Landscape Aesthetic Characteristics of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property and Realization Path of Aesthetic Education Value

Wulingyuan is a world natural heritage property mainly dominated by rare quartz sandstone peak forest landscape at home and abroad and supplemented by karst landscapes,with a large number of geological and historical sites,biological and ecological landscape and unique cultural landscapes.Preserving the secluded and beautiful scenery environment,biological environment and ecosystem of subtropical zone,Wulingyuan presents a splendid and magnificent landscape,with high aesthetic value,and becomes an important practice base of aesthetic education.The aesthetic education value of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property can be realized by systematically studying and presenting the aesthetic education value of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property,developing a series of aesthetic education courses to lead tourists into the world of Wulingyuan aesthetic education,carrying out a series of popular science activities of“Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property Entering Campus”,and incorporating into the aesthetic education curriculum system of schools,etc.This paper analyzes the landscape aesthetic characteristics of Wulingyuan World Natural Heritage Property thoroughly,which indicates the direction for realizing the aesthetic education value of the property,and also provides a reference for realizing the aesthetic education value of similar world natural heritage property.

Research on the development of the natural tourism resources in the countryside based on the perspective of the ecological aesthetics

The cartier that the natural tourism projects rely on should be the objective natural environments, including the mountains, water, animals and plants and so on, which are the object present before the development of the project. Therefore, what the natural tourism projects should first be ＂the economic value of the natural resources＂. However, after the man-made planning and being given the humanity, they have the ＂economic value of the human resources＂. In the construction of the future path of the development, we should also have the dynamic study on the subjective preferences of the Chinese consumers. The change of these subjective preferences directly results from the change of the levels of their own income.

Effect of Change of Natural Aesthetic View on Formation of Chinese Traditional Garden Style

The paper had studied the source of natural aesthetic view,discussed the great significance of world view of "unity between heaven and human",concluded the complement and deepening of "unity between heaven and human" by different schools,and proposed that artistic beauty was the distinctive feature of Chinese traditional garden.From the perspective of historical development,it had made a general survey of the change of Chinese traditional natural aesthetic view,analyzed main content and characteristics of it at the generating stage,forming stage and development stage,and emphasized that characteristics of each stage formed on the basis of natural aesthetic consciousness of last stage.Based on this,by combining the development of traditional gardens,effect of change of natural aesthetic view on gardens had been analyzed,and correspondingly,development of gardens had been divided into three stages which were forming stage,emergence of natural landscape garden and emergence of artistic landscape garden.It highlighted the great significance of natural aesthetic view in gardens,and inspired that Chinese modern landscape garden and landscape design should be based on natural aesthetic view,combine with change of modern citizens' aesthetic view,and then carry forward Chinese traditional natural aesthetic view.

Estimation on Aesthetic Value of Tourist Landscapes in a Natural Heritage Site:Kanas National Nature Reserve,Xinjiang,China

Most world natural heritage sites are designated partly by reason of their prominent aesthetic values in accordance with Article Ⅶ of World Natural Heritage Convention.In this paper, the aesthetic values of Kanas National Nature Reserve, which has potential for such designation, was analyzed quantitatively using scenic beauty estimation(SBE).The landscapes of 19 representative scenic spots in the Kanas National Nature Reserve in summer and autumn were selected as the objects of evaluation.The contributions of different landscape factors to the aesthetic value of the Kanas National Nature Reserve were revealed using a multivariate quantitative model.The main factors affecting the aesthetic value were waterscapes, vegetation, mountains, folk culture and the tourist environment.The t-test and F-test results are extremely significant.According to the results, some suggestions were given for conserving the landscapes in the Kanas National Nature Reserve.

