Nurses’ Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Personal Protective Equipment for the Prevention of COVID-19 in Public Hospitals Khartoum State Sudan 2022

Since December 2019, there had been a series of unexplained cases of pneumonia reported in Wuhan, China, and on 12 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) named this new virus as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). The Novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an emerging, rapidly changing global health challenge affecting all sectors, including the health sector. This study aimed to investigate nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the prevention and control of COVID-19. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses in three public health hospitals in Khartoum state. A self-administered questionnaire was used. A total of 14 knowledge questions were adopted. There are 5 questions constructed for attitude. A total of 12 practice questions were used. Mean score of knowledge considers as follows when the mean more than 75% considers as good knowledge while this percent uses as good practice and poor practice respectively to analyze the mean score differences of knowledge, attitudes, and practices between the independent variables. Spearman correlation was used to assess the relationship between mean knowledge and attitude scores. Results: Of the 101 nurses approached, a total of 100 nurses responded (99.0% response rate). The mean age of the participants was 27.6 (SD 5.3) years, and the majority of the participants were male (293/434, 67.5%). The mean knowledge score was 1.01 (SD 0.100). The mean attitude score was 10.5 (SD 4.1), and 54.8% (238/434) of the participants had a good attitude toward COVID-19. The mean practice score was 1.4176 (SD 1.4176). There was a negative correlation between knowledge and attitude scores (P < -0.014) and between knowledge and practice scores (P < -0.081). Conclusions: The overall levels of knowledge and practice and attitude were good.

Intersection-pavement de-icing: comprehensive review and the state of the practice

Winter maintenance operations are crucial for pedestrian and motorist safety and public mobility on urban streets and highways in cold regions, especially during winter storms. This study provides a comprehensive literature review of existing deicing technologies, with emphasis on electrical resistance-heating deicing technologies for possible applications in areas with concentrated traffic, such as street intersections and crosswalks. A thorough review of existing and emerging deicing technology for snow/ice melting was conducted. The performance of various deicing methods was evaluated and the installation and operation cost of the electrical resistance-heating methods compared. Finally, current state of the practice of intersection/crosswalk winter maintenance was surveyed among state departments of transportation in North America. The intersection/crosswalk winter maintenance procedure adopted by the State of Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities was described, and the annual winter maintenance and operation cost per intersection was estimated. It was found that the annual energy cost of an electrical resistance-heating method such as the carbon-fiber-tape deicing technology is about the same as the average annual maintenance and operation cost of current practice. In addition, an automatic electrical resistance-heating deicing system will bring benefits such as minimized delay time and improved safety for pedestrian and vehicular traffic in an urban application.

Effects of Farmers’ Practices on Maize (<i>Zea mays</i>) Contamination by Potential Aflatoxigenic Fungi and Aflatoxin in Benue State, Nigeria

Aflatoxin associated with a number of cereals and legumes is estimated to increase the chances of developing primary liver cancer in 152.7 and 61.1 cancer/year/100,000 population of infants and children, respectively in Nigeria. This study was carried out to assess the implications of some agronomic practices on the infestation of aflatoxigenic fungi and total aflatoxin in maize produce in Benue State. Two maize sample types (Pre-harvest and Post-harvest) collected from 3 locations in Benue State were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar for fungi isolation and identification. Moisture content and total aflatoxin concentration were determined (ELISA method) in both pre-harvest oven dried and farmer’s post-harvest sun dried samples. Information on agronomic practices was obtained with the aid of questionnaire. T-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the data with confident levels set at 95&#37;. Overall, 5 mould genera were identified: Aspergillus (44.0&#37;), Fusarium (24.44&#37;), Botryodiplodia (17.78&#37;), Rhizopus (15.56&#37;) and Penicillium (4.44&#37;). Moisture content of oven dried samples was significantly less than that of farmers sun dried samples (t = 10.45, P < 0.001). Similarly, a significant difference in total aflatoxin concentration was recorded between farmers sun dried and oven dried samples (t = 2.37, P = 0.03). Half of the farmer’s sun dried samples had aflatoxin concentration above the recommended EU (4 ug/Kg) limit, but none of the pre-harvest oven dried samples exceeded EU limits. Maize samples from fertilized farms were more likely than non-fertilized farms to have higher aflatoxin concentration (P = 0.002). Similarly, Maize seeds purchase from the open market were more likely than seeds from previous harvest to be contaminated with aflatoxin (P = 0.003). The study advocates rapid drying of timely harvested maize so as to reduce or stop the action of heavy field fungi contaminants as well as aflatoxin accumulation.

