Comprehensive Energy-Saving Optimization Model of Asynchronous Motor for Voltage Regulation Based on Static Synchronous Compensator

There are several problems existing in the direct starting of asynchronous motor such as large starting current,reactive power absorption from network side and weak interference-resistance,etc.Aiming at this,a comprehensive energy-saving optimization model of asynchronous motor for voltage regulation based on static synchronous compensator(STATCOM)is put forward.By analyzing the working principle and operation performance of static synchronous compensator regulating voltage,a new energy-efficient optimization method for asynchronous motor is proposed based on the voltage regulator model to achieve soft start,continuous dynamic reactive power compensation and the terminal voltage stability control.The multi-objective optimal operation of asynchronous motor is realized by controlling the inverter to adjust the reactive current dynamically.The strategy reduces the influence of starting current and grid voltage by soft starting,and realizes the function of reactive power compensation and terminal voltage stabilization.The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed model is verified by the simulation analysis and the results of comparison with the motor started directly.

Research on Open-circuit Fault Tolerant Control of Six-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Based on Fifth Harmonic Current Injection

This paper proposes a novel control approach for fault-tolerant control of dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) under one-phase open-circuit fault.A modified six-phase static coordinate transformation matrix and an extended rotating coordinate transformation matrix are investigated considering the influence of the fifth harmonic space on fault-tolerant control. These mathematical models are further analyzed in the fundamental space and the fifth harmonic space after the fault and to eliminate the coupling between the d-q axis voltage equation in the fundamental wave space and the d-q axis voltage equation in the fifth harmonic space, a secondary rotation coordinate transformation matrix is proposed. To achieve the purpose of reducing torque ripple, the fault-tolerant control method proposed in this paper not only takes the minimum copper loss as the constraint condition, but also injects the fifth harmonic current. The experimental result of current and torque is used to verify the accuracy of fault-tolerant control.

一种天基双基地InSAR系统的相位同步方法及验证情况

以德国的TanDEM-X双星编队干涉合成孔径雷达(InSAR)卫星系统为背景,提出了基于点频连续波同步信号双向对传,实现编队卫星InSAR系统相位同步的方法。文中给出了该同步方法实现的框架,对该相位同步方法的原理进行了理论推导,得出了补偿相位差的表达式,并对影响同步精度的因素进行了初步的分析。该方法可用于天基双/多基地合成孔径雷达系统相位同步链路的设计,仿真分析的结果验证了该方法的理论可行性。此外,通过搭建实物系统对系统的工程可实现精度进行了验证,结果表明获取的载波频率相位同步精度与倍频器件的频率精度和一致性密切相关。该相位同步方法为与TanDEM-X相近InSAR系统的设计提供参考。

静止坐标系下无电网电压传感器虚拟同步机控制策略

针对采用虚拟磁链算法的无电网电压传感器存在的直流偏移等问题,提出基于一阶低通滤波器和高通滤波器串联结构的改进磁链观测器,利用改进的磁链观测器得出虚拟磁链,提高了观测的精度。在得到虚拟磁链的基础上,针对不同电网频率运行条件,利用锁相环思想提出电网角频率的计算结构,并由虚拟出的磁链与电压的关系来重构电网电压。此外,将所提无电网电压传感器策略应用于网侧变流器系统中,在两相静止坐标系下设计虚拟同步控制结构,相比于旋转坐标系,可省去控制内环的解耦环节,同时还能简化坐标变换环节,避免了因坐标变换中角度不准而引入的不稳定因素。最后,通过仿真与实验验证所提控制策略与磁链观测器的有效性与可靠性。

新型电力系统的全能型静止同步机优化配置

提出一种用于提升频率和静态电压稳定性的全能型静止同步机优化配置方法。首先,推导出频率稳定的约束解析表达式,并基于奇异值理论建立系统静态电压稳定约束,建立考虑频率和静态电压稳定约束的全能型静止同步机优化配置模型;然后,将全能型静止同步机优化配置模型分解为选址定容主问题和稳定裕度计算子问题,通过主问题和子问题的交替求解实现最优解的近似逼近;最后,在一个修改的IEEE 39节点系统中进行测试,验证了所提方法的有效性。

