Clinical application of Chinese Nanjing persistent vegetative state scale

Background:It is a challenge to characterize the consciousness level of patients with severe disturbance of consciousness and predict their prognosis effectively for Chinese doctors.We aimed to investigate the psychometric property and the diagnostic practicality of severe disturbance of consciousness by Chinese Nanjing persistent vegetative state scale(CNPVSS)which was first set up in 1996 and modified in 2001 and 2011.Methods:The concurrent validity,inter-rater consistency and diagnostic accuracy of CNPVSS and Chinese version of coma recovery scale-revised(CRS-R)were investigated by assessment of 380 patients with severe disorders of consciousness.Results:Total scores of the CNPVSS were correlated significantly with that of the CRS-R,indicating acceptable concurrent validity.Sub-scale analysis showed moderate to high inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability.CNPVSS was superior to CRS-R on the diagnosis sensitivity.The CNPVSS was able to distinguish 65 patients in emergence from minimal consciousness state who were misclassified as in minimal consciousness state(MCS)by the CRS-R,and it could also distinguish two patients in MCS who were misclassified as in vegetative state by the CRS-R.Conclusion:The CNPVSS is an appropriate measurement and is sensitive to distinguish the MCS patients from the VS patients.

Weak wide-band signal detection method based on small-scale periodic state of Duffing oscillator

The conventional Duffing oscillator weak signal detection method, which is based on a strong reference signal, has inherent deficiencies. To address these issues, the characteristics of the Duffing oscillator＇s phase trajectory in a small- scale periodic state are analyzed by introducing the theory of stopping oscillation system. Based on this approach, a novel Duffing oscillator weak wide-band signal detection method is proposed. In this novel method, the reference signal is discarded, and the to-be-detected signal is directly used as a driving force. By calculating the cosine function of a phase space angle, a single Duffing oscillator can be used for weak wide-band signal detection instead of an array of uncoupled Duffing oscillators. Simulation results indicate that, compared with the conventional Duffing oscillator detection method, this approach performs better in frequency detection intervals, and reduces the signal-to-noise ratio detection threshold, while improving the real-time performance of the system.

INTERDECADAL SEA LEVEL VARIATION AT THE JAPANESE COAST AND LARGE SCALE CLIMATE STATE

Thirty years of monthly mean anomalies of sea level(SL) at 15 Japanese coastal stations, sea sur-face temperature (SST) and sea level pressure (SLP) in or over the northern Pacific were analyzed bycanonical correlation analysis (CCA) to study the relationship between the interdecadal SL variationand large scale climate state. Given two time-varying fields this technique identifies the pair ofspacial patterns with optimally correlated time series.The results show that there are two important air-sea interactive processes in the extratropicalPacific region for the variation of the SL at the Japanese coast on interdecadal scale. One is theocean heating or cooling of the atmosphere over the Kuroshio extension region, which results in ahuge SLP anomalous vortex with planetary spacial scale big enough to change the global climate. An-other is the large Kuroshio meander phenomenon controlled by the large-scale wind-stress curls oneyear earlier in the adjacent region of the Hawaiian Islands. The first process

History and evaluation of national-scale geochemical data sets for the United States