The Aesthetics of Nature in Deleuze＇s Philosophy

In Critique of Pure Reason （1996）, Immanuel Kant says that the term ＂aesthetic＂ means ＂the science of the laws of sensibility＂ and suggests giving up usage of it to indicate ＂the critique of taste＂ which executes the criticism of the beautiful. It is well known that Gilles Deleuze was inspired by all genres of the arts, namely movies, paintings, music, and so on. However, this paper argues that what is more essential for Deleuzian philosophy is aesthetics as a science of sensibility. What motivated Deleuze, especially from the 1950s to the 1960s, seems to have consisted in discovering the weaknesses of the Kantian aesthetic in order to take it apart. In fact, one of the main themes in Difference and Repetition （1994） was to free ＂sensibility＂ itself from Kant＇s philosophical system. This theme subsisted in his writing even after the 1970s, and led him to develop a ＂natural philosophy＂ of sorts. This is because the supposition that ＂the sensibility itself＂ is independent from any human faculties gave him an opportunity to carefully consider the multiplicity and productivity of Nature itself. Finally, Deleuze created his own ＂ethology＂ that would capture the increasingly interrelated movements within Nature produced by heterogeneous elements. This paper describes the process of Deleuzian thought as outlined above, surveying his view of Kantian philosophy and the development of his natural philosophy as ＂the aesthetics of Nature.＂

A Brief Analysis of the Influence of Mountain and Water Elements in Chinese Classical Gardens on the 18th Century British Natural Landscape Gardens

In the 18^(th)century,British gardens began to transform from a classical to a natural landscape style.During this period,they were influenced by the economy,local nature,as well as foreign cultures.The 18^(th)century was the golden period of cultural exchange between China and the West which gave Britain the opportunity to absorb the cultures of Chinese classical gardens.British gardeners had used various elements of Chinese classical gardens as their point of reference which promoted the development of British natural landscape gardens.

课程美学论纲

课程美学兴起于20世纪70年代的美国课程研究领域,当前国内的相关研究既缺乏整体的理论框架,也未能观照中国美育传统与课程改革的现实。基于本体论、人性论、认识论与价值论四个方面构建课程美学研究的整体框架。以“心理本体”来考察课程与美学的关系,阐明课程美学是将课程本身视为美的存在,以美学的理论和方法来建构课程理论及探究课程问题。以“和合人性”作为课程美学建构的理想参照,课程结构要依据人性结构来设置。以“审美认识”的辨明为前提,课程教学实践是一种认识型艺术,与审美认识具有高度的契合性。课程美学的价值旨趣在于追寻“成人之美”的人格理想,确立“反观自身”的方法论立场,恢复课程知识与生活世界的感性联系。课程美学要以课程审美化建构开展实践,而圆满性、融合性、动态性是课程的审美性特质。

自然美理论重建的知识学考察

生态世界观的兴起是自然美理论重建的知识前设,并从“主体融入”“自然复魅”与“实践共同体”三个方面确立了自身的哲学观念。在生态世界观的知识预设下,赫伯恩建构的“环境美学”和阿多诺对自然美“非同一性”的生态正义伦理得以明确,彰显了自然美理论重建的两种思路。自然美理论的重建是在时代条件、理论背景与学科趋势等深厚的知识论语境中进行。主体环境保护意识的深化与生态伦理观念激发了自然美的实践价值;后现代存在哲学与本真自然的呈现凸显了自然美的理论积淀;美学史内在话语的自然生态转向体现出理论的纠偏与丰富。对自然美的重新关注是当代美学重构的一个契机。

一咏三叹,由景至境——《诗经·国风》中自然景观展现特征及先民审美模式研究

《诗经》是我国诗歌史上举足轻重的存在,《国风》正是《诗经》的精华。在《国风》诗中,大量的诗歌涉及到了自然景观,而对于《诗经》的研究大多集中在文史哲领域,立足于风景园林学的相关研究较为匮乏,作为描写风景的最早诗篇尚未被研究颇为遗憾。因此将其作为研究重点,首先对《国风》中的自然景观要素进行提取、分类,分析其特点,得出其层次性和分时性的展现规律,以此为基础总结出先民既存型、演化型和类比型三种审美模式,即对中国人原生情感中的自然景观的感知方式和审美模式的溯源。寻找中国人对自然景观情感的原始表达,以及遗传意义,以期为现今的风景遗产保护与景观设计提供参考与启示。

