The current “mega” interest in Lithium resources was spurred by the development of Lithium-Ion batteries to aid in restructuring the world’s reliance on carbon spewing power petroleum reserves. Current resources of...The current “mega” interest in Lithium resources was spurred by the development of Lithium-Ion batteries to aid in restructuring the world’s reliance on carbon spewing power petroleum reserves. Current resources of lithium recovery have fallen into two main categories—Pegmatite, found worldwide associated with felsic intrusions and Brine Related, and now with development in the Southwest United States of America (SWUS), a third category— Tertiary Volcanic clays, are specifically associated with Tertiary volcanics and major Tectonic Plate interactions. “Active” Plate tectonics is important as both the SWUS, the Lithium Triangle of South America (LTSA) and the Tibetan Plateau of China (TPC) producing tertiary (Miocene) volcanism that is important to the development of Lithium resources. The Tanzanian part of the East Africa Rift System (EARS) has features of both the SWUS, tertiary volcanic related “playas” and Continental rifting, the LTSA, tertiary volcanic related “Brines” and a major Tectonic plate event (subduction of an Oceanic Plate beneath the Continental South American Plate) and the TPC, tertiary volcanics (?) and major tectonic plate event (subduction of the Indian Continental Plate under the Eurasian Continental Plate). As well as the association of peralkaline and metaluminous felsic volcanics with Lithium playas of the SWUS and the EARS (Tanzania) “playas”. These similarities led to an analysis of a volcanic rock in Northeast Tanzania. When it returned 1.76% Lithium, a one-kilometer spaced soil sampling program returned, in consecutive samples over 0.20% Lithium (several samples over 1.0% lithium and a high of 2.24% lithium). It is proposed that these four regions with very similar past and present geologic characteristics, occur nowhere else in the world. That three of them have produced Lithium operations and two of them have identified resources of Lithium clay and “highly” anomalous Lithium clays should be regarded as more than “coincidental”.展开更多
Incorporating rate and state friction laws, stability of linearly stable (i.e., with stiffness greater than the critical value) spring-slider systems subjected to triggering perturbations was analyzed under variable...Incorporating rate and state friction laws, stability of linearly stable (i.e., with stiffness greater than the critical value) spring-slider systems subjected to triggering perturbations was analyzed under variable normal stress condition, and comparison was made between our results and that of fixed normal stress cases revealed in previous studies. For systems associated with the slip law, the critical mag- nitude of rate steps for triggering unstable slips are found to have a similar pattern to the fixed normal stress case, and the critical velocity steps scale with a/(b - a) when k = kcr for both cases. The rate-step boundaries for the variable normal stress cases are revealed to be lower than the fixed normal stress case by 7 %-16 % for a relatively large ct = 0.56 with (b - a)/a ranging from 0.25 to 1, indicating easier triggering under the variable normal stress condition with rate steps. The difference between fixed and variable normal stress cases decreases when the α value is smaller. In the same slip- law-type systems, critical displacements to trigger instability are revealed to be little affected by the variable normal stress condition. When k 〉 kcr(V,), a spring-slider system with the slowness law is much more stable than with the slip law,suggesting that the slowness law fits experimental data better when a single state variable is adopted. In stick-slip motions, the variable normal stress case has larger stress drops than the constant normal stress case. The variable normal stress has little effect on the range of slip velocity in systems associated with the slowness law, whereas systems associated with the slip law have a slowest slip velocity immensely smaller than the fixed normal stress case, by ~ 10 orders of magnitude.展开更多
The synthesis process for La 1- x Sr x Mn 1- y Co y O 3- δ ( x = 0.2, 0.3; y = 0.2, 0.8, designated as LSMC below) perovskite oxides prepared by solid state reaction was investigated using DSC/TG, XRD, EPMA and parti...The synthesis process for La 1- x Sr x Mn 1- y Co y O 3- δ ( x = 0.2, 0.3; y = 0.2, 0.8, designated as LSMC below) perovskite oxides prepared by solid state reaction was investigated using DSC/TG, XRD, EPMA and particle size analysis methods. It was found that LSMCs were all of single phase and the synthesis process might be divided into three stages: the decomposition of reactants, the formation of LaMn(Co)O 3 based oxides, and the formation of LSMC solid solution. Typical average and the peak value of particle size, and the specific surface area are 14.65?μm, 16.4?μm and 1.38?m 2/mL, respectively, for mixed reactants and are 23.81?μm, 32.11?μm and 0.5?m 2/mL, respectively, for powder synthesized at 1?200?℃ for 8?h in air.展开更多
