The start-up process of Stokes' second problem of a viscoelastic material with fractional element is studied. The fluid above an infinite flat plane is set in motion by a sudden acceleration of the plate to steady os...The start-up process of Stokes' second problem of a viscoelastic material with fractional element is studied. The fluid above an infinite flat plane is set in motion by a sudden acceleration of the plate to steady oscillation. Exact solutions are obtained by using Laplace transform and Fourier transform. It is found that the relationship between the first peak value and the one of equal-amplitude oscillations depends on the distance from the plate. The amplitude decreases for increasing frequency and increasing distance.展开更多
This article studies the wall temperature distribution of inorganic heat transfer element in different working conditions by experiments, and analyzes the impact of inclination angle, heating power, different kinds of...This article studies the wall temperature distribution of inorganic heat transfer element in different working conditions by experiments, and analyzes the impact of inclination angle, heating power, different kinds of cooling medium and different inlet temperature of cooling medium on the starting property of inorganic heat transfer element.展开更多
【目的】分析拟南芥中仅含START结构域(the lipid/sterol-binding St AR-related lipid transfer protein domains)亚家族成员的启动子元件及表达特性,阐明启动子元件与表达特性的相互关系,为明确仅含START结构域亚家族的生物学功能,解...【目的】分析拟南芥中仅含START结构域(the lipid/sterol-binding St AR-related lipid transfer protein domains)亚家族成员的启动子元件及表达特性,阐明启动子元件与表达特性的相互关系,为明确仅含START结构域亚家族的生物学功能,解析植物生长发育机理、更好地促控植物生长提供理论依据。【方法】利用生物信息学方法分析仅含START结构域亚家族6个成员的亲缘关系及各自启动子区所包含的所有元件,对启动子元件的功能进行分析和分类;利用real-time PCR方法研究亚家族成员的表达特性;用突变体分析确认基因的功能;分析通过启动子元件分析预测的基因功能与通过突变体分析确认的基因功能间的相关性,为基因的功能和作用机制分析提供科研思路和方法。【结果】生物信息学分析表明,拟南芥中仅含START结构域亚家族成员共6个,分为3个分支,每个分支一对基因,每一对基因中均有一个基因的启动子中含有高转录水平元件5′UTR Py-rich stretch,6个亚家族成员的启动子区均含有多个光、激素和逆境响应元件,也存在各自特异的响应元件;用real-time PCR分析基因的表达量,结果与生物信息学预测结果一致:At3g13062的表达量明显高于同分支的At1g55960,At3g23080的表达量明显高于同分支的At4g14500,At1g64720的表达量明显高于同分支的At5g54170。组织定位分析表明亚家族成员有特异的时空表达特性:At3g13062和At1g55960在幼苗期就有明显表达,但At3g13062主要在子叶、下胚轴和根中表达,而At1g55960主要在根中表达量较多;在成苗期拟南芥中,At3g13062主要在叶片中表达,在根中表达量较少;而At1g55960在成苗期拟南芥的叶片和根系的表达量均较多;At3g23080和At4g14500在幼苗期表达量较少,而在成苗期表达量增加,At3g23080主要分布于莲座叶中,At4g14500主要分布于莲座叶叶柄部。上述结果表明仅含START结构域亚家族成员可能在拟南芥不同时期和不同的部位分别行使着功能。利用生物信息学对启动子元件分析发现,各个基因均具有胚乳特意表达的Skn-1 motif元件,暗示着该家族基因可能参与调控胚乳的发育,进而影响种子的活力和萌发;通过对At3g23080和At4g14500的T-DNA插入突变体种子的分析表明,At3g23080和At4g14500表达量下降均会导致种子活力和萌发率的下降,这与生物信息学预测结果一致。【结论】拟南芥中仅含START结构域的亚家族有6个成员;6个亚家族成员可能在光、激素和逆境调控的发育过程中具有重要的作用;含START结构域的亚家族6个成员虽然同源关系较近,但具有各自的时空表达特性,在拟南芥的不同组织和不同发育时期执行着各自的功能。基因启动子元件与基因功能有直接关系,启动子区具有胚乳特意表达Skn-1 motif元件的At3g23080和At4g14500表达量下降均会导致种子活力和萌发率下降。展开更多
A method of fuzzy identification based on T-S fuzzy model was proposed for predicting temperature Ms from chemical composition, austenitizing temperature and time for low alloy steel. The degree of membership of each ...A method of fuzzy identification based on T-S fuzzy model was proposed for predicting temperature Ms from chemical composition, austenitizing temperature and time for low alloy steel. The degree of membership of each sample was calculated with fuzzy clustering algorithm. Kalman filtering was used to identify the consequent parameters. Compared with the results obtained by empirical models based on the same data, the results by the fuzzy method showed good precision. The accuracy of the fuzzy model is almost 6 times higher than that of the best empirical model. The influence of alloying elements, austenitizing temperature and time on Ms was analyzed quantitatively by using the fuzzy model. It is shown that there exists a nonlinear relationship between the contents of alloying elements in steels and their Ms, and the effects of austenitizing temperature and time on Ms temperature cannot be neglected.展开更多
新能源电源提供的短路电流幅值受限,故障特征弱化,影响母线故障的快速准确识别。该文利用三相电流同一采样值突变量快速提取电流突变特征,将母线各支路电流进行分组,分别构造了两种启动元件,根据启动元件的动作时序,快速识别母线区内、...新能源电源提供的短路电流幅值受限,故障特征弱化,影响母线故障的快速准确识别。该文利用三相电流同一采样值突变量快速提取电流突变特征,将母线各支路电流进行分组,分别构造了两种启动元件,根据启动元件的动作时序,快速识别母线区内、外部故障和区外转区内故障。建立了母线多支路分组电流突变量采样值的分析平面,经过极性转换与采样值积分,直观反映母线区内外故障时电流突变采样值的运动轨迹,在此基础上,建立了识别母线区内外故障的保护动作区。利用实时数字仿真平台(real time digital system,RTDS)建立仿真系统,仿真结果表明,母线故障时,启动元件动作时间小于1ms,利用电流突变采样值轨迹可以快速识别区内外故障及转换性故障。展开更多
文摘The start-up process of Stokes' second problem of a viscoelastic material with fractional element is studied. The fluid above an infinite flat plane is set in motion by a sudden acceleration of the plate to steady oscillation. Exact solutions are obtained by using Laplace transform and Fourier transform. It is found that the relationship between the first peak value and the one of equal-amplitude oscillations depends on the distance from the plate. The amplitude decreases for increasing frequency and increasing distance.
