule morphology,and altered amylose and amylopectin content.Protein,ATP,and pyruvate contents were reduced,indicating ZmTPI4 was involved in glycolysis.Although subcellular localization confirmed ZmTPI4 as a cytosolic rather than a plastid isoform of TPI,the zmtpi4 mutant showed reduced leaf size and chlorophyll content.Overexpression of ZmTPI4 in Arabidopsis led to enlarged leaves and increased seed weight,suggesting a positive regulatory role of ZmTPI4 in kernel weight and starch content.We conclude that ZmTPI4 functions in maize kernel development,starch synthesis,glycolysis,and photosynthesis. 展开更多
关键词 MAIZE Kernel starch Weight PHOTOSYNTHESIS
下载PDF
Evaluation of the Potential of Araucaria angustifolia Seeds as Source of Oligosaccharides, Resistant Starch and Growth of Probiotic Bacteria
3
作者 Rossana Catie Bueno de Godoy Celia Lúcia de Luces Fortes Ferreira +3 位作者 Jaqueline Moura Nadolny Haíssa Roberta Cardarelli Fernanda Pereira Santos Magali Leonel 《Food and Nutrition Sciences》 CAS 2024年第10期921-940,共20页
“Pinhão”, the seed of Araucaria angustifolia, is an important food, being part of the eating habits of Indigenous communities. In this study, we evaluated the oligosaccharide content, resistant starch and the g... “Pinhão”, the seed of Araucaria angustifolia, is an important food, being part of the eating habits of Indigenous communities. In this study, we evaluated the oligosaccharide content, resistant starch and the growth of probiotic bacteria. GF4 (1-fructofuranosylnystose) was the main fructo-oligosaccharides found, in higher contents compared to other food sources. Maltooligosaccharides (MOS) represented the main part of the oligosaccharides profile of Brazilian pine seeds. In descending order of importance was maltoheptaose (G7), maltohexose (G6) and maltotriose (G3). The starches from the variety Sanct josephi presented the highest amount of resistant starch that could stimulate probiotic strains, mainly B. breve and L. plantarum, and may have a prebiotic effect, potentially promoting health benefits. This study advances the understanding of the chemical composition of the main portion of the “pinhão” enhancing awareness of its potential as a healthy food source, contributing to different uses and indirectly with the species preservation. 展开更多
关键词 Maltooligosaccharides FRUCTOOLIGOSACCHARIDES Resistant starch B. breve L. plantarum
下载PDF
qSTA2-2,a novel QTL that contributes to seed starch synthesis in Zea mays L.
4
作者 Minghao Cai Xuhui Li +6 位作者 Zhi Liang Jie Wang Delin Li Zhipeng Yuan Riliang Gu Jianhua Wang Li Li 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第4期1118-1133,共16页
The seed storage materials accumulate during seed development,and are essential for seed germination and seedling establishment.Here we employed two bi-parental populations of an F2:3 population developed from a cross... The seed storage materials accumulate during seed development,and are essential for seed germination and seedling establishment.Here we employed two bi-parental populations of an F2:3 population developed from a cross of improved 220(I220,small seeds with low starch)and PH4CV(large seeds with high starch),as well as recombinant-inbred lines(RILs)of X178(high starch)and its improved introgression line I178(low starch),to identify the genes that control seed storage materials.We identified a total of 12 QTLs for starch,protein and oil,which explained 3.44-10.79%of the phenotypic variances.Among them,qSTA2-1 identified in F2:3 and qSTA2-2 identified in the RILs partially overlapped at an interval of 7.314-9.554 Mb,and they explained 3.44-10.21%of the starch content variation,so they were selected for further study.Fine mapping of qSTA2-2 with the backcrossed populations of ^(I220)/PH4CV in each generation narrowed it down to a 199.7 kb interval that contains 14 open reading frames(ORFs).Transcriptomic analysis of developing seeds from the near-isogenic lines(NILs)of ^(I220)/PH4CV(BC_(5)F_(2))showed that only 11 ORFs were expressed in 20 days after pollination(DAP)seeds.Five of them were upregulated and six of them were downregulated in NIL^(I220),and the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between NIL^(I220) and NIL^(PH4CV) were enriched in starch metabolism,hormone signal transduction and glycosaminoglycan degradation.Of the eleven NIL^(I220) differential expressed ORFs,ORF4(Zm00001d002260)and ORF5(Zm00001d002261)carry 75%protein sequence similarity,both encodes an glycolate oxidase,were the possible candidates of qSTA2-2.Further analysis and validation indicated that mutation of the qSTA2-2 locus resulted in the dysfunction of ABA accumulation,the embryo/endosperm ratio and the starch and hormone levels. 展开更多
关键词 QTL mapping seed starch transcriptomic analysis HORMONE
下载PDF
Night warming increases wheat yield by improving pre-anthesis plant growth and post-anthesis grain starch biosynthesis
5