A mathematical model has been developed to handle the reactions in Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) undergoing polycondensation reactions in the solid state. The effect of temperature on chain mobility was considere...A mathematical model has been developed to handle the reactions in Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) undergoing polycondensation reactions in the solid state. The effect of temperature on chain mobility was considered to estimate the rate constants of chemical reactions. The polymer crystalline fraction is modeled as containing only repeat units, thus concentrating end groups and conden-sates in the amorphous fraction. This model is compared with PET reaction data with good results.展开更多
EPR raised fundamental problems of non-locality (NL) in the case of entangled states (ES) 82 years ago. These problems were not solved until now. EPR and their followers used and would continue to use calculation meth...EPR raised fundamental problems of non-locality (NL) in the case of entangled states (ES) 82 years ago. These problems were not solved until now. EPR and their followers used and would continue to use calculation methods that were available at that time. However, we can easily explain this observable NL as a trivial result of conservation laws (CL) within modern quantum mechanics (MQM). But application of CL requires materialistic descriptions of reality in a micro world in contrast to so-called quantum measurement theory (QMT), which was created mainly in the times of EPR and is widely accepted until now. We have to use a materialistic description, just as many physicists who actually work with high precision do by default. In this article, practical examples are given for real, precise measurements of wave functions of molecules and crystals, which, of course, were not known to EPR and were not noticed by their followers. We should acknowledge that QMT is merely an unneeded complication of simple relations of MQM. NL is the seeming result of these complications.展开更多
The electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia(NH3) can be used to recycle nitrogen and offers a decarbonized route for sustainable NH3production,but requires efficient electrocatalysts.Herein,we have rationally ...The electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia(NH3) can be used to recycle nitrogen and offers a decarbonized route for sustainable NH3production,but requires efficient electrocatalysts.Herein,we have rationally designed and fabricated a novel self-supported electrocatalyst comprised of Ni nanoparticles(NiNPs) embedded in Ni single atoms(NiSAs) anchored to nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes grown on carbon cloth(NiNPs@NiSAs-NCNTs/CC) used for an efficient nitrate reduction reaction(NO3-RR) to produce NH_(3).The electrocatalyst can attain a maximum NH3yield rate of 27.67±1.16 mgNH3h^(-1)cm^(-2)at-1.4 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE) and nearly 100% Faradic efficiency in the range of-1.2--1.4 V vs.RHE in a neutral medium,outperforming the previously reported Ni-based catalysts.Our experimental analysis and theoretical calculations have demonstrated that the moderate electrondeficient state of NiSAsregulated by NiNPsnot only facilitates the enrichment of NO_(3)^(-),but also benefits the formation of NO3*and decrease in the energy barrier of the rate-limiting step,thus resulting in the enhanced NO3-RR performance.展开更多
Facing economic crisis in the world 2009, international market demands suffered a serious recession, also China's foreign trade has encountered unprecedented difficulties. In front of this, Chinese Government take...Facing economic crisis in the world 2009, international market demands suffered a serious recession, also China's foreign trade has encountered unprecedented difficulties. In front of this, Chinese Government takes series of adjustment timely to get over this rough time. So how is China's foreign trade in 2009, and where it will go in 2010, let's have a look at this…展开更多
