Liberals, Communitarians, Republicans and the Intervention of the State in the Private Sphere

The aim of this paper is to discuss whether the increasing intervention of the state in the private sphere-as is evidenced in labor laws, consumer rights, bioethics, and Internet crimes-is compatible with the liberal ideal of neutrality, or, on the contrary, whether it can be seen as a turning point towards the position of communitarian or republican authors, for whom the state must endorse a substantive good. Such a turning point could lead to a reformulation of the public and private spheres, and of course, raise questions over which values justify which kinds of intervention. This paper will cover these debates in three parts： First, by presenting briefly the history of the liberal conception of rights, I will try to show that, from a starting point based mostly on individual protection, the liberal tradition has become more interventionist, which can be seen through the notion of ＂claim rights.＂ Departing from John Rawls＇s work, I will argue that this notion allows for some level of intervention, without betraying liberal neutrality. Subsequently, I will discuss the difference between this kind of intervention and the ones proclaimed by communitarians and republicans authors： The former will be illustrated by Michael Sandel＇s criticism of Rawls in Liberalism and the Limits of Justice, and the later by Richard Dagger＇s position in Civic Virtues, Citizenship, and Republican Liberalism. Finally, in the third part, we＇ll discuss whether liberal principles can be harmonized with the republican and communitarian focus on civic virtues and good life.

Discussion on the Challenges Surrounding Anti-microbial Resistance,Using Relevant Case-study Examples

The advent of antimicrobial drugs has made a huge contribution to human society,but their commodity nature has given rise to behaviors such as abuse and overuse,leading to the emergence of resistance to antimicrobial drugs and other hazards.Nowadays,the structure of interests formed by various stakeholders in the market circulation of antimicrobial agents has become unbalanced,and government intervention as a breakthrough still faces many challenges.This paper discusses the AMR challenges of government intervention under the interest structure in the context of case studies in the Global North and the Global South areas from the point of view of human health in terms of stagnant R&D processes for novel antimicrobial drugs,a profit-oriented neoliberal atmosphere that mismatches production trends of antimicrobial drugs with market demand,the prevalence of private institutions lacking effective regulation,incomplete government interventions,and the difficulty of pursuing the WHO strategic plan on antimicrobial resistance,etc.

"Fengqiao Model" and the Structural Changes of Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in China

As the idea of diversified dispute resolution becomes common sense,the structural relations of different dispute resolution mechanisms have become the focus of practice reforms and theoretical controversies in China.The 60-year development of the"Fengqiao Model"has always focused on the overall design of the dispute resolution system,which provides a foundation and plenty of materials for understanding these structural relationships.Combined with the development of social theory,this paper summarizes a general structural theory of dispute resolution mechanisms based on the"Fengqiao Model."This theory advocates that the structure of dispute resolution mechanisms is the outcome of the integration of state intervention,social self-regulatory,and their interactions with various dispute resolution mechanisms.It can be used to explain the formation and change of the dispute resolution system in China,the structural strain in recent years,the overall plan of structural adjustment since 2012,and the next strategic core of profound adjustment.It also can be used to explain why the"Fengqiao Model"is so persistent and widely applicable,and how the"Fengqiao Model"be converted from a local model to an overall requirement,showing the great meaning of adhering to and developing the"Fengqiao Model'at present.

On the Theory of Chinese Legal Education in the New Era in the New Era of Dispute Resolution Mechanisms in China

The Central Committee of the Community Party of China with Comrade XI Jinping at its core has made strategic thinking and top-level design for Chinese legal education in the new era, put forward a series of new concepts, ideas and strategies that are epochal, iconic, and original, and created a scientific and modernized theory of Chinese legal education in the new era. The theory on Chinese legal education for the new era, as an important part of XI Jinping Thought on the Rule of Law, profoundly answers significant questions about the orientation, goal, status, relationship, management, and system of Chinese legal education in the new era, and guides us to build a leading country in legal education.