作者 Yonghui Fan Boya Qin +8 位作者 Jinhao Yang Liangliang Ma Guoji Cui Wei He Yu Tang Wenjing Zhang Shangyu Ma Chuanxi Ma Zhenglai Huang 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第2期536-550,共15页
Global climate change is characterized by asymmetric warming,i.e.,greater temperature increases in winter,spring,and nighttime than in summer,autumn,and daytime.Field experiments were conducted using four wheat cultiv... Global climate change is characterized by asymmetric warming,i.e.,greater temperature increases in winter,spring,and nighttime than in summer,autumn,and daytime.Field experiments were conducted using four wheat cultivars,namely‘Yangmai 18’(YM18),‘Sumai 188’(SM188),‘Yannong 19’(YN19),and‘Annong 0711’(AN0711),in the two growing seasons of 2019-2020 and 2020-2021,with passive night warming during different periods in the early growth stage.The treatments were night warming during the tillering-jointing(NW_(T-J)),jointing-booting(NWJ-B),and booting-anthesis(NWB-A)stages,with ambient temperature(NN)as the control.The effects of night warming during different stages on wheat yield formation were investigated by determining the characteristics of dry matter accumulation and translocation,as well as sucrose and starch accumulation in wheat grains.The wheat yields of all four cultivars were significantly higher in NW_(T-J)than in NN in the 2-year experiment.The yield increases of semi-winter cultivars YN19 and AN0711 were greater than those of spring cultivars YM18 and SM188.Treatment NW_(T-J)increased wheat yield mainly by increasing the 1,000-grain weight and the number of fertile spikelets,and it increased dry matter accumulation in various organs of wheat at the anthesis and maturity stages by increasing the growth rate at the vegetative growth stage.The flag leaf and spike showed the largest increases in dry matter accumulation.NW_(T-J)also increased the grain sucrose and starch contents in the early and middle grain-filling stages,promoting yield formation.Overall,night warming between the tillering and jointing stages increased the pre-anthesis growth rate,and thus,wheat dry matter production,which contributed to an increase in wheat yield. 展开更多
关键词 wheat asymmetric warming dry matter accumulation and translocation starch yield
下载PDF
Enhancing I^(0)/I^(-)Conversion Efficiency by Starch Confinement in Zinc-lodine Battery
6
作者 Danyang Zhao Qiancheng Zhu +4 位作者 Qiancheng Zhou Wenming Zhang Ying Yu Shuo Chen Zhifeng Ren 《Energy & Environmental Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期114-120,共7页
The redox couple of I^(0)/I^(-)in aqueous rechargeable iodine–zinc(I^(2)-Zn)batteries is a promising energy storage resource since it is safe and cost-effective,and provides steady output voltage.However,the cycle li... The redox couple of I^(0)/I^(-)in aqueous rechargeable iodine–zinc(I^(2)-Zn)batteries is a promising energy storage resource since it is safe and cost-effective,and provides steady output voltage.However,the cycle life and efficiency of these batteries remain unsatisfactory due to the uncontrolled shuttling of polyiodide(I_(3)^(-)and I_(5)^(-))and side reactions on the Zn anode.Starch is a very low-cost and widely sourced food used daily around the world.“Starch turns blue when it encounters iodine”is a classic chemical reaction,which results from the unique structure of the helix starch molecule–iodine complex.Inspired by this,we employ starch to confine the shuttling of polyiodide,and thus,the I^(0)/I^(-)conversion efficiency of an I^(2)-Zn battery is clearly enhanced.According to the detailed characterizations and theoretical DFT calculation results,the enhancement of I^(0)/I^(-)conversion efficiency is mainly originated from the strong bonding between the charged products of I_(3)^(-)and I_(5)^(-)and the rich hydroxyl groups in starch.This work provides inspiration for the rational design of high-performance and low-cost I^(2)-Zn in AZIBs. 展开更多
关键词 aqueous battery conversion efficiency iodine-zinc battery starch confinement
下载PDF
Efficacy of Raw Corn Starch in Insulinoma-Related Hypoglycemia:A Promising Supportive Therapy
7
作者 Rong-Rong Li Wei Chen +3 位作者 Xin-Hua Xiao Miao Yu Fan Ping Lian Duan 《Chinese Medical Sciences Journal》 CAS CSCD 2024年第2期102-110,共9页