To investigate the role of pre-twins in Mg alloy sheets during warm planar deformation, the stretch forming is conducted at 200 ℃. Results suggest the formability of the pre-twinned AZ31 Mg alloy sheet is enhanced to...To investigate the role of pre-twins in Mg alloy sheets during warm planar deformation, the stretch forming is conducted at 200 ℃. Results suggest the formability of the pre-twinned AZ31 Mg alloy sheet is enhanced to 11.30 mm. The mechanisms for the improved formability and the deformation behaviors during the planar stretch forming are systematically investigated based on the planar stress states. The Schmid factor for deformation mechanisms are calculated, the results reveal that planar stress states extremely affect the Schmid factor for {10-12}twinning. The detwinning is activated and the prismatic slip is enhanced in the pre-twinned sheet, especially under the planar extension stress state in the outer region. Consequently, the thickness-direction strain is accommodated better. The dynamic recrystallization(DRX) type is continuous DRX(CDRX) regardless of the planar stress state. However, the CDRX degree is greater under the planar extension stress state.Some twin lattices deviate from the perfect {10-12} twinning relation due to the planar compression stress state and the CDRX. The basal texture is weakened when the planar stress state tends to change the texture components.展开更多
电化学储能电站在应用于调频、调压等功率波动性工况时,存在能量效率较低、荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)不均衡等问题。该文提出考虑能量效率和SOC均衡的电池储能电站双层功率分配策略,其主要包括单元优化层和子系统优化层:单元优化...电化学储能电站在应用于调频、调压等功率波动性工况时,存在能量效率较低、荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)不均衡等问题。该文提出考虑能量效率和SOC均衡的电池储能电站双层功率分配策略,其主要包括单元优化层和子系统优化层:单元优化层通过充电/放电优先级分区计算实际运行单元数量及其编号,建立以储能单元能耗最小为目标的优化模型,并采用遗传算法求解最优解集;子系统优化层引入基于电化学阻抗的电池能耗模型,以储能子系统能耗最低和SOC均衡为目标建立多目标优化模型,并采用非支配快速排序遗传算法(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithms-II,NSGA-II)进行求解。通过某地区锂电池储能电站实际参数验证所提策略的有效性,结果表明,与SOC比例分配策略和单层功率分配策略相比,所提功率分配策略在降低电站能耗的同时能最大程度实现SOC均衡,保障电站双向调节能力,提高储能电站经济性。展开更多
Steady-state non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (SNSGA), a new form of multi-objective genetic
algorithm, is implemented by combining the steady-state idea in steady-state genetic algorithms (SSGA) and the
fitn...Steady-state non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (SNSGA), a new form of multi-objective genetic
algorithm, is implemented by combining the steady-state idea in steady-state genetic algorithms (SSGA) and the
fitness assignment strategy of non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA). The fitness assignment strategy is
improved and a new self-adjustment scheme of σshare is proposed. This algorithm is proved to be very efficient both
computationally and in terms of the quality of the Pareto fronts produced with five test problems including GA
difficult problem and GA deceptive one. Finally, SNSGA is introduced to solve multi-objective mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) problems in process synthesis.展开更多
A new coordination polymer, {[Cd(OPY)(tdc)(HO)]·H2 O}n(OPY = 4,4?-(oxybis(4,1-phenylene))dipyridine, H2 tdc = thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid), has been synthesized hydrothermally based on a V-shaped ligand OPY. ...A new coordination polymer, {[Cd(OPY)(tdc)(HO)]·H2 O}n(OPY = 4,4?-(oxybis(4,1-phenylene))dipyridine, H2 tdc = thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid), has been synthesized hydrothermally based on a V-shaped ligand OPY. The structure was fully characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. In1, two OPY ligands and one water molecule acted as terminal ligands coordinating to Cdcation to form [Cd(OPY)HO]units, which are then linked by tdc2-ligands to generate a one-dimensional chain. Every two adjacent chains linked by extensive O–H···O hydrogen bonds constitute one-dimensional double-chains, and such chains are extended into two-dimensional layers via O–H···N hydrogen bonds. These layers are further connected to form a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture via π-π stacking interactions. In addition, the thermal stability and solid state fluorescence property of 1 were also investigated.展开更多
Railway transportation system is a critical sector where design methods and techniques are defined by international standards in order to reduce possible risks to an acceptable minimum level. CENELEC 50128 strongly re...Railway transportation system is a critical sector where design methods and techniques are defined by international standards in order to reduce possible risks to an acceptable minimum level. CENELEC 50128 strongly recommends the utilization of finite state machines during system modelling stage and formal proof methods during the verifi- cation and testing stages of control algorithms. Due to the high importance of interlocking table at the design state of a sig- nalization system, the modelling and verification of inter- locking tables are examined in this work. For this purpose, abstract state machines are used as a modelling tool. The developed models have been performed in a generalized structure such that the model control can be done automatically for the interlocking systems. In this study, NuSMV is used at the verification state. Also, the consistency of the developed models has been supervised through fault injection. The developed models and software components are applied on a real railway station operated by Metro Istanbul Co.展开更多
