It is not clear whether the method used in functional brain-network related research can be applied to explore the feature binding mechanism of visual perception. In this study, we inves-tigated feature binding of col...It is not clear whether the method used in functional brain-network related research can be applied to explore the feature binding mechanism of visual perception. In this study, we inves-tigated feature binding of color and shape in visual perception. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 38 healthy volunteers at rest and while performing a visual perception task to construct brain networks active during resting and task states. Results showed that brain regions involved in visual information processing were obviously activated during the task. The components were partitioned using a greedy algorithm, indicating the visual network existed during the resting state.Z-values in the vision-related brain regions were calculated, conifrming the dynamic balance of the brain network. Connectivity between brain regions was determined, and the result showed that occipital and lingual gyri were stable brain regions in the visual system network, the parietal lobe played a very important role in the binding process of color features and shape features, and the fusiform and inferior temporal gyri were crucial for processing color and shape information. Experimental ifndings indicate that understanding visual feature binding and cognitive processes will help establish computational models of vision, improve image recognition technology, and provide a new theoretical mechanism for feature binding in visual perception.展开更多
Multitarget stool DNA(mt-sDNA) testing was approved for average risk colorectal cancer(CRC) screening by the United States Food and Drug Administration and thereafter reimbursed for use by the Medicare program(2014).T...Multitarget stool DNA(mt-sDNA) testing was approved for average risk colorectal cancer(CRC) screening by the United States Food and Drug Administration and thereafter reimbursed for use by the Medicare program(2014).The United States Preventive Services Task Force(USPSTF) October 2015 draft recommendation for CRC screening included mt-s DNA as an "alternative" screening test that "may be useful in select clinical circumstances",despite its very high sensitivity for early stage CRC.The evidence supporting mt-s DNA for routine screening use is robust.The clinical efficacy of mt-s DNA as measured by sensitivity,specificity,life-years gained(LYG),and CRC deaths averted is similar to or exceeds that of the other more specifically recommended screening options included in the draft document,especially those requiring annual testing adherence.In a population with primarily irregular screening participation,tests with the highest point sensitivity and reasonable specificity are more likely to favorably impact CRC related morbidity and mortality than those depending on annual adherence.This paper reviews the evidence supporting mt-s DNA for routine screening and demonstrates,using USPSTF's modeling data,that mt-s DNA at three-year intervals provides significant clinical net benefits and fewer complications per LYG than annual fecal immunochemical testing,high sensitivity guaiac based fecal occult blood testing and 10-year colonoscopy screening.展开更多
制造供应链计划是制造供应链管理的关键问题,它不仅需要分配生产任务和控制库存,还需要解决不同工厂(企业)间的运输配套问题.为统一描述具有复杂产品生产过程(包括装配型、分解型和多输入多输出型等)的生产任务、存储任务和不同模式(包...制造供应链计划是制造供应链管理的关键问题,它不仅需要分配生产任务和控制库存,还需要解决不同工厂(企业)间的运输配套问题.为统一描述具有复杂产品生产过程(包括装配型、分解型和多输入多输出型等)的生产任务、存储任务和不同模式(包括单种物料独立运输模式和多种物料组合运输模式)的运输任务,提出了扩展状态任务网(extended state task network,简称ESTN).扩展状态任务网用比例转化任务统一描述生产任务、存储任务和单种物料独立运输任务,用虚比例转化任务和组合移动任务共同描述多种物料组合运输任务.应用扩展状态任务网,meta启发式方法在求解制造供应链问题时更容易编码和操作.为求解基于ESTN的制造供应链计划模型,提出了具有多样性检测的参考解集更新策略与分散性解变异策略的路径重连算法.路径重连算法维护一个由高质量解(精英解)组成的参考解集,将一个向导精英解的属性逐步引入一个起始精英解而形成的中间解序列(路径),并用此中间解序列更新参考解集以获得进化.计算实例表明,该路径重连算法比标准遗传算法、标准Tabu搜索算法以及普通路径重连算法能够获得更好的解,证明了多样性检测对参考解集更新的关键作用以及分散性解变异策略在提高解的质量上的能力.展开更多
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by impaired perception, delusions, thought disorder, abnormal emotion regulation, altered motor function, and impaired drive. The default mode network （DMN）, s...Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by impaired perception, delusions, thought disorder, abnormal emotion regulation, altered motor function, and impaired drive. The default mode network （DMN）, since it was first proposed in 2001, has become a central research theme in neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. In this review, first we define the DMN and describe its functional activity, functional and anatomical connectivity, heritability, and inverse correlation with the task positive network. Second, we review empirical studies of the anatomical and functional DMN, and anti-correlation between DMN and the task positive network in schizophrenia. Finally, we review preliminary evidence about the relationship between antipsychotic medications and regulation of the DMN, review the role of DMN as a treatment biomarker for this disease, and consider the DMN effects of individualized therapies for schizophrenia.展开更多
基金financially supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.61170136,61373101,61472270,and 61402318Natural Science Foundation(Youth Science and Technology Research Foundation)of Shanxi Province,No.2014021022-5Shanxi Provincial Key Science and Technology Projects(Agriculture),No.20130311037-4
文摘It is not clear whether the method used in functional brain-network related research can be applied to explore the feature binding mechanism of visual perception. In this study, we inves-tigated feature binding of color and shape in visual perception. Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 38 healthy volunteers at rest and while performing a visual perception task to construct brain networks active during resting and task states. Results showed that brain regions involved in visual information processing were obviously activated during the task. The components were partitioned using a greedy algorithm, indicating the visual network existed during the resting state.Z-values in the vision-related brain regions were calculated, conifrming the dynamic balance of the brain network. Connectivity between brain regions was determined, and the result showed that occipital and lingual gyri were stable brain regions in the visual system network, the parietal lobe played a very important role in the binding process of color features and shape features, and the fusiform and inferior temporal gyri were crucial for processing color and shape information. Experimental ifndings indicate that understanding visual feature binding and cognitive processes will help establish computational models of vision, improve image recognition technology, and provide a new theoretical mechanism for feature binding in visual perception.