Objective To investigate the efficacy of raw corn starch(RCS)in clinical management of insulinoma-induced hypoglycemia.Methods We retrospectively collected clinical data of insulinoma patients who received RCS-supplem... Objective To investigate the efficacy of raw corn starch(RCS)in clinical management of insulinoma-induced hypoglycemia.Methods We retrospectively collected clinical data of insulinoma patients who received RCS-supplemented diet preoperatively,and analyzed the therapeutic effects of the RCS intervention on blood glucose control,weight change,and its adverse events.Results The study population consisted of 24 cases of insulinoma patients,7 males and 17 females,aged 46.08±14.15 years.Before RCS-supplemented diet,all patients had frequent hypoglycemic episodes(2.51±3.88 times/week),concurrent with neuroglycopenia(in 83.3% of patients)and autonomic manifestations(in 75.0% of patients),with the median fasting blood glucose(FBG)of 2.70(interquartile range[IQR]:2.50-2.90)mmol/L.The patients'weight increased by 0.38(IQR:0.05-0.65)kg per month,with 8(33.3%)cases developing overweight and 7(29.2%)cases developing obesity.All patients maintained the RCS-supplemented diet until they underwent tumor resection(23 cases)and transarterial chemoembolization for liver metastases(1 case).For 19 patients receiving RCS throughout the day,the median FBG within one week of nutritional management was 4.30(IQR:3.30-5.70)mmol/L,which was a significant increase compared to pre-nutritional level[2.25(IQR:1.60-2.90)mmol/L;P<0.001].Of them,10 patients receiving RCS throughout the day for over four weeks had sustained improvement in FBG compared to pre-treatment[3.20(IQR:2.60-3.95)mmol/L vs.2.15(IQR:1.83-2.33)mmol/L;P<0.001].Five patients who received RCS only at night also had a significant increase in FBG within one week of nutritional management[3.50(IQR:2.50-3.65)mmol/L vs.2.20(IQR:1.80-2.60)mmol/L;P<0.001],but only one patient who continued to receive RCS for over four weeks did not have a significant improvement in FBG.No improvement in weight gain was observed upon RCS supplementation.Mild diarrhea(2 cases)and flatulence(1 case)occurred,and were relieved by reduction of RCS dose.Conclusion The RCS-supplemented diet is effective in controlling insulinoma-induced hypoglycemia. 展开更多
关键词 corn starch HYPOGLYCEMIA INSULINOMA nutrition therapy
下载PDF
Modulation of starch digestibility using non-thermal processing techniques:A review
8
作者 Liyuan Rong Weiqi Fei +4 位作者 Zhijun Wang Xianxiang Chen Huiliang Wen Jianhua Xie Mingyue Shen 《Grain & Oil Science and Technology》 CAS 2024年第3期209-218,共10页
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are widespread throughout the world, especially in developed countries. Starch is an important part of human staple food, the modulating of starch digestibility is conducive to reducing pos... Obesity and type 2 diabetes are widespread throughout the world, especially in developed countries. Starch is an important part of human staple food, the modulating of starch digestibility is conducive to reducing postprandial blood glucose levels and alleviating the chronic disease caused by high caloric intake. The digestion properties of starch are correlated with its structural features, including crystallization, amylose/amylopectin ratio, non-starch components, etc. Among the modified methods applied to regulate starch digestibility, non-thermal processing techniques(NTPT) receive extensive attention due to the characteristics of safety, environmental friendliness and high efficiency. The influence and mechanism of NTPT on the digestion properties of starch are discussed in this review, including ultrasounds, high pressure, γ-irradiation, etc. NTPT induces the alternation of morphological and structural characteristics of native starch, changing their sensitivity to enzymes. The effects of NTPT on the digestibility of starch are highly related to the processing parameters and structure characteristics of native starch. The review shows that NTPT is an effective way to modulate the digestion properties of starch and prevent people from suffering from chronic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. 展开更多
关键词 DIGESTIBILITY Non-thermal processing Chronic disease starch
下载PDF
Optimization Mechanism of Mechanical Properties of Basalt Fiber-Epoxy Resin Composites by Interfacially Enriched Distribution of Nano-Starch Crystals
9
作者 Yanpeng Wei Jiale Zhao +2 位作者 Jian Zhuang Peng Zhang Zhiwu Han 《Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期289-296,共8页
Fibre reinforced polymer composites have become a new generation of structural materials due to their unique advantages such as high specific strength,designability,good dimensional stability and ease of large-area mo... Fibre reinforced polymer composites have become a new generation of structural materials due to their unique advantages such as high specific strength,designability,good dimensional stability and ease of large-area monolithic forming.However,the problem of interfacial bonding between the resin matrix and the fibres limits the direct use of reinforcing fibres and has become a central difficulty in the development of basalt fibre-epoxy composites.This paper proposes a solution for enhancing the strength of the fibre-resin interface using maize starch nanocrystals,which are highly yield and eco-friendly.Firstly,in this paper,corn starch nanocrystals(SNC)were prepared by hydrolysis,and were deposited on the surface of basalt fibers by electrostatic adsorption.After that,in order to maximize the modification effect of nano-starch crystals on the interface,the basalt fiber-epoxy resin composite