维柯美本质论的意义与价值

作为美学学科的奠基人,维柯以他对人类社会史与自然史相分离和认识与实践相联系的研究开辟了实践论美学的源头。基于起源不同的各民族具有一个共同的真理基础的理论,维柯经过长期思考,赋予“各部分及其整体的和谐”新的内涵,对美的本质作了规定。维柯在对维纳斯雕像所具有的通过想象、激情、类比、隐喻等“诗性逻辑”所创造出来的艺术魅力的综合考察中归纳出美的本质理论。这个理论涵盖了人类社会共同的审美意识以及自然美、艺术美和人体美的性质,揭示了美的普遍规律和“诗性逻辑”的本质,为美学学科的创立奠定了哲学基础。文章在已有研究的基础上,通过对维柯《新科学》和前期论著中相关论述的仔细分析,运用文本细读和历史批评的方法证明了维柯美本质论的内涵和价值,发现了维柯美本质论的整体性和系统性,阐释了维柯美本质论的美学史意义,对推进维柯美学思想的研究具有一定的价值。

一语万古新:元好问五言诗的审美取向

元好问是金元政权更迭时期最为耀眼的一位作家,其诗歌主要以沉郁苍凉的七言丧乱诗著称。与其丧乱诗相较,元好问的五言诗审美风格又有明显不同。其五言诗在审美取向上更为清新质朴,崇尚自然,主要体现为诗歌内容上对山水田园的亲近、诗歌风格上强调天然淳朴的性情,以及诗歌境界上流露出的达观淡泊。元好问这种追求质朴浑成的五言诗审美取向,为唐以后的五言诗史作出新的审美贡献。

广州中心城区花坛的自然生境营造与审美转变

通过现场调查统计分析广州中心城区60个城市花坛的使用现状、生境营造的情况,发现广州中心城区花坛普遍存在设计形式单一化严重、岭南文化特色不明显、植物配置较为固化、市民体验感不强等问题。为促进城市绿化理念的升级与国民审美观念的转变,本文提出生态网络一体化策略、“花城”特色景观呈现、低养护植物科学配置、智慧园林与现代治理、提升生物多样性和公众互动性等广州中心城区花坛生境营造的策略与建议。

瓦·拉斯普京作品中的生态美学观

传统美学以人类为中心,视自然为附庸,把“美”当成人类的主观感受。而生态美学则坚持认为,美不仅是人类的体验,更是大自然中一切生命的本质属性。人与自然和谐共生、人与万物平等是生态美学的审美理想。俄罗斯著名乡土文学作家拉斯普京的作品书写大自然及传统乡村生活,渲染大自然及其中生命的自身之美,讴歌人类融入大自然的和谐之美,体现了他独特的生态美学观。

生态美学视野下陶瓷装置中的现代“自然观”文化逻辑隐喻

20世纪80年代,生态美学观念应运而生。此观念启发了各界学者对于中国“天人合一”观念的回溯。文章首先阐述传统文脉中的生态观念,以此引出生态美学概念的由来。核心章节以对都市文明的批判、废弃材料的回收再利用、人与自然的和谐共生等主题创作的优秀案例分析为论据,通过当代陶艺作品表达生态美学观在现代性“自然观”文化逻辑中的隐喻,剖析生态美学观念对艺术创作的影响。在艺术创作过程中漠视传统审美思维中人与自然被视为主客体的二元对立性,重构协调人与自然和谐共生的现代化永续关系。

设计介入乡村自然美育助力乡村振兴实践研究

目的对乡村自然美育设计中存在的问题进行思辨,并界定自然之美、明晰自然美育方法,探索设计介入乡村自然美育方法,构建乡村自然美育设计实践路径。方法运用情感化设计中本能层、行为层、反思层与自然美育方法中的感物、格物、体物进行创新结合,对乡村自然美育进行系统设计,提出乡村自然美育设计创新方法与模型,并对河北省承德市围场县银窝沟乡银里村特产资源——蘑菇进行自然美育设计实践,并对实践效果进行验证与评估。结论通过评估结果值显示,银里自然美育实践基本达到了设计目标和效果。具体表现为培育格物之趣,即通过情感化设计介入乡村自然美育环节中,培育社会大众客观、深入、细致地了解乡村自然所具有的诸特性与功能,重视自然科学在乡村自然美育中发挥的作用,同时培育环境美德,即以自然史为宏观背景,体察、观照、感知体验乡村自然对象独有的生态进化历程,培育尊重与感恩自然的环境美德,激活乡村振兴新动能。

