Analysis of the Application of Static Load Test in Bridge Bearing Capacity Testing

This article uses real engineering projects as examples to analyze how static load test technology is applied in testing the bridge-bearing capacity.The analysis covers aspects such as testing section layout,test load and efficiency coefficient,loading plan,evaluation optimization,test result modification,and result evaluation.The aim is to support the accurate detection and evaluation of bridge-bearing capacity.

LDRA Testbed在动车EBCU软件测试中的应用与研究

动车制动控制系统是高铁安全运行的重要保障。随着动车系统的复杂性和自动化程度的提高,对制动控制系统的软件测试也提出了更高的要求。文章通过将LDRA Testbed软件自动化测试工具应用于动车EBCU软件,详细介绍了静态分析、单元测试及集成测试的方法和步骤,并结合实际测试结果分析其有效性和重要性。通过全面的测试手段,不仅提高了EBCU软件的可靠性和安全性,还为动车制动控制系统的维护和优化提供了科学依据。

Mechanical properties and supporting effect of CRLD bolts under static pull test conditions

A device for supporting soft rock masses combined with a constant resistance structure characterized by constant resistance and large deformation at the end of a steel bar, known as the constant resistance and large deformation（CRLD） bolt, has recently been developed to counteract soft rock swelling that often occurs during deep mining. In order to further study the mechanical properties of the CRLD bolt, we investigated its mechanical properties by comparison with the conventional strength bolt（rebar） using static pull tests on many aspects, including supporting capacity, elongation, radial deformation, and energy absorption. The tests verified that the mechanical defects of the rebar, which include the decrease of bolt diameter, reduction of supporting capacity, and emergence and evolution of fracture until failure during the whole pull process, were caused by the Poisson＇s ratio effect. Due to the special structure set on the CRLD bolt, the bolt presents a seemingly unusual phenomenon of the negative Poisson＇s ratio effect, i.e., the diameter of the constant resistance structure increases while under-pulling. It is the very effect that ensures the extraordinary mechanical properties, including high resistance, large elongation, and strong energy absorption. According to the comparison and analysis of numerical simulation and field test, we can conclude that the CRLD bolt works better than the rebar bolt.

Digital Simulation of Full Scale Static Test of Aircraft

Full scale aircraft static test is a very important process of aircraft design, it is costly and time consuming. The testing accuracy and validity mainly depend on the rationality of the test scheme design. When the aircraft is being tested, the specimen＇s safety mainly depends on monitoring and understanding the testing data by way of evaluating the coherence with the digital simulation data synchyononsly. The test digital simulation can aid realizing above requirements and improving the test efficiency significantly during test scheme design stage or testing stage respectively. The key technologies and the solving methods of test digital simulation are presented and the application example is given.

Application of bi-directional static loading test to deep foundations

Bi-directional static loading test adopting load cells is widely used around the world at present, with increase in diameter and length of deep foundations. In this paper, a new simple conversion method to predict the equivalent pile head load-settlement curve considering elastic shortening of deep foundation was put forward according to the load transfer mechanism. The proposed conversion method was applied to root caisson foundation in a bridge and to large diameter pipe piles in a sea wind power plant. Some new load cells, test procedure, and construction technology were adopted based on the applications to different deep foundations, which could enlarge the application scopes of bi-directional loading test. A new type of bi-directional loading test for pipe pile was conducted, in which the load cell was installed and loaded after the pipe pile with special connector has been set up. Unlike the conventional bi-directional loading test, the load cell can be reused and shows an evident economic benefit.

Static load test and load transfer mechanism study of squeezed branch and plate pile in collapsible loess foundation

As a special geological phenomenon, the character of collapsible loess foundation is collapsible when penetrated by water. This character leads to the soil losing load bearing capacity largely and may lead to foundation failure. Pile is a popular foundation used in collapsible loess. The squeezed branch and plate pile is a new type of pile developed in recent years and has not be used in a project before. In this paper three squeezed branch and plate piles are tested in collapsible loess after immersion processing. The results may be used for reference in similar construction project, and to provide theoretical references for de- signing of the squeezed branch and plate piles in engineering practice.