基于扰动观测器-Lyapunov理论的稳压控制策略

针对小型风力自励异步发电机(SEICG)机端电压在投切负载时产生电压跌落的问题,通过并联静止无功补偿器(STATCOM)提高异SEIG的机端特性,改善电能质量。提出一种基于扰动观测器(DOB)的Lyapunov(DOB-Lyapunov)控制策略,通过数学模型构造Lyapunov函数,将误差跟踪问题转换成求解Lyapunov函数在平衡点全局渐近稳定问题;针对线路电感测量误差及摄动对控制策略造成影响,内环加入DOB,使得整个控制器在鲁棒性、静态稳定性方面得到提升。结果表明:所提DOB-Lyapunov方法可以在线路阻抗发生变化时仍有较好的控制性能,电压平方外环结构实现了线性化电压控制,在响应速度以及总谐波畸变率(THD)方面均优于传统方法。

附带STATCOM的HVDC系统改进参考电压控制法

在弱交流系统下对于附带有STATCOM的电网换相换流器高压直流输电(Line Commutated Converter based High Voltage Direct Current, LCC-HVDC)系统,存在着LCC逆变站与STATCOM之间耦合导致LCC-HVDC系统的稳定裕度下降问题,这会减弱LCC-HVDC抑制换相失败的能力。此外,HVDC控制环节之中的电压指令电流控制(voltage dependent current order limiter, VDCOL)环节的输出电流指令大幅剧烈波动还有几率会导致HVDC系统在首次换相失败之后发生后续换相失败。针对上述问题提出了一种“改进参考电压”的思想,对STATCOM和VDCOL的参考电压与输入电压分别进行修正。首先在STATCOM原本的参考电压经过一个“虚拟电抗”之后得到一个新的参考电压,通过这个改进参考电压弱化了STATCOM电压外环控制模块与LCC逆变站的耦合,减小了交流系统等效阻抗的大小,提升了系统对干扰的抵抗能力。然后对VDCOL的输入电压进行改进,新的改进输入电压改善了故障后VDCOL输出电流指令的大幅剧烈波动情况。最后通过三个层次的对照试验,验证了所提方法的有效性。

虚拟同步机控制策略下的STATCOM相间电容电压平衡方法研究

针对基于直挂式级联H桥拓扑结构的静止同步补偿器在运行时产生的相间电容电压不平衡的问题,本文在虚拟同步机的控制策略基础上提出了一种平衡相间电容电压的方法。虚拟同步机具有响应速度快的优点,但用于静止同步补偿器来作无功补偿时会产生相间电容电压不平衡的问题。因此本文首先引入电容电压平均值来完成虚拟同步机的快速并网,其次将虚拟同步机算法的无功调节分为3部分来实现分相无功补偿,再在电压合成前引入电容电压平均值作反馈,以实现相间电容电压平衡。最后在Matlab/Simulink环境下搭建仿真模型,验证了所提控制策略能有效解决相间电容电压不平衡问题,并且仿真结果表明所提控制策略具有良好的动态响应特性。

A Microwave High Power Static Induction Transistor with Double Dielectrics Gate Structure

The designing approaches and key fabricating technologies for high frequency high power double dielectrics gate static induction transistor (DDG SIT) with mixed non-saturating I-V characteristics are presented.The effects of parasitic gate-source capacitance (C gs) on the power performance of SIT are discussed.The main methods and considerations to diminish C gs,consequently to improve the high power performance are given.Synchronous epitaxy technology is the critical step to decrease C gs.The 7-μm pitch DDG SIT delivering output power >20W with >7dB power gain and >70% drain efficiency at 400MHz,and delivering output power >7W with >5dB power gain and >50% drain efficiency at 700MHz are successfully fabricated.

一种基于非线性电流跟踪算法的STATCOM相间电容电压平衡控制策略

针对基于级联H桥拓扑结构的静止同步补偿器在传统控制框架下所产生的相间电容电压不平衡问题,采用一种新型混合调制方法并提出了一种全新的非线性分相电流控制策略。首先,基于六模块十三电平级联H桥拓扑结构,阐明新型混合调制的调制原理,并阐述适用于新型混合调制的相内电容电压均衡策略。其次,推导了静止同步补偿器在两相同步旋转坐标系下的控制模型,并分析指出采用dq解耦控制存在的相间电容电压不平衡问题。针对相间电容电压不平衡问题,提出基于三相静止坐标系下的电流分相控制策略,通过Lyapunov稳定性判据第二法推导并设计实现对交流指令电流无差跟踪的非线性电流控制器。最后,在Matlab/Simulink环境下搭建仿真模型。仿真结果表明,所提控制策略在不同条件下均能保持相间电容电压一致和稳定,且具有良好的动态响应特性。

Coordinated Robust PID-based Damping Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators for Low-frequency Oscillations Considering Power System Operational Uncertainties