文摘This article studies the wall temperature distribution of inorganic heat transfer element in different working conditions by experiments, and analyzes the impact of inclination angle, heating power, different kinds of cooling medium and different inlet temperature of cooling medium on the starting property of inorganic heat transfer element.
文摘【目的】分析拟南芥中仅含START结构域(the lipid/sterol-binding St AR-related lipid transfer protein domains)亚家族成员的启动子元件及表达特性,阐明启动子元件与表达特性的相互关系,为明确仅含START结构域亚家族的生物学功能,解析植物生长发育机理、更好地促控植物生长提供理论依据。【方法】利用生物信息学方法分析仅含START结构域亚家族6个成员的亲缘关系及各自启动子区所包含的所有元件,对启动子元件的功能进行分析和分类;利用real-time PCR方法研究亚家族成员的表达特性;用突变体分析确认基因的功能;分析通过启动子元件分析预测的基因功能与通过突变体分析确认的基因功能间的相关性,为基因的功能和作用机制分析提供科研思路和方法。【结果】生物信息学分析表明,拟南芥中仅含START结构域亚家族成员共6个,分为3个分支,每个分支一对基因,每一对基因中均有一个基因的启动子中含有高转录水平元件5′UTR Py-rich stretch,6个亚家族成员的启动子区均含有多个光、激素和逆境响应元件,也存在各自特异的响应元件;用real-time PCR分析基因的表达量,结果与生物信息学预测结果一致:At3g13062的表达量明显高于同分支的At1g55960,At3g23080的表达量明显高于同分支的At4g14500,At1g64720的表达量明显高于同分支的At5g54170。组织定位分析表明亚家族成员有特异的时空表达特性:At3g13062和At1g55960在幼苗期就有明显表达,但At3g13062主要在子叶、下胚轴和根中表达,而At1g55960主要在根中表达量较多;在成苗期拟南芥中,At3g13062主要在叶片中表达,在根中表达量较少;而At1g55960在成苗期拟南芥的叶片和根系的表达量均较多;At3g23080和At4g14500在幼苗期表达量较少,而在成苗期表达量增加,At3g23080主要分布于莲座叶中,At4g14500主要分布于莲座叶叶柄部。上述结果表明仅含START结构域亚家族成员可能在拟南芥不同时期和不同的部位分别行使着功能。利用生物信息学对启动子元件分析发现,各个基因均具有胚乳特意表达的Skn-1 motif元件,暗示着该家族基因可能参与调控胚乳的发育,进而影响种子的活力和萌发;通过对At3g23080和At4g14500的T-DNA插入突变体种子的分析表明,At3g23080和At4g14500表达量下降均会导致种子活力和萌发率的下降,这与生物信息学预测结果一致。【结论】拟南芥中仅含START结构域的亚家族有6个成员;6个亚家族成员可能在光、激素和逆境调控的发育过程中具有重要的作用;含START结构域的亚家族6个成员虽然同源关系较近,但具有各自的时空表达特性,在拟南芥的不同组织和不同发育时期执行着各自的功能。基因启动子元件与基因功能有直接关系,启动子区具有胚乳特意表达Skn-1 motif元件的At3g23080和At4g14500表达量下降均会导致种子活力和萌发率下降。
文摘A method of fuzzy identification based on T-S fuzzy model was proposed for predicting temperature Ms from chemical composition, austenitizing temperature and time for low alloy steel. The degree of membership of each sample was calculated with fuzzy clustering algorithm. Kalman filtering was used to identify the consequent parameters. Compared with the results obtained by empirical models based on the same data, the results by the fuzzy method showed good precision. The accuracy of the fuzzy model is almost 6 times higher than that of the best empirical model. The influence of alloying elements, austenitizing temperature and time on Ms was analyzed quantitatively by using the fuzzy model. It is shown that there exists a nonlinear relationship between the contents of alloying elements in steels and their Ms, and the effects of austenitizing temperature and time on Ms temperature cannot be neglected.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21991132,No.52033010,and No.52021002)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2020YFA0710700 and No.2020YFA0710703).
文摘新能源电源提供的短路电流幅值受限,故障特征弱化,影响母线故障的快速准确识别。该文利用三相电流同一采样值突变量快速提取电流突变特征,将母线各支路电流进行分组,分别构造了两种启动元件,根据启动元件的动作时序,快速识别母线区内、外部故障和区外转区内故障。建立了母线多支路分组电流突变量采样值的分析平面,经过极性转换与采样值积分,直观反映母线区内外故障时电流突变采样值的运动轨迹,在此基础上,建立了识别母线区内外故障的保护动作区。利用实时数字仿真平台(real time digital system,RTDS)建立仿真系统,仿真结果表明,母线故障时,启动元件动作时间小于1ms,利用电流突变采样值轨迹可以快速识别区内外故障及转换性故障。