Structural damage identification using test static data based on grey system theory

A new structural damage identification method using limited test static displacement based on grey system theory is proposed in this paper. The grey relation coefficient of displacement curvature is defined and used to locate damage in the structure, and an iterative estimation scheme for solving nonlinear optimization programming problems based on the quadratic programming technique is used to identify the damage magnitude. A numerical example of a cantilever beam with single or multiple damages is used to examine the capability of the proposed grey-theory-based method to localize and identify damages. The factors of meas-urement noise and incomplete test data are also discussed. The numerical results showed that the damage in the structure can be localized correctly through using the grey-related coefficient of displacement curvature, and the damage magnitude can be iden-tified with a high degree of accuracy, regardless of the number of measured displacement nodes. This proposed method only requires limited static test data, which is easily available in practice, and has wide applications in structural damage detection.

Research on Dynamic and Static Test Methods for Evaluating the Poisson's Ratio of Orien ted Strand Board

In this article,dynamic method and static method of testing Poisson's ratio of OSB(Oriented Strand Board)were proposed.Through modal and static numerical analyses,the position where the transverse stress is equal to zero was determined.The binary linear regression method was applied to express the gluing position of the strain gauge as a relational express ion that depended on the length-width ratio and width-thickness ratio of the canti-lever plate.Then the longitudinal and transverse Poisson's ratios of OSB were mea sured by the given dynamic and static methods.In addition,the test results of OSB Poisson's ratio were analyzed with the probability distribution of random variables.The results showed that using the proposed dynamic method and static method,the test results for longitudinal and transverse Poisson's ratios of OSB were quite consistent,despite the gluing position of the strain gauges being different.And these OSB Poisson's ratios were accorded with that obtained by the axial tensile method and the four-point bending method.OSB longitudinal and transverse Poisson's ratios followed Weibull distribution.

Seismic performance evaluation of an infilled rocking wall frame structure through quasi-static cyclic testing

Earthquake investigations have illustrated that even code-compliant reinforced concrete frames may suffer from soft-story mechanism.This damage mode results in poor ductility and limited energy dissipation.Continuous components offer alternatives that may avoid such failures.A novel infilled rocking wall frame system is proposed that takes advantage of continuous component and rocking characteristics.Previous studies have investigated similar systems that combine a reinforced concrete frame and a wall with rocking behavior used.However,a large-scale experimental study of a reinforced concrete frame combined with a rocking wall has not been reported.In this study,a seismic performance evaluation of the newly proposed infilled rocking wall frame structure was conducted through quasi-static cyclic testing.Critical joints were designed and verified.Numerical models were established and calibrated to estimate frame shear forces.The results evaluation demonstrate that an infilled rocking wall frame can effectively avoid soft-story mechanisms.Capacity and initial stiffness are greatly improved and self-centering behavior is achieved with the help of the infilled rocking wall.Drift distribution becomes more uniform with height.Concrete cracks and damage occurs in desired areas.The infilled rocking wall frame offers a promising approach to achieving seismic resilience.

Fuzzy Model Free Adaptive Control for Rotor Blade Full-Scale Static Testing

To eliminate the node traction coupling during wind turbine blade full-scale static testing,a model free adaptive control algorithm is presented based on fuzzy control performance function compensation. Based on the universal model theory,the fuzzy model free adaptive control( FMFAC) algorithm is designed by configuring the spot static testing experiences as compensation function F( ·). Then the algorithm implementation process is provided and its quick convergence is proved. Using software to establish static load coupling model of multi-nodes,simulate and verify the validity of FMFAC algorithm,which is applied to wind turbines blade full-scale static testing. The results show that the adaptive decoupling ability of FMFAC is better. The traction of four load points can stay steady and change coordinately. Process error is not over ± 6 k N. The error rate is lower than 1% in special phase.This algorithm effectively eliminates the traction coupling of the static testing process,and makes wind turbine blade testing steadily.

Technical Analysis of Highway Bridge Static Load Test

Highway bridges are an important part of the transportation industry and can promote social economic construction and development.In actual operation,highway bridges are often damaged due to overload and natural factors,which tend to affect the safety and shorten the service life of these bridges.Assessing the overall state and performance of highway bridges is therefore a key element.Static load test,which is a type of sustainable detection experiment,has many advantages,including low cost,high efficiency,and high accuracy.In this paper,the bridge structure is analyzed through the application of theoretical calculations and relevant comparisons,so as to judge the operating state of the bridge.

Static Load Test Detection of Continuous Rigid- Frame Railway Bridge

The quality of the continuous rigid-frame railway bridge is related to the safety of train operation,so it is necessary to test its stiffness,strength,and other indicators.Static load test is a common technique for bridge inspection.This article summarizes the purpose of the static load test for a continuous rigid-frame railway bridge,including the required equipment,operation methods,etc.,and lists examples to analyze the operation process and precautions of static load test,hoping to provide reference information for relevant personnel.