CPDT-TCNQ and its derivatives are good candidates for charge-transfer acceptors. In this work, the electronic ground and excited states of CPDT-TCNQ as well as its difluoro and dimethyl derivatives are studied. The gr...CPDT-TCNQ and its derivatives are good candidates for charge-transfer acceptors. In this work, the electronic ground and excited states of CPDT-TCNQ as well as its difluoro and dimethyl derivatives are studied. The ground state optimized structures and energies were obtained using a restricted (closed-shell) density functional theory (DFT) as approximated by the various hybrid functionals (RB3LYP, RB3P86, RB3PW91). The 6-31G** and 6-31+G** basis sets were employed in calculations. All derivatives are planar and exhibit a quinoid structure in their electronic ground states. The energy and oscillator strength of the first 15 singlet-singlet electronic transitions have been investigated by applying the dine-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) approximations to the correspondingly optimized ground state geometries. The results show the strongest absorption in electronic spectra of molecules due to the HOMO-LUMO electronic transition of the thiophene backbone.展开更多
文摘The current “mega” interest in Lithium resources was spurred by the development of Lithium-Ion batteries to aid in restructuring the world’s reliance on carbon spewing power petroleum reserves. Current resources of lithium recovery have fallen into two main categories—Pegmatite, found worldwide associated with felsic intrusions and Brine Related, and now with development in the Southwest United States of America (SWUS), a third category— Tertiary Volcanic clays, are specifically associated with Tertiary volcanics and major Tectonic Plate interactions. “Active” Plate tectonics is important as both the SWUS, the Lithium Triangle of South America (LTSA) and the Tibetan Plateau of China (TPC) producing tertiary (Miocene) volcanism that is important to the development of Lithium resources. The Tanzanian part of the East Africa Rift System (EARS) has features of both the SWUS, tertiary volcanic related “playas” and Continental rifting, the LTSA, tertiary volcanic related “Brines” and a major Tectonic plate event (subduction of an Oceanic Plate beneath the Continental South American Plate) and the TPC, tertiary volcanics (?) and major tectonic plate event (subduction of the Indian Continental Plate under the Eurasian Continental Plate). As well as the association of peralkaline and metaluminous felsic volcanics with Lithium playas of the SWUS and the EARS (Tanzania) “playas”. These similarities led to an analysis of a volcanic rock in Northeast Tanzania. When it returned 1.76% Lithium, a one-kilometer spaced soil sampling program returned, in consecutive samples over 0.20% Lithium (several samples over 1.0% lithium and a high of 2.24% lithium). It is proposed that these four regions with very similar past and present geologic characteristics, occur nowhere else in the world. That three of them have produced Lithium operations and two of them have identified resources of Lithium clay and “highly” anomalous Lithium clays should be regarded as more than “coincidental”.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.40574080 and 41274186
文摘Incorporating rate and state friction laws, stability of linearly stable (i.e., with stiffness greater than the critical value) spring-slider systems subjected to triggering perturbations was analyzed under variable normal stress condition, and comparison was made between our results and that of fixed normal stress cases revealed in previous studies. For systems associated with the slip law, the critical mag- nitude of rate steps for triggering unstable slips are found to have a similar pattern to the fixed normal stress case, and the critical velocity steps scale with a/(b - a) when k = kcr for both cases. The rate-step boundaries for the variable normal stress cases are revealed to be lower than the fixed normal stress case by 7 %-16 % for a relatively large ct = 0.56 with (b - a)/a ranging from 0.25 to 1, indicating easier triggering under the variable normal stress condition with rate steps. The difference between fixed and variable normal stress cases decreases when the α value is smaller. In the same slip- law-type systems, critical displacements to trigger instability are revealed to be little affected by the variable normal stress condition. When k 〉 kcr(V,), a spring-slider system with the slowness law is much more stable than with the slip law,suggesting that the slowness law fits experimental data better when a single state variable is adopted. In stick-slip motions, the variable normal stress case has larger stress drops than the constant normal stress case. The variable normal stress has little effect on the range of slip velocity in systems associated with the slowness law, whereas systems associated with the slip law have a slowest slip velocity immensely smaller than the fixed normal stress case, by ~ 10 orders of magnitude.