Indigenous Land Management Practices and Land Cover Change in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

This work sought and identified the different types of land covers;detected the changes in land cover and examined the driving forces of such changes in Ibiono Ibom Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Satellite images data of the area for 1986 and 2006 were collected for analysis. Household level social survey was conducted to generate data on the socio-economic variables. The images were subjected to principal component analysis to reduce and compress the data while the supervised image classification algorithm was applied to process the images into different land cover classes. The change detection algorithm in Erdas imagines was applied to measure and calculate the land cover change of the area. The result of the social survey revealed that 58% of the occupation was land based while in terms of yearly income, 65 percent earned less than $300 (#48000). The change detection carried out revealed an increase in areas of secondary forest while bush fallow recorded a reduction up to 34.02 hectares (56.55%) within the study period. Socio-economic variables of poor income and mode of land preparation for farming were the major drivers of change. Based on the findings, it is recommended that the slash and burn mode of land preparation be discouraged.

Bivariate Logistic Regression of Knowledge as Predictor of the Practice of Female Genital Mutilation in Ekiti State,Nigeria

Female genital mutilation/cutting(FGM/C)is a harmful traditional practice with severe health implications among women and girls.This study determined whether knowledge reduced the practice of female genital mutilation and identified the socio-demographic factors that predicted the practice of female genital among parents in Ekiti State,Nigeria.A cross-sectional quantitative research method was employed among 600 selected parents in the three senatorial districts of Ekiti-State,Nigeria between March and June 2019.A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data.Our analysis revealed that 468(78%)of the respondents believed that the practice was high as against 132(22%)who said the practice was low.Female is two times more likely to practice FGM than male(OR=1.614,B=0.479,p<0.05,CI=1.088-2.394).Respondents with low knowledge were significantly 11 times likely to practice female genital mutilation compared with respondents with high knowledge(OR=10.597,B=2.361,p<0.05,CI=6.813-16.483).Those who lived in rural areas were two times significantly(OR=1.690,B=0.525,p<0.05,CI=3.246-13.197)likely to practice female genital mutilation than the urban dwellers.The study concluded that respondents’knowledge,location(urban/rural),sex,age,and ethnicity were strong predictors of the practice of FGM/C in Ekiti-State,Nigeria.With these findings in mind,the community institutions would play a great role in changing the community through spreading information about the health implications of FGM/C for the practice to be drastically reduced.

A Practical Quantum Network Coding Protocol Based on Non-Maximally Entangled State

In many earlier works,perfect quantum state transmission over the butterfly network can be achieved via quantum network coding protocols with the assist of maximally entangled states.However,in actual quantum networks,a maximally entangled state as auxiliary resource is hard to be obtained or easily turned into a non-maximally entangled state subject to all kinds of environmental noises.Therefore,we propose a more practical quantum network coding scheme with the assist of non-maximally entangled states.In this paper,a practical quantum network coding protocol over grail network is proposed,in which the non-maximally entangled resource is assisted and even the desired quantum state can be perfectly transmitted.The achievable rate region,security and practicability of the proposed protocol are discussed and analyzed.This practical quantum network coding protocol proposed over the grail network can be regarded as a useful attempt to help move the theory of quantum network coding towards practicability.