Six national-scale,or near national-scale,geochemical data sets for soils or stream sediments exist for the United States.The earliest of these,here termed the ＇Shacklette＇ data set,was generated by a U.S. Geological Survey（USGS） project conducted from 1961 to 1975.This project used soil collected from a depth of about 20 cm as the sampling medium at 1323 sites throughout the conterminous U.S.The National Uranium Resource Evaluation Hydrogeochemical and Stream Sediment Reconnaissance（NUREHSSR） Program of the U.S.Department of Energy was conducted from 1975 to 1984 and collected either stream sediments,lake sediments,or soils at more than 378,000 sites in both the conterminous U.S.and Alaska.The sampled area represented about 65%of the nation.The Natural Resources Conservation Service（NRCS）,from 1978 to 1982,collected samples from multiple soil horizons at sites within the major crop-growing regions of the conterminous U.S.This data set contains analyses of more than 3000 samples.The National Geochemical Survey,a USGS project conducted from 1997 to 2009,used a subset of the NURE-HSSR archival samples as its starting point and then collected primarily stream sediments, with occasional soils,in the parts of the U.S.not covered by the NURE-HSSR Program.This data set contains chemical analyses for more than 70,000 samples.The USGS,in collaboration with the Mexican Geological Survey and the Geological Survey of Canada,initiated soil sampling for the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project in 2007.Sampling of three horizons or depths at more than 4800 sites in the U.S.was completed in 2010,and chemical analyses are currently ongoing.The NRCS initiated a project in the 1990s to analyze the various soil horizons from selected pedons throughout the U.S.This data set currently contains data from more than 1400 sites.This paper（1） discusses each data set in terms of its purpose,sample collection protocols,and analytical methods;and（2） evaluates each data set in terms of its appropriateness as a national-scale geochemical database and its usefulness for nationalscale geochemical mapping.

Development of a Scale to Evaluate the Depressive State among Elderly Patients in General Wards

This study aims to develop a scale to evaluate depressive states among elderly patients in general wards, and verify the reliability and validity of the scale. Based on the results of interviews with nurses, we developed a draft of a scale comprised of 48 questions (NDE48). The Geriatric Depression Scale short version (GDS15), and the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were administered to 54 elderly patients. Two groups of nurses completed the NDE48 on different days. After performing an explanatory factor analysis, the NDE48 was simplified to a 16 question item scale (NDE16), comprising three factors. The correlation coefficient between GDS15 and NDE16 was 0.41 (p = 0.00191), and between SDS and NDE16 was 0.30 (p = 0.02633). Alpha coefficient of the total score of NDE16 was 0.88. For inter-rater reliability, the correlation coefficient was 0.57 (p = 0.00005). The findings suggest that the NDE16 will be highly useful when nurses evaluate depressive states among elderly inpatients.

Development of a Scale to Evaluate Depressive States among Elderly Patients in General Wards —Verification of the Contents to Improve the Accuracy of the Scale

Purpose: This study aims to verify the validity of the contents of the Nurse Administered Depression Scale for Elderly Inpatients16 (NDE16) using the Delphi approach in order to further improve the accuracy of the NDE16, a scale for rating potential depressive states in elderly inpatients through the observations reported by nurses. Methods: Participants were nurses working in general wards for longer than 3 years and who expressed consent to the study participation. Data were collected using the Delphi method (3 times). Responses are scored from 1 to 5 (3 - 5 points as positive) using the Likert method. The standard criteria for inclusion in the further evaluation are “mean ≥ 3.0”, “standard deviation < 1.0”, “median ≥ 3.0”, and “IQR ≤ 1.0”. Items that meet all the criteria at the third survey are employed as question items in the final questionnaire. Results: The respondents were 139 females, 10 males, and 1 unknown, aged 25 to 65. The collection rates of the three surveys were 75% to 82%. Based on the results of the first survey, wordings of 9 questions were modified. Since Question 13 “Queries are not really responded to.” did not meet the criteria (IQR = 2) at the third survey, we excluded this question and named the revised scale NDE15. Discussion: The reason why Question 13 did not meet the criteria could be due to the difficulty in distinguishing “Expressing thought suppression” from the state of cognitive decline in dementia. Further studies are needed to determine cutoff points.