samples were prepared by mixing in a pressureless molding method.The test results shown that the addition of basalt fibers alone led to a reduction in the strength of the sample.Deposition of 0.1 wt%SNC on the surface of basalt fibers can make the strength consistent with pure epoxy resin.When the adsorption amount of SNC reached 0.5 wt%,the tensile strength of the samples was 23.7%higher than that of pure epoxy resin.This is due to the formation of ether bond homopolymers between the SNC at the fibre-epoxy interface and the epoxy resin,which distorts the originally smooth interface,leading to increased stress concentration and the development of cracks.This enhances the binding of basalt fibers.The conclusions of this paper can provide an effective,simple,low-cost and non-polluting method of interfacial enhancement modification. 展开更多
关键词 Basalt fibres Epoxy resin Fibre reinforced composites starch nanocrystals ECO-FRIENDLY
下载PDF
Alkali Tolerance of Concrete Internal Curing Agent Based on Sodium Carboxymethyl Starch
10
作者 陈梅花 刘荣进 +3 位作者 CHEN Ping JING Daiyan WAN Dandan FU Siyuan 《Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期82-90,共9页
Internal curing agents (ICA) based on super absorbent polymer have poor alkali tolerance and reduce the early strength of concrete.An alkali tolerate internal curing agent (CAA-ICA) was designed and prepared by using ... Internal curing agents (ICA) based on super absorbent polymer have poor alkali tolerance and reduce the early strength of concrete.An alkali tolerate internal curing agent (CAA-ICA) was designed and prepared by using sodium carboxymethyl starch (CMS) with high hydrophilicity,acrylic acid (AA) containing anionic carboxylic group and acrylamide (AM) containing non-ionic amide group as the main raw materials.The results show that the ratio of CAA-ICA alkali absorption solution is higher than that existing ICA,which solves the low water absorption ratio of the ICA in alkali environment.The water absorption ratio of CAA-ICA in saturated Ca(OH)_(2) solution is 95.8 g·g^(-1),and the alkali tolerance coefficient is 3.4.The application of CAA-ICA in cement-based materials can increase the internal relative humidity and miniaturize the pore structure.The compressive strength of mortar increases up to 12.95%at 28 d,which provids a solution to overcome the reduction of the early strength. 展开更多
关键词 alkali tolerance sodium carboxymethyl starch internal curing agent compressive strength
下载PDF
Starch Orodispersible Film Loaded with Melatonin for Human Supplementation
11
作者 Fabio Tamanini Tatiane Zucchini de Souza +2 位作者 Creusa Sayuri Tahara Amaral Antônio JoséFelix Carvalho Eliane Trovatti 《Journal of Renewable Materials》 EI CAS 2024年第7期1343-1354,共12页
An innovative pharmaceutical form for administering melatonin,based on starch orodispersiblefilm(ODF),was designed and prepared.The composition of the ODF included starch as the polymer matrix,the active drug melatonin... An innovative pharmaceutical form for administering melatonin,based on starch orodispersiblefilm(ODF),was designed and prepared.The composition of the ODF included starch as the polymer matrix,the active drug melatonin,and a plasticizer.Melatonin,a natural hormone produced by the pineal gland in the brain,can be absorbed by passive diffusion across the mucous membrane,resulting in improved bioavailability when compared to conventional oral administration.This study shows a simple and efficient method for preparing melatonin-loaded orodispersiblefilms with a physically stable and commercially viable matrix,suitable for use in the pharmaceutical industry.Thefilms were prepared by treating the starch with microwave irradiation,followed by plasticization with glycerol,melatonin loading and drying by solvent casting.Mechanical tests showed thefilms’robustness,with a modulus of approximately 97 MPa,indicating good handling properties.Moisture uptake analysis showed fast water absorption,reaching about 150%within 2 min,indicating its fast oral disintegration potential.Disintegration tests in artificial saliva and dissolution studies indicated the release of the drug in min-utes,indicating the potential properties of thefilm for oral drug delivery.To the best of our knowledge,there is no melatonin ODF based on starch described in the literature. 展开更多
关键词 starch orodispersiblefilm MELATONIN drug delivery
下载PDF
Rice Grains from Slightly Saline Field Exhibited Unchanged Starch Physicochemical Properties but Enhanced Nutritional Values
12
作者 Supranee SANTANOO Wichian SANGWONGCHAI +4 位作者 Maysaya THITISAKSAKUL Suphatta PHOTHISET Paweena PONGDONTRI Noppawan NOUNJAN Piyada THEERAKULPISUT 《Rice science》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第3期343-360,I0055-I0057,共21页