Finite-Key Analysis for a Practical High-Dimensional Quantum Key Distribution System Based on Time-Phase States

High-dimensional quantum states key distribution(HD-QKD) can enable more than one bit per photon and tolerate more noise. Recently, a practical HD-QKD system based on time-phase states has provided a secret key at Mbps over metropolitan distances. For the purposes of further improving the secret key rate of a practical HD-QKD system, we make two main contributions in this work. Firstly, we present an improved parameter estimation for this system in the finite-key scenario based on the Chernoff bound and the improved Chernoff bound. Secondly, we analyze how the dimension d affects the performance of the practical HD-QKD system.We present numerical simulations about the secret key rate of the practical HD-QKD system based on different parameter estimation methods. It is found that using the improved Chernoff bound can improve the secret key rate and maximum channel loss of the practical HD-QKD system. In addition, a mixture of the 4-level and 8-level practical HD-QKD system can provide better performance in terms of the key generation rate over metropolitan distances.

Bottleneck Merge Control Strategies for Work Zones: Available Options and Current Practices

Maintenance and rehabilitation projects of interstate facilities typically mandate lane closures. Lane closures require merging maneuvers that often result in reduced speeds and traffic bottlenecks. Conventionally, bottleneck merge control plans are developed to address bottlenecks impacts. However, there is a need to better understand the various merge control options and their potential impacts on traffic operations and safety. This study reviewed available options and current practices of bottleneck merge control strategies at work zones, and summarized transportation agencies’ considerations to mitigate adverse impacts. An extensive literature review was performed and a questionnaire survey was developed and used to gather relevant information. Input was solicited from all US State Departments of Transportation. Responses from 27 States revealed that transportation agencies currently rely on experience when selecting a bottleneck merge control strategy and often do not consider influence on construction activities. Thus, a gap was identified between bottleneck merge control and construction plans. Another gap was identified regarding the lack of formal criteria or guidelines for selecting a bottleneck merge control strategy. These gaps need to be addressed through investigating the influence of bottleneck merge control strategies on construction activities, and the development of formal criteria for effective selection of such strategies.

Practice of＂Russification＂ in the Late Imperial Russia： The Case of the Central Caucasus

The problem of relationships between the center and outlying regions of the Russian Empire had always particular acuteness. Both historically determined ethno-cultural and socio-political mosaicity of Russia and nature of the Russian state defined priorities of its national policy, aimed at preserving unity and integrity of the country. An ideological basis for forming the imperial universe was the idea of ＂Russification＂. The fulfillment of the ＂Russification＂ policy in the North Caucasus was to a large extent bound up with an administrative practice, aimed at rearrangement of the local social structures and standardization of the variety of local organizational forms of management. One of the elements of ＂Russification＂ was also colonization, so far as the Russian settlers not only changed the regional socio-demographic background, but brought with them a certain ＂imperial complex＂. Patterns of positive motivation for ＂Russification＂ among local population are found in the field of education, which gave for the mountaineers an opportunity to successful integration into another civilization. However, the processes of imperial unification were fraught with a high conflict potential. The meeting of indigenous social structures with the Russian statehood was inevitably accompanied with the break-up of the whole system of established traditional relations and social roles.

中国共产党领导的国家翻译实践先锋探索

国家翻译实践是个人或机构为实现国家利益所开展的翻译活动。中国共产党领导的译者群体便是其真实写照。回顾历史,这一群体与其他群体以国家名义开展翻译实践的根本不同之处在于坚持“译行合一”,即自建党起,陈独秀和李大钊领导一批先进知识分子通过翻译、接受、传播与实践马克思主义挽救民族危机。这成为伟大建党精神的重要体现。“译行合一”可成为译学领域开展中国共产党人精神谱系研究与建构的先导与示范,彰显党员译者在国家翻译实践中的模范作用。