In recent years, with the growth of wind energy resources,the capability of wind farms to damp low-frequency oscillations(LFOs) has provided a notable advantage for the stabilityenhancement of the modern power grid. Meanwhile, owingto variations in the power system operating point (OP), thedamping characteristics of LFOs may be affected adversely. Inthis respect, this paper presents a coordinated robust proportional-integral-derivative (PID) based damping control approachfor permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSGs)to effectively stabilize LFOs, while considering power system operationaluncertainties in the form of a polytopic model constructedby linearizing the power system under a given set ofOPs. The proposed approach works by modulating the DC-linkvoltage control loop of the grid-side converter (GSC) via a supplementaryPID controller, which is synthesized by transformingthe design problem into H-infinity static output feedback(SOF) control methodology. The solution of H-infinity SOF controlproblem involves satisfying linear matrix inequality (LMI)constraints based on the parameter-dependent Lyapunov functionto ensure asymptotic stability such that the minimal H-infinityperformance objective is simultaneously accomplished forthe entire polytope. The coordinated damping controllers forthe multiple wind farms are then designed sequentially by usingthe proposed approach. Eigenvalue analysis confirms the improveddamping characteristics of the closed-loop system forseveral representative OPs. Afterward, the simulation results, includingthe performance comparison with existing approaches,validate the higher robustness of the proposed approach for awide range of operating scenarios.

Optimal Initialization and Starting Approach of Synchronous Condenser Integrated Power Grid

Synchronous condensers(SCs)are generally used at the receiving-end stations of ultra-high-voltage direct current(UHVDC)transmission systems due to their strong reactive power support and flexible regulation of reactive power according to the interconnected grids operating conditions.In this paper,different starting control schemes of a SC integrated power grid are investigated providing four main contributions:1)The principle of reactive power support of the SC on the interconnected power grid is analytically studied,providing the establishment of mathematical models.2)Four different starting control schemes are developed for the initialization and SC integration,i.e.in Scheme 1,a preset initial falling speed is directly utilized without initialization;in Scheme 2,a black start sequential control approach with a static frequency converter(SFC)is proposed;in Scheme 3,PI/PD/PID controllers are respectively applied for the excitation device at the speed-falling stage;in Scheme 4,a pre-insertion approach of an energy absorption component with R/L/RL is utilized to suppress the surges at the SC integration instant.3)The dynamic behaviors of four different starting schemes at specific operating stages are evaluated.4)The success rate of SC integration is analyzed to evaluate starting control performance.Performance of the SC interconnected system with four different starting control schemes is evaluated in the timedomain simulation environment PSCAD/EMTDC^(TM).The results prove the superiority of the proposed starting control approach in Scheme 4.

自主可控SFC控制器设计与研发

静止变频器(SFC)是大型同步电机变频启动的核心设备。基于自主可控的软硬件平台,研制了基于国产芯片的自主可控SFC控制器,介绍了该控制器的硬件和软件设计流程,并在实时数字仿真(RTDS)系统中建立同步电机、励磁、电力网络模型,搭建半实物仿真试验平台,测试并验证控制系统功能。测试结果表明:自主可控SFC控制器能够实现同步电机的启动功能,具备工程实施条件。

永磁同步电机预测控制参数畸变影响分析

当永磁同步电机(PMSM)预测控制系统在高温等复杂环境中工作时,受电机齿槽效应、边端效应、饱和效应以及外部干扰的影响,电机参数如定子电阻、d轴电感、q轴电感、永磁体磁链常会发生畸变。针对上述问题,建立了PMSM的有限控制集模型预测电流控制(FCS-MPCC)模型,对不同参数畸变的影响进行分析,计算给出由畸变导致的d、q轴预测电流偏差。对参数畸变范围进行分区设置并依次施加在模型中。在不同畸变程度下,实验分析不同参数畸变对PMSM动、静态性能的影响,包括d、q轴电流、预测电流偏差、电磁转矩以及转速。

同步电机静止变频软起动及其电枢电流谐波分析

同步电机软起动是由静止变频器(Static Frequency Converter,SFC)将同步电机从静止逐渐拖动至额定转速。但SFC短时和频繁起动会造成大量谐波,该谐波施加在同步电机电枢绕组对同步电机造成不可逆的危害。本文首先图解分析了同步电机软起动低速和高速阶段的换相过程,由此推导出各阶段电枢电流模型,从而分析得出电枢电流谐波特性。最后,搭建出同步电机软起动的Matlab/Simulink模型,验证本文推导的准确性。