The Brunel Mood Scale Rating in Mental Health for Physically Active and Apparently Healthy Populations

There is a positive relationship between mood states and mental health. The aim of the present study was to investigate the construct validity and internal consistency of the Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) for use with different populations, which are physically active and apparently healthy. Measures were obtained from 1295 male (N = 709, 34 ± 20 years, mean ± SD) and female (N = 576, 43 ± 24 years, mean ± SD) volunteers. Factor analysis was used, verifying that six factors (components) accounted for 62.65% of the total variance of the scale. The Varimax method with Kaiser Normalization for the rotation of the factors for the main components, and it was observed that the 24 scale items loaded on six mood factors (anger, depression, tension, vigor, fatigue, and confusion). Internal consistency was good for all the factors identified. We suggest that the results provide some support for validity of the BRUMS for use with different populations, which are physically active and apparently healthy.

STEADY-STATE RESPONSES AND THEIR STABILITY OF NONLINEAR VIBRATION OF AN AXIALLY ACCELERATING STRING

The steady-state transverse vibration of an axially moving string with geometric nonlinearity was investigated. The transport speed was assumed to be a constant mean speed with small harmonic variations. The nonlinear partial-differential equation that governs the transverse vibration of the string was derived by use of the Hamilton principle. The method of multiple scales was applied directly to the equation. The solvability condition of eliminating the secular terms was established. Closed form solutions for the amplitude and the existence conditions of nontrivial steady-state response of the two-to-one parametric resonance were obtained. Some numerical examples showing effects of the mean transport speed, the amplitude and the frequency of speed variation were presented. The Liapunov linearized stability theory was employed to derive the instability conditions of the trivial solution and the nontrivial solutions for the two-to-one parametric resonance. Some numerical examples highlighting influences of the related parameters on the instability conditions were presented.

Decentralized Iterative Learning Controllers for Nonlinear Large-scale Systems to Track Trajectories with Different Magnitudes

在为大规模工业进程的层次不变的优化编程，一种可行技术是使用真实系统的信息以便修改基于模型的最佳。在这种情形，有不同大小的步功能类型控制决定的一个序列被计算，由哪个真实系统连续地被刺激。在这份报纸，一套反复的学习控制器为大规模非线性的工业过程的一个班在分散的模式被嵌进层次不变的优化的过程。为每个分系统的控制器被用来产生升级的控制信号的一个序列以便与不同规模承担顺序的步骤控制决定的责任。学习控制设计的目的是连续地精制系统的短暂性能。借助于卷绕旋转积分的 Hausdorff 年轻的不平等，更新的规则的集中在 Lebesgue-p 标准的意义被分析。集中上的非线性和相互作用的发明被讨论。建议控制计划的有效性和有效性被一些模拟表明。

Filter-based iterative learning control for linear large-scale industrial processes

In the procedure of the steady-state hierarchical optimization with feedback for large-scale industrial processes, a sequence of set-point changes with different magnitudes is carried out on the optimization layer. To improve the dynamic performance of transient response driven by the set-point changes, a filter-based iterative learning control strategy is proposed. In the proposed updating law, a local-symmetric-integral operator is adopted for eliminating the measurement noise of output information,a set of desired trajectories are specified according to the set-point changes sequence, the current control input is iteratively achieved by utilizing smoothed output error to modify its control input at previous iteration, to which the amplified coefficients related to the different magnitudes of set-point changes are introduced. The convergence of the algorithm is conducted by incorporating frequency-domain technique into time-domain analysis. Numerical simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed strategy,

GNSS/MEMS IMU车载组合导航中IMU比例因子误差的影响分析

从系统状态模型出发,分析比例因子误差对组合导航精度和计算量的影响,同时基于车载运动的特点分析比例因子误差的观测性,提出一种仅保留航向陀螺仪和水平加速度计比例因子误差的降维状态模型。实验结果表明,当比例因子误差大于6×10^(-3)时,增广比例因子误差有助于提高导航精度,但计算量增加约170%;降维模型能够达到高维模型的导航精度,与不增广比例因子误差相比,计算量仅增加约70%。

规模经济与国有文艺院团效率增进——来自山西省的证据

规模经济是制造业和服务业供给主体必须追求的目标,艺术表演业也不例外。本文利用1989—2021年山西省国有院团的统计数据,构造长期平均成本产出函数,发现山西省国有文艺院团存在规模经济效应,但是成本产出组合偏离最优组合;国有经营院团生产效率优化空间较大,集体经营院团更能促进规模经济效应的形成。在做强做大文艺表演产业,提升国有文艺院团质量的同时,应降低院团运营中的管理冗余,充分发挥规模经济效应。

Full time adult credential students?instructional preferences at California State University, Long Beach: pedagogy or andragogy?