国有企业ESG实践与共享价值创造——基于扎根理论的研究

国有企业在我国国民经济中具有特殊重要的地位和作用,践行ESG理念对于引领国企高质量发展具有重要意义。文中采用扎根理论研究方法,构建了国有企业ESG实践与共享价值创造的理论框架,分析了ESG行为提升企业价值创造能力的作用机制。以中央企业华润电力为案例对象,通过对华润电力文本和数据资料的编译研究,研究证实:华润电力基于服务国家战略、回应用户诉求和探索商业机会三个履责动因,从环境管理、社会责任与公司治理三方面践行ESG理念,从而影响利益相关者选择,在这一过程中既创造了社会价值,又实现了商业价值,实现了共享价值创造。丰富了企业ESG行为经济后果的研究,为国有企业推进低碳转型,创造共享价值,实现高质量发展提供了案例证据和参考。

《2024年美国胃肠病学会临床指南:酒精相关性肝病》摘译

美国胃肠病学会于2024年1月在American Journal of Gastroenterology发表了酒精相关性肝病(ALD)的临床指南。该指南对ALD和酒精使用障碍的流行病学及疾病负担、ALD危险因素、酒精使用障碍的诊断与治疗、ALD疾病谱、ALD处理及公共政策与预防等方面进行了详细地阐述。本文对其推荐意见和关键概念/陈述进行摘译。

“混合学街”的样态表征、实践价值与政策贡献

“混合学街”是温州市第二职业中等专业学校首创的职业院校混合所有制办学新模式,其样态表征体现在三个方面:基础在“混合”、关键在“治理”、核心在“育人”。对“混合学街”的实践探索深化了产教融合、优化了产教资源的合理配置、推动了职业学校高质量发展,不仅为混合所有制办学政策创新提供了典型模式、路径方法,也为混合所有制办学政策创新增添了勇气信心。

范蠡规划越国新都蠡测

都城是国家的政治文化中心,都城规划设计是关系立国立都的大事。春秋末期,吴越两国争霸,结怨相伐,筑城为据。公元前490年,吴王夫差释放了越王勾践,勾践归国后,委托范蠡建设新都。范蠡利用今绍兴府山南麓兴建山阴小城,接着又在小城东侧兴建大城。根据东汉时赵晔撰《吴越春秋·勾践归国外传第八》的描述,对越国新都进行规画复原,揭示规划设计的思想观念与技术方法。

“最优控制与状态估计”教学改革与实践

针对“最优控制与状态估计”课程的特点及以往教学过程中存在的问题,从融入思政元素、突出工程背景、激发学生工程实践能力等方面进行了探讨。在思政元素融入方面,从思想政治素质教学案例设计、科学素养教学案例设计两方面进行;在教学内容优化方面,从工程教学案例设计和引入工程软件两方面开展;在分阶段多元化考核方式改革方面,凸显了不同教学阶段的考核方式和考核重点。改革实践提升了思想政治教育的教学效果,培养了学生的创新思维与实践能力,为学生全面提升分析问题和解决问题的综合科研能力奠定了良好的基础。

虚拟现实技术赋能美国教师教育实践训练的历程、效果、走向及启示

虚拟现实技术作为一种能够将学习者置身于虚拟环境中的革命性工具,正在重塑教育的生态与未来。美国最早开始运用虚拟现实技术辅助教师教育实践训练,这一过程经历了虚拟现实技术与教育的初步结合、深度交融及催生专业平台新形态3个阶段。在实践效果上,教师教育实训专业平台通过多元主体的交互性提升了实训真实感、依靠虚拟情境的多感知性营造了实训沉浸感、凭借实践过程的自主性提高了自我效能感。展望未来,虚拟现实技术赋能美国教师教育实践训练的趋向包括实训模式的智能化、实训理论的多样化、实训内容的个性化和实训评价的二元化。世界各国都在积极应对和推动教育教学智能化。在未来较长时间里,智能化教育教学将是我国教育改革的重点方向,而虚拟现实技术赋能则是这一改革的重要基础与路径。