文摘The synthesis process for La 1- x Sr x Mn 1- y Co y O 3- δ ( x = 0.2, 0.3; y = 0.2, 0.8, designated as LSMC below) perovskite oxides prepared by solid state reaction was investigated using DSC/TG, XRD, EPMA and particle size analysis methods. It was found that LSMCs were all of single phase and the synthesis process might be divided into three stages: the decomposition of reactants, the formation of LaMn(Co)O 3 based oxides, and the formation of LSMC solid solution. Typical average and the peak value of particle size, and the specific surface area are 14.65?μm, 16.4?μm and 1.38?m 2/mL, respectively, for mixed reactants and are 23.81?μm, 32.11?μm and 0.5?m 2/mL, respectively, for powder synthesized at 1?200?℃ for 8?h in air.
文摘A mathematical model has been developed to handle the reactions in Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) undergoing polycondensation reactions in the solid state. The effect of temperature on chain mobility was considered to estimate the rate constants of chemical reactions. The polymer crystalline fraction is modeled as containing only repeat units, thus concentrating end groups and conden-sates in the amorphous fraction. This model is compared with PET reaction data with good results.
文摘EPR raised fundamental problems of non-locality (NL) in the case of entangled states (ES) 82 years ago. These problems were not solved until now. EPR and their followers used and would continue to use calculation methods that were available at that time. However, we can easily explain this observable NL as a trivial result of conservation laws (CL) within modern quantum mechanics (MQM). But application of CL requires materialistic descriptions of reality in a micro world in contrast to so-called quantum measurement theory (QMT), which was created mainly in the times of EPR and is widely accepted until now. We have to use a materialistic description, just as many physicists who actually work with high precision do by default. In this article, practical examples are given for real, precise measurements of wave functions of molecules and crystals, which, of course, were not known to EPR and were not noticed by their followers. We should acknowledge that QMT is merely an unneeded complication of simple relations of MQM. NL is the seeming result of these complications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21971129, 21961022, 21661023, 22172083, and 21962013)the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 2022 Leading Talent Team of Science and Technology (2022LJRC0008)+8 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(2022BS02014 and 2021BS02007)the 111 Project (D20033)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China (2021JQ02)the Program for Innovative Research Team in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (NJYT23031)the Program of Higher-level Talents of IMU (21300-5215101)the“Grassland Leading Talent” Program of Inner Mongoliathe“Grassland Talent” Innovation Team of Inner Mongoliathe“Science and Technology for a Better Development of Inner Mongolia” Program(2020XM03)the Science and Technology Project of Ordos(2021 ZDI 11-14)。
文摘The electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia(NH3) can be used to recycle nitrogen and offers a decarbonized route for sustainable NH3production,but requires efficient electrocatalysts.Herein,we have rationally designed and fabricated a novel self-supported electrocatalyst comprised of Ni nanoparticles(NiNPs) embedded in Ni single atoms(NiSAs) anchored to nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes grown on carbon cloth(NiNPs@NiSAs-NCNTs/CC) used for an efficient nitrate reduction reaction(NO3-RR) to produce NH_(3).The electrocatalyst can attain a maximum NH3yield rate of 27.67±1.16 mgNH3h^(-1)cm^(-2)at-1.4 V vs.reversible hydrogen electrode(RHE) and nearly 100% Faradic efficiency in the range of-1.2--1.4 V vs.RHE in a neutral medium,outperforming the previously reported Ni-based catalysts.Our experimental analysis and theoretical calculations have demonstrated that the moderate electrondeficient state of NiSAsregulated by NiNPsnot only facilitates the enrichment of NO_(3)^(-),but also benefits the formation of NO3*and decrease in the energy barrier of the rate-limiting step,thus resulting in the enhanced NO3-RR performance.