基于SmartRock传感技术的道砟静力循环平板载荷试验研究

基床道砟在交通荷载重复作用下的位移变形机制尚不清晰,为了研究道砟在静力循环荷载作用下的沉降规律和道砟颗粒的位移旋转特性,利用自行设计的静力循环平板试验模型装置,对道砟填料开展不同幅值下的静力循环平板载荷试验,结合SmartRock无线传感器技术分析道砟层不同位置颗粒接触变形特性,揭示循环加卸载过程中道砟沉降及旋转特性。结果表明:低、中、高3种幅值下的累积塑性变形分别为2.92、3.91、12.37 mm,且低幅值和中幅值工况的累积塑性变形量为高幅值工况的22.94%、30.71%,表现为道砟承载塑性变形对基底高压力敏感性高;建立峰值沉降量与循环次数和荷载幅值之间数学模型,可较好预测经过多次循环后道砟的峰值沉降量;在静力循环加卸载过程中,低幅值和中幅值工况的x、y轴转角的最大值分别为高幅值工况的22.19%、34.90%和32.45%、39.55%,颗粒绕x、y轴转动的概率远大于z轴,在一个方向的转动响应弱,必然会在另一个方向的转动响应强,且循环荷载作用是道砟填料磨损严重的重要原因之一。

2MW风力机全尺寸组合叶片的实验测试及仿真分析

针对由DU+NACA翼型组合的风力机叶片,在完成其气动性能分析的基础上,构建全尺寸叶片的实验测试方案与有限元仿真分析模型,提出载荷转换的计算方法及其实验测试加载方式,对全尺寸组合叶片进行正挥舞、负挥舞、正摆振、负摆振4个方向的静力试验和固有频率测试,以及模态分析与静强度仿真分析,所得结果显示叶片仿真分析所得到的固有频率与实测结果的相对误差小于3%,且第一阶固有频率与3倍叶片激励频率相接近,满足叶片的动力学性能要求;全尺寸叶片实验测试得到的应变与仿真分析结果具有相同的变化规律,证实了所建立全尺寸叶片测试方案与有限元仿真模型的可行性,同时所设计叶片具有良好的气动性能和较高的功率系数。

中性盐雾环境对异种材质自冲铆接接头静力学性能的影响

为了探究异种材质自冲铆接接头在中性盐雾腐蚀环境中的暴露时间对其静力学性能的影响,制备了DA-SPR接头和BA-SPR接头,并采用5%的NaCl中性盐雾腐蚀液分别进行了不同试验周期(0、168、336、504和840 h)的腐蚀试验。通过静拉伸试验、失重法等手段研究了中性盐雾腐蚀试验对接头静力学性能的影响规律,并利用场发射扫描电子显微镜对拉伸失效接头进行观察。试验结果表明:DA-SPR接头的最大拉伸静载荷值随着盐雾时间的增加持续减小,而BA-SPR接头最大拉伸静载荷值则随着盐雾时间的增加出现先增大后减小的变化趋势。在整个盐雾试验周期内,所有DA-SPR接头的能量吸收值都大于同腐蚀试验周期的BA-SPR接头。中性盐雾试验并没有改变DA-SPR接头的拉伸失效形式,而BA-SPR接头的拉伸失效形式虽都为上下板分离失效,但随着BA-SPR接头在中性盐雾试验环境中暴露时间的增加,铆钉由留在上板侧逐渐变化为铆钉从上板脱离,并出现铆钉头部的边缘处与钉身撕裂的情况。暴露在中性盐雾环境中的试样单位面积的腐蚀失重符合幂指数函数的变化规律,且有BA-SPR接头表层的腐蚀物锈层将加速其腐蚀,BA-SPR接头的腐蚀速率始终大于相同盐雾试验周期的DA-SPR接头。

一类双层高静低动刚度隔振系统试验研究

对一种由欧拉屈曲梁负刚度调节器与双层线性隔振系统并联构成的双层高静低动刚度隔振系统进行了试验研究。描述了高静低动刚度的力学原理,对欧拉屈曲梁负刚度调节器样机进行了压缩试验,验证了其负刚度机理。根据负刚度调节器并联形式的不同,设计了约束型和无约束型两类隔振系统,求解系统的消极隔振模型动力学方程,分析了两类隔振系统在不同上、下层刚度组合下的隔振性能。搭建两种高静低动刚度的隔振试验系统,通过扫频和定频试验验证了其隔振性能,并对结果偏差进行了分析。