清代的“国宴”与用酒规制

清代的“国宴”与用酒有着较为严格的规制,“国宴”款待对象按其重要程度分为王公大臣、边疆地区民族首领、各国使节和千叟宴上的耆老四类。而“国宴”用酒品类较多,主要包括奶酒、烧酒、黄酒和玉泉酒。其中,奶酒所占分量较重,为宫中所垄断;在筵宴来华使节与边疆地区民族首领时,由光禄寺请领使用,而黄酒和烧酒则被广泛应用于各种类型的“国宴”,主要由光禄寺自行酿制。宫中酿制的玉泉酒也被用于清代的“国宴”,但由于玉泉酒为内务府管控,并不见于《大清会典》,长期不为人知。与清代皇帝对酒的认识密切相关,清代各时期“国宴”严格控制酒的用量。

晚清国家翻译的海外实践——以“法政丛编”编译为例

晚清留日学生组织湖北法政编辑社编译出版了中国近代第一套大型法政丛书——“法政丛编”。本文基于国家翻译理论,对“法政丛编”的编译动因、文本特点和实践特征进行了研究。研究发现,“法政丛编”编译受晚清改良法律、营办新学、奖励游学等因素的驱动,呈现出翻译环境优越、译者资源集聚、语言文化邻近等特征,但同时也存在翻译组织具有临时性、管理体系较为松散、资源配备有限等局限性。“法政丛编”丰富了我国国家翻译实践的类型,对之加以深入探究有助于推动新时代国家翻译理论和实践的发展。

基于T态模型的课程考核方案改进与实践

课程考核方案的T态模型从两个维度提升考核设计:横向的要素设计维度,即学习者知识、能力及素质在考核中均有衡量;纵向思考深度,逻辑的价值递进性。管理沟通课程考核方案的改进以T态模型为框架,旨在提升课程的“高阶性”与“挑战度”。通过建立“目标导向”试题库,构建网络教学资源库、建立阶段性考核方案、构建线上线下结合的立体考核模式来进行考核的改进。具体实施的过程中,课前布置、课中投票问答、课后测验和期末测试均围绕增强应用性、灵活性的原则,构建丰富性、反思性强的考核体系。实施效果表明新的考核方案能够提高学习者参与度和学习积极性,有助于培养学习者终身学习的习惯、提升团队协作与解决复杂问题的能力,形成了横纵交织的课程考核结构,横联纵进效应的高品质、目标导向的整体考核。

主动循环呼吸训练联合讲解-模拟-练习-沟通-支持模式护理对肺癌术后患者心理状态及心肺功能的影响

目的探讨主动循环呼吸训练(ACBT)联合讲解-模拟-练习-沟通-支持模式(ESPCS)护理对肺癌术后患者心理状态及心肺功能的影响。方法将2017年9月—2020年9月接受常规护理干预的80例肺癌术后患者设为对照组,将2020年10月—2023年9月接受ACBT联合ESPCS护理的80例肺癌术后患者设为联合组,2组患者均持续干预2个月。比较2组患者心理状态、心脏功能指标、肺功能指标、生活质量以及并发症发生情况。结果干预后,联合组心理状态优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。干预后,联合组左室射血分数(LVEF)、第1秒用力呼气容积(FEV_(1))、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV_(1)与FVC比值(FEV_(1)/FVC)、肺活量(VC)、每分钟最大通气量(MMV)、生活质量和6 min步行试验(6MWT)结果高于对照组,二尖瓣口舒张期早期和收缩早期最大血流速度比值(E/A)、左室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)、呼吸频率和Borg量表评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合组并发症发生率为8.75%,低于对照组的21.25%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论ACBT联合ESPCS护理可以改善肺癌术后患者心理状态,提高心肺功能和生活质量,降低并发症发生率。