This study investigated the instructional preferences of full time adult credential students after they took a live course called Principles of Adult Education at California State University, Long Beach (CSULB) in the fall semester of 2002. These full time adult credential students had been working on their adult teaching credentials to meet the competencies specified by the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing. The course introduced students to Andragogy developed by Malcolm Knowles out of the andragogical model developed by Lindeman (1926). The study used Principles of Adult Learning Scales (PALS), advanced by Gary Conti in 1983 to measure instructional preferences. Data were collected from 30 (100% of 30) full time adult credential students enrolled in a live course to determine their instructional preferences of helping adults learn. The results of the study showed in most cases these adult learning professionals taught adult students andragogically; in some cases they taught adult students pedagogically.

Predictive Factors for Smartphone Dependence: Relationship to Demographic Characteristics, Chronotype, and Depressive State of University Students

We investigated factors contributing to smartphone dependence. To 196 medical university students, we administered a set of self-reporting questionnaires designed to evaluate demographic characteristics, smartphone dependence, chronotype, and depressive state. Smartphone dependence was evaluated using the Wakayama Smartphone-Dependence Scale (WSDS) with 3 subscales: Subscale 1, immersion in Internet communication;Subscale 2, using a smartphone for extended periods of time and neglecting social obligations and other tasks;Subscale 3, using a smartphone while doing something else and neglect of etiquette. Multiple regression analyses revealed that living in a family, eveningness, and presence of depression were associated with Subscale 1, that living in a family and eveningness were also associated with Subscale 2, and that being a man was associated with Subscale 3. These findings suggest that smartphone dependence can be predicted by factors such as gender, mode of residence, chronotype, or depressive state.

保持主导振荡模态的双馈风电场动态聚合等值方法

针对风电场详细建模出现的“维数灾”问题,计及双馈风电机组各控制环节与系统振荡模态的关系,以保持等值前后主导振荡模态一致为目标,提出考虑风电机组多时间尺度级联特性的风电场站等值聚合方法。首先考虑风电机组多控制环节级联建立风电场状态空间模型;其次,利用振荡能量级判别系统主导振荡模态,并基于参与因子分析不同模态的关键影响因素;在此基础上,以主导振荡模态的关键影响因素为分群指标,结合自编码器进行数据降维处理,经改进聚合算法聚类和拓扑变换获取等值参数等环节后得到等值模型。最后,在Matlab平台分别搭建单机模型和含24台双馈风电机组的风电场模型,验证了所提等值方法的有效性。

临界状态土的物理标度律

土的临界状态理论描述了土有效应力、抗剪强度与土密实度之间的对应关系,大量土力学试验还揭示了土体强度与加载速率存在相关性。考虑到颗粒物质是自然土体的实际载体,从颗粒物理本源出发,将流态颗粒惯性数I发展为考虑砂土密实程度(即初始颗粒体积分数Ф0)的准静态颗粒物理惯性数Q=Ф0[ln(I)+α]。以砂土的经典三轴试验数据为基础,探究了处于临界状态土的颗粒物理标度律,发现颗粒的摩擦系数μ与准静态颗粒惯性数Q之间满足简单的μ=ξQ线性关系。新建立的简单物理标度律能够统一刻画处于临界状态砂土的密实状态、剪切速率、围压和粒径等因素与土内摩擦角间复杂的经验关系。为描述受剪颗粒准静态变形的体变规律,进一步探索了临界状态下土颗粒体积分数与准静态颗粒惯性数间的相关性。对三维应力状态情况,引入一个新的无量纲量“中主应力数”对标度律进行拓展,可揭示中主应力对临界状态砂土摩擦特性的影响。