This study aims to investigate grain quality and nutritional values of rice(Pokkali,a salt-tolerant cultivar;RD73,a new cultivar improved from KDML105 introgressed with Saltol QTL from Pokkali,and KDML105,a moderately... This study aims to investigate grain quality and nutritional values of rice(Pokkali,a salt-tolerant cultivar;RD73,a new cultivar improved from KDML105 introgressed with Saltol QTL from Pokkali,and KDML105,a moderately salt-susceptible cultivar)grown under non-saline(0.04–0.87 dS/m)and slightly saline(1.08–4.83 dS/m)field conditions.The results revealed that salinity caused significant reduction in grain size but significant increments in reducing sugar and total protein contents in the grains.Nevertheless,the amounts of starch in the grains of KDML105 and Pokkali rice genotypes were unaffected by the stress.The starch granule size distribution was also unaffected by salinity.Interestingly,only starch from Pokkali was significantly diminished in amylose content,from 19.18%to 16.99%.Accordingly,parameters relating to starch gelatinization,retrogradation,and pasting properties of KDML105 and RD73 were unaffected by salinity;only Pokkali showed a significant increase in percentage of retrogradation along with a significant reduction in gelatinization enthalpy.In the saline field,total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in the grains of all rice cultivars tended to increase,particularly in Pokkali.On average,essential element contents in grains from the saline-treated plants showed a 33%,32%,32%,22%,20%,11%,and 10%increase in total P,N,K,Mg,Zn,Fe,and Ca content,respectively.Interestingly,total Fe content exhibited the greatest percentage of increments in KDML105(187%).Taken together,cultivation of rice in the slightly saline field did not alter its eating and cooking qualities,while enhanced some nutritional properties such as proteins,minerals,and secondary metabolites like phenolic compounds. 展开更多
关键词 antioxidant capacity elemental composition GELATINIZATION grain morphology RETROGRADATION rice salt stress starch granule
下载PDF
Irrigation regimes modulate non-structural carbohydrate remobilization and improve grain filling in rice(Oryza sativa L.)by regulating starch metabolism
13
作者 Yuguang Zang Gaozhao Wu +10 位作者 Qiangqiang Li Yiwen Xu Mingming Xue Xingyu Chen Haiyan Wei Weiyang Zhang Hao Zhang Lijun Liu Zhiqin Wang Junfei Gu Jianchang Yang 《Journal of Integrative Agriculture》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2024年第5期1507-1522,共16页
Recently developed ‘super’ rice cultivars with greater yield potentials often suffer from the problem of poor grain filling, especially in inferior spikelets. Here, we studied the activities of enzymes related to st... Recently developed ‘super’ rice cultivars with greater yield potentials often suffer from the problem of poor grain filling, especially in inferior spikelets. Here, we studied the activities of enzymes related to starch metabolism in rice stems and grains, and the microstructures related to carbohydrate accumulation and transportation to investigate the effects of different water regimes on grain filling. Two ‘super’ rice cultivars were grown under two irrigation regimes of well-watered(WW) and alternate wetting and moderate soil drying(AWMD). Compared with the WW treatment,the activities of ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPase), starch synthase(StSase) and starch branching enzyme(SBE), and the accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates(NSCs) in the stems before heading were significantly improved, and more starch granules were stored in the stems in the AWMD treatment. After heading, the activities of α-amylase, β-amylase, sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS) and sucrose synthase in the synthetic direction(SSs)were increased in the stems to promote the remobilization of NSCs for grain filling under AWMD. During grain filling, the enzymatic activities of sucrose synthase in the cleavage direction(SSc), AGPase, StSase and SBE in the inferior spikelets were increased, which promoted grain filling, especially for the inferior spikelets under AWMD.However, there were no significant differences in vascular microstructures. The grain yield and grain weight could be improved by 13.1 and 7.5%, respectively, by optimizing of the irrigation regime. We concluded that the low activities of key enzymes in carbon metabolism is the key limitation for the poor grain filling, as opposed to the vascular microstructures, and AWMD can increase the amount of NSC accumulation in the stems before heading, improve the utilization rate of NSCs after heading, and increase the grain filling, especially in the inferior spikelets, by altering the activities of key enzymes in carbon metabolism. 展开更多
关键词 rice(Oryza sativa L.) non-structural carbohydrates(NsCs) enzymatic activity grain illing starch granules vascular bundle
下载PDF
Differential roles of C-3 and C-6 phosphate monoesters in affecting potato starch properties
14
作者 Li Ding Andreas Blennow Yuyue Zhong 《Grain & Oil Science and Technology》 CAS 2024年第2期79-86,共8页