文摘Multitarget stool DNA(mt-sDNA) testing was approved for average risk colorectal cancer(CRC) screening by the United States Food and Drug Administration and thereafter reimbursed for use by the Medicare program(2014).The United States Preventive Services Task Force(USPSTF) October 2015 draft recommendation for CRC screening included mt-s DNA as an "alternative" screening test that "may be useful in select clinical circumstances",despite its very high sensitivity for early stage CRC.The evidence supporting mt-s DNA for routine screening use is robust.The clinical efficacy of mt-s DNA as measured by sensitivity,specificity,life-years gained(LYG),and CRC deaths averted is similar to or exceeds that of the other more specifically recommended screening options included in the draft document,especially those requiring annual testing adherence.In a population with primarily irregular screening participation,tests with the highest point sensitivity and reasonable specificity are more likely to favorably impact CRC related morbidity and mortality than those depending on annual adherence.This paper reviews the evidence supporting mt-s DNA for routine screening and demonstrates,using USPSTF's modeling data,that mt-s DNA at three-year intervals provides significant clinical net benefits and fewer complications per LYG than annual fecal immunochemical testing,high sensitivity guaiac based fecal occult blood testing and 10-year colonoscopy screening.
文摘制造供应链计划是制造供应链管理的关键问题,它不仅需要分配生产任务和控制库存,还需要解决不同工厂(企业)间的运输配套问题.为统一描述具有复杂产品生产过程(包括装配型、分解型和多输入多输出型等)的生产任务、存储任务和不同模式(包括单种物料独立运输模式和多种物料组合运输模式)的运输任务,提出了扩展状态任务网(extended state task network,简称ESTN).扩展状态任务网用比例转化任务统一描述生产任务、存储任务和单种物料独立运输任务,用虚比例转化任务和组合移动任务共同描述多种物料组合运输任务.应用扩展状态任务网,meta启发式方法在求解制造供应链问题时更容易编码和操作.为求解基于ESTN的制造供应链计划模型,提出了具有多样性检测的参考解集更新策略与分散性解变异策略的路径重连算法.路径重连算法维护一个由高质量解(精英解)组成的参考解集,将一个向导精英解的属性逐步引入一个起始精英解而形成的中间解序列(路径),并用此中间解序列更新参考解集以获得进化.计算实例表明,该路径重连算法比标准遗传算法、标准Tabu搜索算法以及普通路径重连算法能够获得更好的解,证明了多样性检测对参考解集更新的关键作用以及分散性解变异策略在提高解的质量上的能力.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81271484,81471361,30900486,and 81371480)the National Basic Research Development Program(973 Program)of China(2012CB517904)the Nation Sponsored Study Abroad Program from China Scholarship Council(201506370095)
文摘Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by impaired perception, delusions, thought disorder, abnormal emotion regulation, altered motor function, and impaired drive. The default mode network （DMN）, since it was first proposed in 2001, has become a central research theme in neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. In this review, first we define the DMN and describe its functional activity, functional and anatomical connectivity, heritability, and inverse correlation with the task positive network. Second, we review empirical studies of the anatomical and functional DMN, and anti-correlation between DMN and the task positive network in schizophrenia. Finally, we review preliminary evidence about the relationship between antipsychotic medications and regulation of the DMN, review the role of DMN as a treatment biomarker for this disease, and consider the DMN effects of individualized therapies for schizophrenia.