一种X构型的负刚度NES抗震性能研究

为拓宽非线性能量阱(NES)的控制频率范围,提出一种引入负刚度的NES,由附加质量通过X型环绕弹簧产生非线性恢复力,增加准零刚度特性,同时调整控制动力参数,降低系统固有频率,能够有效提高NES的非线性和鲁棒性。采用拟静力试验方法,对所提出的负刚度NES模型进行低周往复加载,同时采用ABAQUS有限元软件完成负刚度NES的数值模拟,系统分析弹簧运动行程长宽比、预压缩量和刚度3种参数对负刚度NES抗震性能的影响。研究结果表明:这种X构型负刚度NES比常规NES表现出更宽的频率范围;调整弹簧刚度、长宽比和弹簧预压缩量都能拓宽NES的负刚度和频率变化范围,提高NES的耗能能力和抗震性能,有助于推广非线性结构控制技术在工程中的应用。

钢模块单元承插式柱-柱节点弯剪承载力研究

提出一种新型承插式柱-柱节点,采用内外套筒作为上下钢管柱的拼接构件,仅通过高强对穿螺栓拼装,可以满足建筑结构装配化的需求.针对其在弯剪作用下的承载性能,设计并制作了三个足尺试件进行静力加载试验,获得了节点的受力特征、破坏模式、极限承载力和应变分布等.建立数值模型,在验证数值模型正确性的基础上,对节点进行参数化分析,探讨了套筒灌浆、内套筒厚度、节点长度对节点极限承载力的影响.试验和数值模拟研究结果表明:内套筒近端板处至第一根竖向螺栓前是节点域传力的关键部位;套筒灌浆和减小节点长度能够延缓节点核心区应变发展,但影响程度有限;当保证节点长度和内外套筒相对抗弯刚度比一定时,套筒灌浆可使连接受力性能更优,极限承载力提高19.3%;控制其他参数相同,节点长度越大,“杠杆效应”越强,抗弯承载力也随之提高,节点长度由300 mm增加至600 mm,极限承载力提高15.1%;内套筒厚度越大,截面承载力的安全储备越高,内套筒厚度由8 mm增加至12 mm,极限承载力提高31.4%.基于“有限塑性发展强度准则”和“杠杆效应”理论提出了节点的抗弯承载力计算公式,通过和数值计算结果的对比,验证了计算式的准确性.

碳纤维复合材料与极地环境因素交互关系研究

目的揭示低温环境对碳纤维复合材料静态力学性能的影响,探讨极地环境因素的交互关系及其性能敏感性。方法采用正交试验设计,并通过极值与方差分析法探究各因素对材料性能影响的显著性与主次顺序。基于响应面法,建立力学性能指标与各环境因素间的二次回归模型,分析各因素之间的交互作用。结果碳纤维复合材料的硬度、抗拉强度和弹性模量对环境因素的敏感性存在差异。材料硬度和抗拉强度主要受辐照影响,其次为温度和覆冰厚度;弹性模量则受温度影响显著。响应面分析结果表明,温度、覆冰厚度与辐照之间存在明显的交互效应,尤其是对抗拉强度和弹性模量的影响更为显著,而对硬度的交互影响较弱。结论碳纤维复合材料在极地环境下表现出良好的稳定性与环境适应性,该研究将为碳纤维复合材料的极地应用提供一定的数据支持与理论基础。

采用UHPC连接的插槽式预制拼装桥墩抗震性能试验研究

利用超高性能混凝土(ultra high performance concrete, UHPC)材料特性,提出一种针对预制拼装桥墩的重力灌浆构造,即采用UHPC灌浆并依靠立柱自身重力完成拼接的插槽式连接构造。为研究该形式桥墩的抗震性能,设计完成了三个桥墩的拟静力试验,分别为整体现浇墩Z1、新型插槽式连接墩P1及现有“I型”连接墩P2,并采用OpenSees有限元软件做模拟分析,与试验结果对比分析。结果表明:三个桥墩的破坏形式一致,均为弯曲破坏;Z1墩与P1墩滞回曲线呈梭形,滞回环较为饱满,且相同位移加载循环下的滞回路径较为吻合,P2墩接口处钢筋与混凝土间黏结滑移影响较大,导致滞回环面积减小,桥墩整体滞回耗能能力降低;P1墩的耗能能力较Z1墩和P2墩分别提升7.0%、10.7%,呈现峰值荷载小、失效速率慢、极限位移大、滞回耗能多的骨架趋势。试验结果与有限元模拟结果较为吻合,抗震性能参数差幅在10.0%以内,新型插槽式连接墩可应用于实际工程。