The effects of starch phosphate monoester content(SPC),namely C-3(C3P)and C-6 phosphate monoesters(C6P),on the starch properties were investigated using four potato starches with varied SPC/C3P/C6P and two nonphosphor... The effects of starch phosphate monoester content(SPC),namely C-3(C3P)and C-6 phosphate monoesters(C6P),on the starch properties were investigated using four potato starches with varied SPC/C3P/C6P and two nonphosphorylated maize starches with a similar range of amylose content(AC)as controls.The starch property results showed that a higher SPC is associated with lower turbidity,storage and loss modulus after storage,and water solubility,but higher swelling power(SP)and pasting viscosities.These findings suggested that SPC inhibited molecular rearrangement during storage and starch leaching during heating,and enhanced swelling and viscosities due to increased hydration and water uptake caused by the repulsion effect of phosphate groups and a less ordered crystalline structure.Increased SPC also resulted in lower resistant starch(RS)content in a native granular state but higher RS after retrogradation.Pearson correlations further indicated that SPC/C3P/C6P were positively correlated with peak(r^(2)=0.925,0.873 and 0.930,respectively),trough(r^(2)=0.994,0.968 and 0.988,respectively),and final viscosities(r^(2)=0.981,0.968 and 0.971,respectively).Notably,SPC,mainly C3P,exhibited a significantly positive correlation with SP(r^(2)=0.859)and setback viscosity(r^(2)=0.867),whereas SPC,mainly C6P,showed a weak positive correlation with RS after retrogradation(r^(2)=0.746).However,SPC had no significant correlations with water solubility,turbidity and rheology properties,which were more correlated with AC.These findings are helpful for the food industry to select potato starches with desired properties based on their contents of SPC,C3P,or C6P. 展开更多
关键词 starch phosphate monoesters C-3 phosphate monoesters C-6 phosphate monoesters Physicochemical properties In vitro digestibility
下载PDF
Physicochemical and structural properties of starches from non-traditional sources in China 被引量:2
15
作者 Jingyi Yang Chagam Koteswara Reddy +1 位作者 Zhili Fan Baojun Xu 《Food Science and Human Wellness》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第2期416-423,共8页
In this study,we isolated starches from non-traditional sources,including quinoa,lentil,arrowhead,gorgon fruit,sorghum,chickpea,proso millet,and purple potato and investigated their morphology,physicochemical,and func... In this study,we isolated starches from non-traditional sources,including quinoa,lentil,arrowhead,gorgon fruit,sorghum,chickpea,proso millet,and purple potato and investigated their morphology,physicochemical,and functional properties.Significant differences in starch particle morphology,swelling power,solubility,syneresis,crystalline pattern,and pasting viscosity were observed among the starches from these nontraditional sources.Further,all these isolated starches had unique properties because of their characteristic distinct granules when seen under scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The amylose content of the isolated starches shown significant difference(P<0.05),and the values ranged between 11.46%and 37.61%.Results demonstrated that the isolated starches contained between 79.82%to 86.56%starch,indicating that the isolated starches had high purity.X-ray diffraction(XRD)patterns of starches isolated from sorghum,proso millet,quinoa,purple potato,and gorgon fruit presented A-type diffraction pattern;while lentil seeds,arrowhead,and chickpea starches presented C-type diffraction pattern.Overall,these results will promote the development of products based on starch isolated from non-traditional starches. 展开更多
关键词 starch VISCOSITY Morphology QUINOA SORGHUM Proso millet
下载PDF
Preparation and Characterization of Thermoplastic Starch from Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata) by Extrusion Method 被引量:1
16
作者 Muhammad Ghozali Yenny Meliana +2 位作者 Widya Fatriasari Petar Antov Mochamad Chalid 《Journal of Renewable Materials》 SCIE EI 2023年第4期1963-1976,共14页
Sugar palm(Arenga pinnata)starch is considered an important renewable,biodegradable,and eco-friendly polymer,which is derived from agricultural by-products and residues,with great potential for the development of bioc... Sugar palm(Arenga pinnata)starch is considered an important renewable,biodegradable,and eco-friendly polymer,which is derived from agricultural by-products and residues,with great potential for the development of biocomposite materials.This research was aimed at investigating the development of TPS biocomposites from A.pinnata palm starch using an extrusion process.Palm starch,glycerol,and stearic acid were extruded in a twin-screw extruder.