Circular Scale of Time as a Guide of the Schrödinger’s Perturbation Theory

The paper is a kind of a review which considers an investigation of the scale of time suggested by an application of the Schr&ouml;dinger perturbation method, especially when the perturbation of a non-degenerate quantum state is examined. In fact the method was applied in numerous cases—also by Schr&ouml;dinger himself—without any use of the notion of time. Simultaneously, because of the development of computers, their use in solving the perturbation problems gradually decreased. However, the point of importance in the paper became the time. We demonstrate that collisions of a quantum system with the perturbation potential can be arranged along a circular scale of time whose properties provide us precisely with the energy terms obtained by the Schr&ouml;dinger perturbation theory. This validity of results is checked till the perturbation order N = 7.

基于储能系统多重约束的一次调频策略

基于荷电状态(state of charge,SOC)控制储能系统参与一次调频时,由于储能系统出力约束条件较为单一,因而限制了储能系统的性能。针对此问题提出一种基于储能系统多重约束的一次调频策略。首先,把通过双层模糊控制方法确定储能系统多时间尺度调频死区作为第1重约束条件,避免火电机组与储能电池频繁动作。其次,将SOC作为第2重约束条件,约束因子作为第3重约束条件,基于logistic曲线构建惯性与下垂综合控制模型,约束储能系统出力。最后,通过高精度SOC构建快速均衡函数,缩短SOC均衡时间。通过搭建仿真模型分别在阶跃负荷扰动和连续负荷扰动的工况下验证所提控制策略有效性。

中国南京持续性植物状态评分量表在急性意识障碍患者的应用

目的探讨中国南京持续性植物状态评分量表(CNPVSS)对急性意识障碍(DOC)患者评估的信度和效度。方法选择2020年1月—12月在南京紫金医院入院接受早期重症康复治疗、病程≤28 d、符合入组条件的253例DOC患者,分别用格拉斯哥昏迷评分量表(GCS)和CNPVSS进行评分,计算不同性别患者GCS和CNPVSS评分结果的相关性,并且对比分析两个量表的信度和效度。结果入组患者的DOC程度较重,气管切开率在80%左右。GCS评分结果男性为8(6,10)、女性为8(5,10),CNPVSS评分结果男性为3(2,7)、女性为3(1,6);两个量表评分结果在男女均有统计学显著相关(P<0.001)。CNPVSS的信度指标克朗巴赫α系数(男0.905,女0.882)高于GCS(男0.580,女0.665);效度指标Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin(KMO)值(男0.846,女0.834)也高于GCS(男0.559,女0.593)。结论CNPVSS可用于急性DOC患者评估,且有较好的信度和效度。

自适应节点规模的区块链分片可扩展模型

分片是解决区块链可扩展性问题的核心技术,然而现有分片方案普遍采用预定分片规模的静态分片方式,这与公链开放低门槛的分布式环境不匹配。当网络中的节点数大幅增加时静态分片方式难以及时充分地发挥全部节点的性能,当网络中的节点数大幅减少时又会增加分片内的安全隐患。为此,构建一种自适应节点规模变化的动态分片可扩展模型(DSSM)。在基础分片上建立分层的逻辑分片,通过支持状态归约允许节点在不同层级的分片上进行状态同步。在逻辑与基础分片间建立满二叉树的逻辑关系,通过分片的动态分裂和合并来扩张和收缩分片规模,实现分片规模的自适应调整。实验结果表明,DSSM在节点数量大幅增加时通过自适应扩展分片规模使网络吞吐量得到了近乎翻倍的提升,在节点数量大幅减少时通过自适应收缩分片规模保证了网络的最低安全要求。