走向整全审美生命:当代学校美育的人学探寻

当前学校美育实践存在着“人学空场”现象,表现为美育目的知识技能化、教学过程主体性弱化和育人功能狭隘化。在人学立场上,学校美育以“现实的人”为逻辑起点,通过审美活动确证人的本质,在审美关系中彰显人的主体性,最终使人在感性发展中走向全面发展。为此,学校美育应回归以美育人本位,重塑立德树人的审美向度;突破校内场域边界,实现全域覆盖的审美浸润;加强主体审美互动,构建师生共生的美育课堂;面向现实生活世界,唤醒整全发展的审美生命。

谈构建风景园林新自然观的重要性

当前人类的发展状态被视为是不可持续的,若不进行相应的调整,局势将难以逆转。为实现这一改变,我们亟须调整对本体论及自然的认知方式。首先,我们需要认识到人类本身就是自然的一部分。其次,我们需要修正对历史经验及自然观的理解。实现社会的可持续发展,不能仅依靠科学的论证,而要接纳自然的美学。这是一个感性的认知过程,并无科学的标准可言,需要通过人类自然体验的不断重复来实现。自然对人类的影响深远且意义重大,然而却常被我们忽视。人类接触自然、感受自然的好处众多,可简要概括为:提升人多角度理解世界的能力,从而让我们理解自己在自然中的位置以及与自然的关系。尽管自然危机日益严峻、生物多样性持续降低,当人们采取的行动都收效甚微,便更倾向于接受“事情本就是这样”,而失去了持续行动的意愿。然而,当我们视人类为自然的一部分,通过自然美学的感知,我们可以认识到人类的凝聚力,从而获得行动的动力。这意味着我们要接纳自然本真的面貌,包括其中不尽美观的、不尽宜人的部分,以及由人类农业生产和工业活动所带来的荒废的景观。通过自然的美学感知,我们有机会构建出一个与生物共存的绿色世界。作为风景园林设计师,我们的职责并非创造出一个有固定范式的成品,而更多在于为场地未来不可预测的且不受束缚的发展进程构建一套具有适应性的框架。自然的体验是个性化的、无法估量的,但也是可以与他人共享的,这些体验对于我们个人的福祉和人类的未来都至关重要。

The Influence of Aesthetic Ideology of TAO Yuan-ming on Classical Gardens in South China

Based on the contents and temperament of pastoral poetries written by TAO Yuan-ming,by centering on respecting the nature,indifference and optimism,and plainness and authenticity,the paper had analyzed aesthetic ideologies contained in his poetries.On this basis,it had discussed the influence of aesthetic ideology of TAO Yuan-ming on the style of classical gardens in South China,which were quiet and natural,elegant and fresh,simple and plain,and far-reaching in artistic conception.By combining with cases,it pointed out that the poetic prose had been directly quoted as the names of gardens or scenic spots of classical gardens in South China,and showed that the aesthetic ideology of TAO Yuan-ming had set up a successful ideal model for cultural landscapes,producing far-reaching influence on the aesthetic state of mind of gardeners or owners of gardens,further instilling humanistic spirit into classical gardens in South China.

自然美育课程实践的路径探索——以“北戴河地质认识实习”课程为例

自然美育是美育工作体系的重要内容,积极拥抱自然美育思想,对引发美育教学方式的创新、全面加强高校美育教学工作有着重要意义。“北戴河地质认识实习”是中国地质大学(北京)为了配合本科生修完“地球科学概论”课程之后而设立的野外实践性课程,是创新型地学人才培养的必修环节。笔者通过深入研究人与自然和谐共生下的自然美育发展路径,结合我校野外地质实习特色,将自然审美教育与野外实习学习相融合,共同掀起打造人与自然和谐共生格局的新局面,为实现这一伟大愿景注入崭新动力。