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM)analysis of TPS showed that the starch granules were damaged and gelatinized in the extrusion process.The density of TPS was 1.3695 g/mL,lower than that of palm starch,and the addition of stearic acid resulted in increased TPS density.X-ray diffraction(XRD)results showed that palm starch had a C-type pattern crystalline structure.The tensile strength,elongation at break,and modulus of elasticity of TPS were 7.19 MPa,33.95%,and 0.56 GPa,respectively.The addition of stearic acid reduced the tensile strength,elongation at break and modulus of elasticity of TPS.The rheological properties,i.e.,melt flow rate(MFR)and viscosity of TPS,were 7.13 g/10 min and 2482.19 Pa.s,respectively.The presence of stearic acid in TPS resulted in increased MFR and decreased viscosity values.The peak gelatinization temperature of A.pinnata palm starch was 70°C,while Tg of TPS was 65°C.The addition of stearic acid reduced the Tg of TPS.The thermogravimetric analysis(TGA)analysis showed that the addition of glycerol and stearic acid decreased the thermal stability,but extended the temperature range of thermal degradation.TPS derived from A.pinnata palm starch by extrusion method has the potential to be applied in industrial practice as a promising raw material for manufacturing bio-based packaging as a sustainable and green alternative to petroleum-based plastics. 展开更多
关键词 Arenga pinnata sugar palm starch thermoplastic starch GLYCEROL stearic acid twin-screw extruder BIOCOMPOSITES
下载PDF
Effects of Chinese chestnut powder on starch digestion,texture properties,and staling characteristics of bread 被引量:2
17
作者 Lei Wang Denghua Shi +2 位作者 Jie Chen Huina Dong Ling Chen 《Grain & Oil Science and Technology》 CAS 2023年第2期82-90,共9页
Chestnut is a high nutritional value food that has been widely used as a tonic in traditional Chinese medicine.As an emerging functional food ingredient,Chinese chestnuts are rich in a range of bioactive nutrients suc... Chestnut is a high nutritional value food that has been widely used as a tonic in traditional Chinese medicine.As an emerging functional food ingredient,Chinese chestnuts are rich in a range of bioactive nutrients such as starch,dietary fiber,fat,protein,trace metal element and vitamins A,B,C,D and other nutrients.In our study,Chinese chestnut powder(CCP)were added into bread formulation at 2%-6%levels(based on flour weight)to produce fresh bread with enhanced anti-staling characteristics and starch digestion inhibitory ability.The texture properties,retrogradation enthalpy,water distribution,and estimated glycemic index(eGI)of wheat bread containing CCP as a functional additive were also investigated.The results showed that incorporation of CCP apparently affected bread texture,resulting in increased hardness,as well as decreased the specific volume of wheat bread.These influences were generally proportional to the amount of CCP used.It was found that adding too much CCP resulted in a dark red color,showing increased significantly higher total color difference(ΔE)and L values.Conversely,addition of CCP significantly reduced starch digestion rate and digestion extent in bread,and the reduction degree was positively related to the amount of CCP applied.The greatest reduction in eGI value from 79.40(control)to 75.02(6%CPP bread)was observed.Meanwhile,the content of resistant starch of 6%CPP bread was about 1.36 times higher than that of control bread.CCP also reduced crumb water loss and drove the water shift from the bound to the mobile state after stored for 7 days.The retrogradation enthalpy analyses further confirmed that CCP inhibited starch retrogradation and recrystallization.These results suggested that Chinese chestnut powder could be incorporated into fresh bread to provide health functions,such as lowering potential glycaemic response and improving anti-staling characteristics of bread. 展开更多
关键词 Chinese chestnut Bread quality starch digestion Staling characteristics
下载PDF
Effects of different starch structures on energy metabolism in pigs 被引量:1
18
作者 Xiaoqian Gao Bing Yu +8 位作者 Jie Yu Xiangbing Mao Zhiqing Huang Yuheng Luo Junqiu Luo Ping Zheng Hui Yan Jun He Daiwen Chen 《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2023年第6期2474-2482,共9页
Background Starch is a major component of carbohydrates and a major energy source for monogastric animals.Starch is composed of amylose and amylopectin and has different physiological functions due to its different st... Background Starch is a major component of carbohydrates and a major energy source for monogastric animals.Starch is composed of amylose and amylopectin and has different physiological functions due to its different structure.It has been shown that the energy supply efficiency of amylose is lower than that of amylopectin.However,there are few studies on the effect of starch structure on the available energy of pigs.The purpose of this study was to measure the effect of different structures of starch in the diet on the net energy(NE)of pigs using a comparative slaughter method and to establish a prediction