文摘Facing economic crisis in the world 2009, international market demands suffered a serious recession, also China's foreign trade has encountered unprecedented difficulties. In front of this, Chinese Government takes series of adjustment timely to get over this rough time. So how is China's foreign trade in 2009, and where it will go in 2010, let's have a look at this…
基金the Central Government Guided Local Science and Technology Development Projects (YDZJSX2021A010)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No.2022M710541)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51704209,52274397,U1810208)the Projects of International Cooperation in Shanxi (201803D421086)Shanxi Province Patent Promotion Implementation Fund (20200718)Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China (2022-038)Science and Technology Major Project of Shanxi Province (20191102008,20191102007,20181101008)Taishan Scholars Project Special Fund (2021)。
文摘To investigate the role of pre-twins in Mg alloy sheets during warm planar deformation, the stretch forming is conducted at 200 ℃. Results suggest the formability of the pre-twinned AZ31 Mg alloy sheet is enhanced to 11.30 mm. The mechanisms for the improved formability and the deformation behaviors during the planar stretch forming are systematically investigated based on the planar stress states. The Schmid factor for deformation mechanisms are calculated, the results reveal that planar stress states extremely affect the Schmid factor for {10-12}twinning. The detwinning is activated and the prismatic slip is enhanced in the pre-twinned sheet, especially under the planar extension stress state in the outer region. Consequently, the thickness-direction strain is accommodated better. The dynamic recrystallization(DRX) type is continuous DRX(CDRX) regardless of the planar stress state. However, the CDRX degree is greater under the planar extension stress state.Some twin lattices deviate from the perfect {10-12} twinning relation due to the planar compression stress state and the CDRX. The basal texture is weakened when the planar stress state tends to change the texture components.
文摘Steady-state non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (SNSGA), a new form of multi-objective genetic
algorithm, is implemented by combining the steady-state idea in steady-state genetic algorithms (SSGA) and the
fitness assignment strategy of non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA). The fitness assignment strategy is
improved and a new self-adjustment scheme of σshare is proposed. This algorithm is proved to be very efficient both
computationally and in terms of the quality of the Pareto fronts produced with five test problems including GA
difficult problem and GA deceptive one. Finally, SNSGA is introduced to solve multi-objective mixed integer linear programming (MILP) and mixed integer non-linear programming (MINLP) problems in process synthesis.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21361023 and 21461023)
文摘A new coordination polymer, {[Cd(OPY)(tdc)(HO)]·H2 O}n(OPY = 4,4?-(oxybis(4,1-phenylene))dipyridine, H2 tdc = thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acid), has been synthesized hydrothermally based on a V-shaped ligand OPY. The structure was fully characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. In1, two OPY ligands and one water molecule acted as terminal ligands coordinating to Cdcation to form [Cd(OPY)HO]units, which are then linked by tdc2-ligands to generate a one-dimensional chain. Every two adjacent chains linked by extensive O–H···O hydrogen bonds constitute one-dimensional double-chains, and such chains are extended into two-dimensional layers via O–H···N hydrogen bonds. These layers are further connected to form a three-dimensional supramolecular architecture via π-π stacking interactions. In addition, the thermal stability and solid state fluorescence property of 1 were also investigated.
文摘Railway transportation system is a critical sector where design methods and techniques are defined by international standards in order to reduce possible risks to an acceptable minimum level. CENELEC 50128 strongly recommends the utilization of finite state machines during system modelling stage and formal proof methods during the verifi- cation and testing stages of control algorithms. Due to the high importance of interlocking table at the design state of a sig- nalization system, the modelling and verification of inter- locking tables are examined in this work. For this purpose, abstract state machines are used as a modelling tool. The developed models have been performed in a generalized structure such that the model control can be done automatically for the interlocking systems. In this study, NuSMV is used at the verification state. Also, the consistency of the developed models has been supervised through fault injection. The developed models and software components are applied on a real railway station operated by Metro Istanbul Co.
基金This work was supported by the Science Research Foundation of Yangtze University
文摘CPDT-TCNQ and its derivatives are good candidates for charge-transfer acceptors. In this work, the electronic ground and excited states of CPDT-TCNQ as well as its difluoro and dimethyl derivatives are studied. The ground state optimized structures and energies were obtained using a restricted (closed-shell) density functional theory (DFT) as approximated by the various hybrid functionals (RB3LYP, RB3P86, RB3PW91). The 6-31G** and 6-31+G** basis sets were employed in calculations. All derivatives are planar and exhibit a quinoid structure in their electronic ground states. The energy and oscillator strength of the first 15 singlet-singlet electronic transitions have been investigated by applying the dine-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) approximations to the correspondingly optimized ground state geometries. The results show the strongest absorption in electronic spectra of molecules due to the HOMO-LUMO electronic transition of the thiophene backbone.