基于高频方波注入的永磁同步电机控制优化

提出一种利用高频正交方波电压注入静止坐标系的内置式永磁同步电动机无传感器控制的新方案。该方法是对传统高频旋转正弦电压注入法的改进,通过离散高频电流来建立整个信号过程。提出了一种不含低通滤波器的位置估计方法,并减小了高通滤波器引起的相移。该无传感器控制方法受到数字滤波器的不利影响会减少,可以解决当前基于静止坐标系的注入方法的常见缺点。

配电网静止同步补偿器的主动电压支撑控制方法研究

配电网静止同步补偿器(Distribution grid static synchronous compensator,DSTATCOM)是改善电压偏移、无功等电能质量问题的有效手段。现有的DSTATCOM大多采用基于锁相环的电网同步控制技术,因锁相环带宽和电压控制的响应速度等原因,动态电压支撑能力较弱。针对此问题,提出DSTATCOM的主动电压支撑控制方法,采用功率同步控制取代锁相环实现电网同步,控制环路由外向内依次为直流电压环、功率环、交流电压环和电流环。根据电压偏移量的大小自主调节无功功率的参考值以支撑并网点电压稳定。采用了变积分系数的无功功率控制方法,能够实现快速的功率跟踪。Matlab/Simulink仿真结果验证了所提控制方法的有效性。

级联H桥STATCOM状态反馈与电压均衡控制

具有高动态响应的静态同步补偿器(STATCOM)可以提高风电场系统在故障条件下的稳定性,并缓解风电场系统的电压波动。此处提出一种风电场级联H桥STATCOM状态反馈与电压均衡控制策略,借助状态反馈控制算法对系统整体特征值和特征向量进行赋值,使系统具有快速的动态响应和良好的稳定裕度,引入基于功耗补偿的级联H桥模块单元电压平衡策略,进而实现H桥模块单元的电压平衡和无功功率的均匀分布。最后搭建七电平级联H桥STATCOM验证所提状态反馈与电压均衡控制方案的有效性,实验结果表明所提方案可以实现风电场系统的稳定性和高动态响应,并很好实现H桥模块单元的电压平衡和无功功率均匀分布。

转子偏心对永磁同步电动机电磁力特性的影响

目的永磁同步电动机在变频供电下运行时,转子偏心将加剧电动机的电磁振动,并加大电动机电磁力特性的分析难度。为了研究永磁同步电动机转子偏心时的电磁力特性,方法提出一种快速电磁力特性解析分析方法,在建立电动机永磁体磁动势、定子绕组基波及谐波磁动势、气隙磁导函数的解析模型的基础上,构建电动机无偏心、静态偏心、动态偏心时径向电磁力的解析分析模型,并研究电动机电磁力的阶数成分、频率成分特征。结果经分析发现,与电动机不偏心时电磁力的阶数r和频率成分fk相比,电动机静态偏心、动态偏心时均会增加阶数为r±1和r±2的电磁力;电动机静态偏心时,新出现的电磁力的频率成分为f_(k);电动机动态偏心时,新出现的电磁力的频率成分为f_(k)±f_(1)/p,f_(k)±2f_(1)/p。搭建电动机本体和矢量控制电路结合的联合仿真模型,该模型能够反映电动机不同运行状态下绕组电感、永磁体磁链等参数的变化,利用该模型分别仿真分析电动机无偏心、静态偏心和动态偏心带载运行时径向电磁力的阶数成分、频率成分。仿真分析结果与解析分析结果相符,验证了本文解析分析方法的正确性。结论研究结果可为电磁振动的削弱、电动机故障的预测与诊断提供理论依据。

基于STATCOM的双馈风力发电机低电压穿越能力分析

为了对风电场低电压穿越(Low-Voltage Ride-Through, LVRT)动态响应特性及其治理措施进行研究,建立了双馈感应发电机(Doubly Fed Induction Generator, DFIG)风电场仿真模型,讨论了DFIG网侧和转子侧变流器控制策略,并从风机机端电压、风机直流母线电压等关键方面分析了静止同步补偿器(Static Synchronous Compensator, STATCOM)在风电场低电压穿越防治中的应用有效性。分析结果表明,采用STATCOM可以显著改善风机在低电压情况的响应特性,同时STATCOM可以提供动态无功功率补偿,减轻电网低电压对风机的不利影响,有助于风机提供稳定发电能力,减少风电场停机时间和电网扰动。