equation to estimate the NE of starch with different structures.Fifty-six barrows(initial BW 10.18±0.11 kg)were used,and they were housed and fed individually.Pigs were divided into 7 treatments,with 8 replicates for each treatment and 1 pig for each replicate.One of the treatments was randomly selected as the initial slaughter group(ISG).Pigs in the remaining treatments were assigned to 6 diets,fed with basic diet and semi-pure diets with amylose/amylopectin ratio(AR)of 3.09,1.47,0.25,0.15 and 0.12,respectively.The experiment lasted for 28 d.Results Results showed that compared with the high amylose(AM)groups(AR 3.09 and 1.47),the high amylopectin(AP)group(AR 0.15)significantly increased the final BW,average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake of pigs(P<0.05),but the F:G of the AM group was lower(P<0.01).In addition,AR 0.15 and 0.12 groups have higher(P<0.01)nutrient digestibility of dry matter,crude protein,gross energy and crude ash.Meanwhile,compared with other groups,AR 0.15 group has a higher(P<0.05)NE intake and energy retention(RE).The regressive equation for predicting with starch structures was established as RE=1,235.243-48.298AM/AP(R^(2)=0.657,P=0.05).Conclusions In conclusion,NE intake and RE of pigs augmented with the increase of dietary amylopectin content,indicating that diets high in amylopectin were more conducive to promoting the growth of pigs in the late conserva-tion period. 展开更多
关键词 AMYLOSE AMYLOPECTIN Net energy PIGS starch structure
下载PDF
Insights into the relations between cell wall integrity and in vitro digestion properties of granular starches in pulse cotyledon cells after dry heat treatment 被引量:1
19
作者 Ping Li Bin Zhang +5 位作者 Rui Liu Li Ding Xiong Fu Haiteng Li Qiang Huang Xiaowei He 《Food Science and Human Wellness》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第2期528-535,共8页
Natural foods,such as whole pulses,are recommended in the dietary guidelines of the US and China.The plant cell wall structure in whole pulses has important implications for the nutritional functionalities of starch.I... Natural foods,such as whole pulses,are recommended in the dietary guidelines of the US and China.The plant cell wall structure in whole pulses has important implications for the nutritional functionalities of starch.In this study,garbanzo bean cells with varying degrees of cell wall integrity were subjected to dry heat treatment(DHT)and used to elucidate the food structure-starch digestion properties of pulse food.The morphological features suggested that all cell samples do not exhibit remarkable changes after being subjected to DHT.Molecular rearrangement and the crystallite disruption of starch granules entrapped in cells occurred during DHT as assessed by the crystal structure and thermal properties.DHT decreased the inhibitory effects of enzymes of both the soluble and insoluble components,but the digestion rate and extent of slightly and highly damaged cell samples did not exhibit significant differences compared with their native counterparts.We concluded that the starch digestion of pulse cotyledon cells is primarily determined by the intactness of the cellular structure.This study reveals the role of food structure on the ability to retain the desirable nutritional properties of starch after subjection to physical modification. 展开更多
关键词 Cell wall integrity In vitro starch digestion PULSE Dry heat treatment
下载PDF
Drying kinetics of soy protein isolate-corn starch film during preparation and its moisture adsorption characteristics during storage 被引量:1
20
作者 Tingwei Zhu Jinyu Yang +3 位作者 Wanting Qin Yadong Tian Yingying Wang Xingfeng Guo 《Grain & Oil Science and Technology》 CAS 2023年第3期120-126,共7页
To better understand the mass transfer process of moisture in the soy protein isolate-corn starch(SPI-CS)films during preparation and storage process,the drying kinetics model of SPI-CS films with different formation ... To better understand the mass transfer process of moisture in the soy protein isolate-corn starch(SPI-CS)films during preparation and storage process,the drying kinetics model of SPI-CS films with different formation conditions during the drying process and the moisture adsorption characteristics of the SPI-CS films under different humidity conditions were investigated.Within the range of experimental conditions,the moisture migration rule in the SPI-CS films during the drying preparation was combined with the Page model which was expressed as MR=exp(-kt^(n)).It was found that the adsorption equilibrium needed shorter time(about 3 h)when the SPI-CS films existed in the environment with lower humidity(RH<54%).Additionally,the secondorder adsorption kinetic equation was successful to describe the moisture adsorption characteristic of the SPICS films during storage under different humidity conditions. 展开更多
关键词 Soy protein isolate Corn starch FILM Drying kinetics MOISTURE
下载PDF
上一页 1 2 250 下一页 到第
使用帮助 返回顶部