A layout and connection optimization for static frequency divider is presented. The layout optimization provides a new circle topology transistors placement and reasonable connection structure, which reduces the paras...A layout and connection optimization for static frequency divider is presented. The layout optimization provides a new circle topology transistors placement and reasonable connection structure, which reduces the parasitic effectively and enables self-oscillation frequency enhancement. Besides, bandwidth enhancement techniques based on a center-tap capacitor in input balun design and inductive peaking in latch design are adopted to improve further high frequency performance with low power consumption. As a proof of concept, design of a divide-by-2 static frequency divider in 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology is reported. With single-ended input clock signal, the divider is measured to be operated from 40 to 90 GHz. Phase noise measurements of a 90 GHz input clock signal indicate ideal behavior with no measurable noise contribution from the divider. The divider followed by a buffer that can deliver more than-10 dBm output power, which is sufficient to drive succeeding stage. To the author's knowledge, the divider exhibits a competitive power dissipation and the highest FOM among silicon based frequency dividers that operating higher than 70 GHz.展开更多
根据人体肌肉硬度与肌肉舒适度具有因果关系的生理学特性,进行了由一组志愿者参与的、旨在研究操控件不同布局设计下人体静态姿势对肌肉硬度影响的试验。利用肌肉硬度仪测量了一组受试者在不同静态操作姿势下人体各相关肌肉硬度的变化情...根据人体肌肉硬度与肌肉舒适度具有因果关系的生理学特性,进行了由一组志愿者参与的、旨在研究操控件不同布局设计下人体静态姿势对肌肉硬度影响的试验。利用肌肉硬度仪测量了一组受试者在不同静态操作姿势下人体各相关肌肉硬度的变化情况,得到不同姿势下肌肉硬度的变化规律。通过对试验测得的肌肉硬度数据进行归一化处理并依据相关肌肉横断面积进行加权计算,给出肌肉舒适指数的概念;针对人体上身2自由度、3自由度关节动作情况,分别给出综合肌肉舒适指数的计算方法;最终提出了基于肌肉硬度试验数据的人体舒适度评价准则(Assessment system based on muscle hardness experiments,ASMH)。通过与工程中广泛采用的快速上肢评价准则(Rapid upper limb assessment,RULA)对比可知,此评价准则的准确度和适用性有所提高,评分值范围增加为1至12,评价等级增加至六个等级,更适合于操控件布局设计的人机工程学优化设计。展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 61701114the National Science and Technology Major Project under Grant 2017ZX03001020the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Southeast University (Grant No. YBJJ1811)
文摘A layout and connection optimization for static frequency divider is presented. The layout optimization provides a new circle topology transistors placement and reasonable connection structure, which reduces the parasitic effectively and enables self-oscillation frequency enhancement. Besides, bandwidth enhancement techniques based on a center-tap capacitor in input balun design and inductive peaking in latch design are adopted to improve further high frequency performance with low power consumption. As a proof of concept, design of a divide-by-2 static frequency divider in 0.13 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology is reported. With single-ended input clock signal, the divider is measured to be operated from 40 to 90 GHz. Phase noise measurements of a 90 GHz input clock signal indicate ideal behavior with no measurable noise contribution from the divider. The divider followed by a buffer that can deliver more than-10 dBm output power, which is sufficient to drive succeeding stage. To the author's knowledge, the divider exhibits a competitive power dissipation and the highest FOM among silicon based frequency dividers that operating higher than 70 GHz.
文摘根据人体肌肉硬度与肌肉舒适度具有因果关系的生理学特性,进行了由一组志愿者参与的、旨在研究操控件不同布局设计下人体静态姿势对肌肉硬度影响的试验。利用肌肉硬度仪测量了一组受试者在不同静态操作姿势下人体各相关肌肉硬度的变化情况,得到不同姿势下肌肉硬度的变化规律。通过对试验测得的肌肉硬度数据进行归一化处理并依据相关肌肉横断面积进行加权计算,给出肌肉舒适指数的概念;针对人体上身2自由度、3自由度关节动作情况,分别给出综合肌肉舒适指数的计算方法;最终提出了基于肌肉硬度试验数据的人体舒适度评价准则(Assessment system based on muscle hardness experiments,ASMH)。通过与工程中广泛采用的快速上肢评价准则(Rapid upper limb assessment,RULA)对比可知,此评价准则的准确度和适用性有所提高,评分值范围增加为1至12,评价等级增加至六个等级,更适合于操控件布局设计的人机工程学优化设计。
